Sautunan da ke haifar da matsala ga mutane ko dai suna da ƙarfi sosai ko kuma suna da ƙarfi sosai.
"Wasu misalai na yau da kullun na ƙarar ƙararrawa ko ƙararrawa na ƙararrawa na mota da ke tashi kusa da ku ko motar asibiti da ke wucewa ta kan titi," in ji Jodi Sasaki-Miraglia, darektan shirye-shiryen ilimi na ƙwararru a masana'antar taimakon ji Widex USA.
"Sauran misalan gama-gari sune wasan wuta, hayaniya mai ƙarfi ko kiɗa a wurin wasan kwaikwayo."
Tabbas, a cikin yanayin ƙararrawar hayaki da siren motar asibiti, ana iya jayayya cewa gaba ɗaya batun su shine ƙara da ƙarfi don jawo hankali. A mafi yawan lokuta, ba za a fallasa ku ga waɗannan surutu na dogon lokaci ba. Amma wasan kwaikwayo na iya ɗaukar sa'o'i da yawa, kuma idan ba ku yi sa'a ba don rayuwa a ƙetaren wurin gini, kun san sosai yadda zai yi zafi don sauraron humming na kwanaki a ƙarshe.
Duk da yake waɗannan yanayi suna da ban sha'awa ga kowa da kowa, ga wasu mutane da hankali ga sauti matsala ce ta gaske da ke shafar su a kullum.
Me yasa hakan ke faruwa da su?
Matakan Rashin Jin daɗi na ƙara
Sauti masu ƙarfi, ƙarar sauti gabaɗaya sun fi jin daɗin saurare fiye da natsuwa, sautunan ƙarami. Amma haƙurin mutane a gare su na iya bambanta. Abin farin ciki, akwai gwaji mai amfani wanda likitan audio zai iya yi don tantance matakin musamman na rashin jin daɗin ku.
"Gwajin Cox, wanda Marigayi Dr. Robin Cox, PhD, na Jami'ar Memphis ya kirkiro, Cibiyar Nazarin Bincike ta Ji, ana amfani da ita akai-akai a asibitocin jijiya a yau," in ji Sasaki-Miraglia. A ciki, mai haƙuri yana sauraron jerin ƙananan ƙananan sauti kuma yana yin la'akari da yadda suke kama da shi a kan ma'auni bakwai. Dangane da sakamakon, likitan audio ya sami ra'ayi na tushen matakin rashin jin daɗi na mutum kuma zai iya daidaita daidai abin taimakon ji da suke buƙata.
Amma menene abubuwan da ke haifar da hankali ga sauti?
Sasaki-Miraglia ya ce: "An fi ganin ƙima mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin mutanen da ke da takamaiman nau'ikan asarar ji, kamar surutu ko jijiya [wanda ke shafar tsarin kunnuwa na ciki ko jijiyoyin ji]," in ji Sasaki-Miraglia.
"Mutanen da ke fama da ringing ko tinnitus, ko waɗanda ke da matsalolin sarrafa sauti, na iya samun ƙasa da ƙimar rashin jin daɗi da ake tsammani."
Hakanan akwai yanayi daban-daban waɗanda ke sa mutane su ji sauti daban-daban.
Misali daya shine hyperaccusis, wanda wani lokaci zai iya zama sakamakon wasu matsalolin likita kamar cutar Lyme ko migraines. Kamar yadda Sasaki-Miraglia ya bayyana, “hyperacusis ba shi da alaƙa da ƙarar sauti. A cikin wannan yanayin, sautin da ya zama kamar 'al'ada' a cikin babbar murya ga yawancin mutane na iya zama da ƙarfi ga masu fama da wahala." Wannan yana nufin cewa wani abu mai sauƙi kamar jingling na tsabar kudi a cikin aljihun mutum na iya yin sauti mai ƙarfi wanda ba zai iya jurewa ba har ma da zafi.
Wasu mutane suna fuskantar fushi mara dalili a wasu kararraki, wanda ya faru ne saboda misophonia. Bincike na baya-bayan nan ya nuna cewa wannan yanayin ya zama ruwan dare fiye da yadda ake tunani a baya, yana shafar kusan mutum daya cikin biyar a Burtaniya kadai.
Wani bincike ya nuna cewa sautin cewa mutanen da ke fama da misophonia sun sami rashin haƙuri a zahiri kunna da'irori na jijiyoyi waɗanda ke sarrafa motsin tsokar fuska, kuma ba matsala ba ne tare da tsarin sarrafa sauti na kwakwalwa, kamar yadda ake tsammani. Wannan yana da alama yana ba mutane jin cewa waɗannan sautunan suna "shiga" jikinsu, suna haifar da fushi ko kyama.
Sasaki-Miraglia ta ce abubuwan da ke jawo hankulan mutane su ne hayaniyar wasu mutane "taunawa, numfashi ko share makogwaronsu."
A wasu mutane, rashin son ƙarar ƙara na iya tasowa zuwa cikakkiyar rashin tsoro da ake kira phonophobia. Ba lallai ba ne yana da alaƙa da matsalolin ji, amma yana iya zama ruwan dare a cikin mutanen da ke da matsalolin sarrafa azanci - kamar waɗanda ake iya samu a cikin mutanen da ke fama da autistic - da masu fama da ƙaura. Kamar kowane phobia, phonophobia matsananci ne, tsoro mara hankali, kuma masu fama da cutar na iya fuskantar firgita lokacin da aka fallasa su da ƙararraki, ko ma barazanar su kawai.
Amma kamar yadda sharar mutum ɗaya ke da taska na wani, haka tsabar jin daɗin sauti tana da bangarori biyu. Wasu sautunan da ke haifar da hankali har ma da misophonia a wasu mutane na iya zama cikakkiyar ni'ima ga wasu. Wani yanayi na kwanan nan akan TikTok yana nuna wannan ta hanya mai kyau: lokacin da mutane suka fara mirgina abubuwan da za su karye - musamman kwalabe gilashi - ƙasa…
Wannan wasan kwaikwayo na bugawa da karya zai sa mutane da yawa su rufe kunnuwansu, amma wasu sun rantse yana haifar da jin daɗi mai suna Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR), wani lokacin da aka fi sani da "kwakwalwa inzali." Wadanda suka fuskanci wannan halin sukan kwatanta shi a matsayin shakatawa, jin dadi mai ban sha'awa wanda ya haifar da sauti iri-iri-ga wasu, fashewar gilashi ne, ga wasu, raɗaɗi, bugawa, har ma da goge gashi.
Shin akwai hanyar da za a bi da sautin hankali?
Sasaki-Miraglia ya ce "Idan kana da hankali sosai, mafi kyawun aikin shine neman shawara daga likitan audio mai lasisi," in ji Sasaki-Miraglia. "Zai samar muku da cikakkiyar kima, zaɓuɓɓukan magani da ilimi da aka yi niyya don yanayin jin daɗin ku. Ba sabon abu ba ne a sami abubuwa da yawa da ke ba da gudummawa."
Yana da mahimmanci a nemi shawarar likitancin mutum kamar yadda maganin hyperacusis ko tinnitus a cikin mutum ɗaya na iya bambanta da wani.
Idan hankalin ku ga sauti yana haifar da damuwa, ma'ana kuna iya samun phonophobia, jiyya daban-daban na iya ba da shawara ta hanyar ƙwararrun lafiyar hankali, irin su farfaɗowar halayya.
Dukanmu dole ne mu magance surutai masu ban haushi daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, amma wani lokacin wannan bacin na iya komawa wani abu da yawa. Idan hankali ga sautuna yana shafar rayuwar ku ta al'ada, yana iya zama lokaci don neman shawarar likita - ana iya samun ƙarin zaɓuɓɓukan magani fiye da yadda kuke tunani!
Kamar yadda Sasaki-Miraglia ya kammala, "Komai dalili, tuntuɓar da ta dace da kuma ganewar asali ta likitan audio na iya inganta sakamakon haƙuri da ingancin rayuwar ku."
