Tchuthi cha dziko la Republic of Bulgaria pa March 3 (tchuthi dziko kuyambira 1990). Pa Marichi 3 [February 19, kalembedwe kakale], 1878 idasainidwa Pangano la Mtendere la San Stefano pakati pa Russia ndi Ufumu wa Ottoman, womwe unathetsa Nkhondo ya Russo-Turkish ya 1877-1878 (chakhumi pamndandanda wankhondo za Russo-Turkish), zomwe. adatchedwa a Bulgarians "Liberation War", chifukwa adatsogolera kumasulidwa kwa anthu a ku Bulgaria ku Ufumu wa Ottoman ndi kulengedwa kwa ufumu wachitatu wa Bulgaria. Madzulo a tchuthi cha dziko la Bulgaria tikutsegula tsamba loyiwalika m'mbiri ya Kumasulidwa kwa Bulgaria m'zaka za zana la 19, zokhudzana ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa Asilamu ochokera ku Caucasus mu asilikali a Russia kuti amasule abale a Orthodox a ku Bulgaria ku kuponderezedwa kwa Sultan.
Pazaka za Russo-Turkish War of Liberation kuyambira 1877-1878, gulu lankhondo la Russia lidatengedwa kuchokera ku South Russia kupita ku North Caucasus (South Caucasus ili ku Ottoman Turkey), kuphatikiza Cossacks (Don ndi Cuba), Chuvash, Ingush , Chechens, Kumits, ngakhale Circassians. Mapangidwe a Tersko-Mountain Cavalry Regiment anamalizidwa bwino ndi November 25, 1876. Pakupangidwa kwa gululi, utsogoleri wa asilikali unadziika okha ntchito yopatsa zikhalidwe zakunja za okwera pamahatchi okhazikika. Mtundu wa zovala wa yunifolomu waperekedwa kwa antchito onse. Zovala za Circassian zimayenera kukhala zakuda, zopanda zokongoletsera, zoyera zoyera, nsonga zakuda ndi nsonga zoyera, ndi nsapato zofewa za ku Asia, ndi epaulets ndi buluu, ndi zilembo TG.
Regiment analengedwa ndi anthu a Terek dera Caucasus ndipo tichipeza makamaka Ingush ndi Ossetians, koma palinso Russian, Georgians ndi Chechens. Magulu awiri adapangidwira gululi - Ossetian ndi Ingush, ndipo aliyense wa iwo adaloledwa kuguba ndi mbendera yake. Pa December 1, mbendera zapadera za magawowa zinaperekedwa mwachidwi: chifukwa cha kukhulupirika ndi kudzipereka kwa Russia kwa anthu a Ingush mu 1841, ndi Ossetian - mu 1845. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti mbendera ya Ingush inali yofiira kwambiri komanso yofanana kwambiri. masiku ano Turkish, pamene Ossetian ndi buluu kumwamba. Mbendera iliyonse imakwezedwa mogwirizana ndi ulemu wonse woperekedwa ku mbendera ndi miyezo ya lamulo lankhondo. Kuphatikiza apo, zana lililonse lili ndi chizindikiro chake chomwe chimakhala ngati mbendera yake.
Pa December 7, 1876, Terek-Mountain Cavalry Irregular Regiment, yomwe ili ndi asilikali "makamaka omwe amatha kuchitapo kanthu pa nkhondo yaing'ono m'mayiko amapiri," ananyamuka njanji ya Rostov-Vladikavkaz kupita ku Chisinau, komwe kuli likulu la asilikali a Danube. , ndipo akufika kumeneko pa December 15. Kuwonjezera pa gululi, asilikali a Cuba ndi Terek, Vladikavkaz Cavalry Cossack Regiment, mazana awiri a gulu la asilikali a Kuban Cossack Army ndi 2 Kuban Cossack Regiment ananyamuka mu gulu la Ukulu Wake kuchokera. Tersk ndi Kuban zigawo mu Danube Army.
Pa May 24, 1877, Mtsogoleri Wamkulu wa Gulu Lankhondo la Caucasus analamula mkulu wa asilikali a m'dera la Terek kuti apitirize kupanga gulu lachiwiri la Terek-Mountain Cavalry Irregular Regiment ndi 2-mphamvu: Kabardians zana. , Balkars, Ossetians ndi Ingush. Adjutant Colonel Wittgenstein anasankhidwa kukhala mkulu wa asilikali. Pa nthawi yomweyo iye anali mkulu wa asilikali apakavalo Terek ndi brigade wosakhazikika, wopangidwa ndi Chechen ndi Kabardino-Kumik apakavalo regiments osagwirizana.
The zikuchokera Chechen Regiment ndi mayiko. Mmenemo, pamodzi ndi Chechens, aku Russia Flor Ekimov, Vasily Frolov, Ivan Antipov, Trofim Kurkin amatumikiranso; Ajeremani Karl Taichmann, Wolf Dorfstein; Ingush Asav Kuriev, Tokh Bekov, Tomi Doltmurziev ndi ena, Ossetia - Zaur Thostov, Peter Khutsistov, mapiri Ayuda - Shamil Uruskhanov, Uruskhan Shamayev. Choncho, kuwonjezera pa Don Cossacks, Terek Cossacks anatenga mbali mu Russian-Turkish War m'ma 1970 mu Cossack asilikali otsatirawa:
Kuphatikiza Caucasian Cossack Division
Cuban 2nd Regiment
Don-Cossack 30th Regiment
Gulu la Vladikavkaz-Ossetian Cossack
Tersko-chapamwamba-phiri okwera pamahatchi ndi wokhazikika Regiment
Don-Cossack 1st batire apakavalo
Gawo 1 la Don-Cossack
Don-Cossack 15th Regiment
Don-Cossack 16th Regiment
Don-Cossack 17th Regiment
Don-Cossack 18th Regiment
11th, 16th ndi 17th Horse Battery
Gawo lachiwiri la Don-Cossack
Don-Cossack 24th Regiment
Don-Cossack 36th Regiment
Don-Cossack 38th Regiment
Don-Cossack 39th Regiment
Don-Cossack 1st batire apakavalo
Don-Cossack 21, 23, 26, 29, 31, 34, 35, 37, 40
Leib Guards Ataman Regiment
Leib Guards Don-Cossack Regiment
Mazana a Ural-Caucasus
7th Plastun Division ya Gulu Lankhondo la Cuba
Gulu la 3 la Gendarmerie
Don-Cossack batire 7, 8, 10, 15, 18, 22, 23, 24
Batire yamapiri 1st ndi 2nd
Kuzinga zida zankhondo
Batire yoyaka mwachangu
Kale mu 1810, pangano linasaina mu linga la Vladikavkaz lolowa mwaufulu ku Ingushetia ku Russia. Kufunika kwa chochitika ichi kwa mbiri yakale ya anthu a Ingush ndizovuta kudziwa. Kukhala gawo la Russia kwamuyaya kumapulumutsa okwera mapiri ku chiwopsezo chakale cha kuwonongedwa kwawo ndi Shah's Persia ndi Ufumu wa Ottoman. Russia, kuyimilira pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri wa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, zachuma ndi chikhalidwe, imakhala ndi phindu pa moyo wonse wa Ingush. Boma la Russia ndi kayendetsedwe kake ka Caucasus amaona kufunika kwakukulu mu ndondomeko zawo zolimbana ndi kukula kwa Ufumu wa Ottoman ndi Iran ya Shah ku Caucasus ku bungwe la magulu ankhondo ndi oimira anthu a kumapiri ndi kukopa kwawo ku dziko lawo. M'zaka za m'ma 1980, boma la tsarist lachitetezo cha Caucasus linayamba kupanga magulu ankhondo a okwera mapiri.
Nkhondo ya Russo-Turkish ya 1828-1829 inayamba, General Paskevich, Mtsogoleri Wamkulu wa Gulu Lankhondo la Caucasus, analemba kuti: . ” Pankhondo imeneyi, pamodzi ndi asilikali a ku Caucasus, ndi okwera mapiri ku Dagestan, Chechen okwera pamahatchi motsogoleredwa ndi Bey-Bulat Taimiev nawo. Kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo imeneyi, Paskevich anaitanitsa Bey-Bulat ndi 60 Chechens kuti Tiflis (Tbilisi). Kuchokera ku Tiflis mu gulu logwira ntchito anthu 33 amapita kwa iwo. Okwera pamahatchi a Chechen atenga nawo gawo pakuyenda kwa asitikali aku Russia kupita ku Erzurum (Arzrum).
Ingush, monga anthu ena a ku Caucasus, adagwira nawo nkhondo ya Crimea ya 1853-1856. Pamodzi ndi Azerbaijanis, Armenians, Georgians, Chechens, Dagestanis, Kabardians ndi Ossetia, iwo mwakhama anamenyana Turkey mu Caucasus. kutsogolo. Ena mwa omwe adalandira mendulo yamkuwa yosaiŵalika kumapeto kwa nkhondoyo anali 325 Ingush, okwera pamahatchi okhazikika ndi asitikali osakhalitsa 80 omwe adamenya nawo nkhondo "yolimbana ndi okwera mapiri opanduka ndi a ku Turkey ku Caucasus Battle Theatre ...".
Nkhondo ya Russo-Turkish War ya 1877-1878, komanso pankhondo zam'mbuyomu pakati pa Russia ndi Ufumu wa Ottoman m'zaka za m'ma XIX, zidachitika pazigawo ziwiri - Balkan ndi Caucasus (Asia Minor). Magawo osakhazikika (ankhondo) opangidwa ndi nthumwi za anthu aku North Caucasus akulimbananso pazigawo ziwiri zankhondo zaku Russia. Kuyambira tsiku loyamba mpaka tsiku lomaliza la nkhondo, gulu lankhondo la Tersko-Mountain Cavalry Irregular Regiment, lopangidwa ndi Ossetians 400 ndi Ingush, lidachita nawo gawo la Balkan Front. Pa kutsogolo kwa Caucasus, Dagestan 2 ndi 3, Chechen, Kabardino-Kumik apakavalo ndi regiments osakhazikika, okwana 600 sabers, nawo nkhondo.
M’chigawo cha Terek, “pafupifupi anthu onse ananena kuti akufuna kulowa usilikali.” M'masiku oyambirira a kuyitana, odzipereka adalembedwa zambiri kuposa zofunikira kuti apange gulu. 345 Ossetians ndi 324 Ingush adanena kuti akufuna kulowa nawo gululi mu sabata yoyamba ya mapangidwe ake. Pazonse, anthu 504 akuyenera kulembedwa (okwera pamahatchi 480, ma cadet 8, osunga 16). Malinga ndi ogwira ntchito osakhalitsa oguba omwe adakhazikitsidwa, muli maofesala 15, ma cadet 8, oyang'anira 16, okwera pamahatchi 480, okwera malipenga 5, akalaliki 4, dokotala 1, othandizira 2, ndi wophika buledi wa ku Asia. Mtsogoleri wa chigawo cha Vladikavkaz, Colonel PF Ponkratov, adasankhidwa kukhala mkulu wa gulu la Tersko-Mountain Regiment, cornet adjutant - Cornet Zheleznyakov, ndi cashier wa regimental ndi quartermaster - Cornet Kosobryukhov. M'malo mwa Captain Bekmurzy Kubatiev, Captain Arslan-Murza Esiev anakhala Mtsogoleri wa Ossetia Division, ndipo Lieutenant-Colonel Banukho Bazorkin anapatsidwa udindo wa Ingush Division. Kornet Agu-Bekir Dudarov ndi Lieutenant Totradze Zembatov anasankhidwa kukhala akuluakulu a mazana a Ossetia, ndi Lieutenant Botako Uzhahov ndi Major Banuho Dolgiev anasankhidwa kukhala akuluakulu a mazana a Ingush.
Otsatirawa adalembedwa ngati ma subaltern maofisala (akuluakulu ang'onoang'ono) mugululi: mu gawo loyamba (Ossetian) - ma sign (onyamulira mbendera) Miserbi Gutiev, Gidanov, Dzhambulat Cherekov, Getagas Thostov, Alexander Dzugaev, Genarduko Abisalov ndi Temu (Ingush) Division. - Lieutenant Magi Nauruzov, Ensigns Doh Malsagov, Kerim Bogatyrev, Artagan Malsagov, Captain Nikolai Aldiev, Lieutenant Genarduko Esenov, Lieutenants Umar Sampiev ndi Gani Dzhemiev.
Pa Seputembara 24, 1877, gulu la Ingush lidatumizidwa ku Gulu Lankhondo la XIII ndi Active Army, yomwe ili mbali ya gulu la Eastern (Ruse). Analumikizidwa ku gawo lachisanu ndi chitatu la okwera pamahatchi a Sinankoi Corps Detachment. Pa October 12, pamodzi ndi a Cossacks a 36 Don Regiment, adagwira nawo ntchito yotsutsa kuukira kwa Turkey pafupi ndi midzi ya Nisovo, m'chigawo cha Ruse komanso kumenyana ndi nkhondo kuseri kwa mtsinje wa Beli Lom. Pa October 18, iye anachita reconnaissance m'dera la midzi Svalenik, Ljubljana ndi Sadina. Kumayambiriro kwa Novembala, asitikali aku Turkey adawonjezera ntchito zawo mdera la Cherni Lom. Gawo la Ingush linagwira nawo nkhondo pafupi ndi mudzi wa Katselovo ndipo linasonyeza kulimba mtima kwapadera. Kuyambira pa Novembara 12 mpaka 17, gululi lidamenya nkhondo m'dera la Tserovets ndi Katselovo pothandizira gulu lankhondo la Ataman Cossack la Life Guards. kutsogolo ndikuchita reconnaissance.
Komabe, anthu ambiri a ku Caucasus akumenyananso kumbali yotsutsana - ku Caucasus komweko komanso ku Caucasus diaspora. Malinga ndi wolemba mbiri waku Cuba ED Felitsin, anthu 13,586 adasamuka ku Kuban kupita ku Turkey kuyambira 1871 mpaka 1883, kuphatikiza 11,417 Adyghe ndi 1,809 Abaza. Mu 1878, ochuluka kwambiri anali odzipereka a ku Abkhazia m’gulu lankhondo la Ottoman. . Nkhondo ya Russo-Turkish idatseka chitseko cha kwawo kosatha kudzera mwa anthu osamukira ku Caucasus. Pafupifupi anthu 50,000 a ku Abkhazia adathamangitsidwa kapena kusamuka chifukwa chogwirizana ndi akuluakulu aku Turkey. Gulu lalikulu la anthu ochokera kunjaku linathandiza kwambiri mafumu a Hashemite kukhazikitsa Ufumu wa Hashemite wa Jordan.
Wofufuza wochokera ku Adygea Republican Institute for Humanitarian Studies Samir Hopko amatipatsa zonena za likulu la Russia la apakavalo a Caucasus m'magulu a asilikali a Ottoman a Balkan Battle Theatre: ku Western Bulgaria - malupanga 9250, ku Eastern Bulgaria - malupanga 5000. , m'dera la Babadag - 1800 sabi. Mu zolemba zake, General PD Zotov anafotokoza mu kugawanika kwa Hassan Sabli Pasha - 800 Caucasians, mu gawo la Shefnet Pasha - 1000 Caucasians, mu gawo la Zefi Pasha - 2200 omenyana ndi mayiko a Caucasus. Nthawi zambiri, asilikali okwera pamahatchi a ku Caucasus amaposa okwera pamahatchi a ku Turkey. Mwachitsanzo, mu October 1877 m'chigawo cha Pleven-Lovech anayendetsa 5,000 okwera pamahatchi Caucasian ndi 40 squadrons apakavalo ku wokhazikika Turkey asilikali (motsutsana 118 squadrons Russian apakavalo). Palinso anthu a Caucasus pakati pa akuluakulu akuluakulu ku likulu la Ottoman: Rauf Pasha, Deli Khosrev Pasha, Cherkez Hassan, Cherkez Osman Pasha, Shefket Pasha, Cherkez Ibrahim Pasha, Dilaver Karzeg Pasha, Cherkez Dilaver Pasha, Fuad Pasha, Suleiman Pasha, Mehme Pasha. . Malinga ndi lipoti la Skobelev, asilikali a Osman Pasha ku Pleven anali 28,000, omwe 20,000 anali oyenda pansi nthawi zonse ndi okwera pamahatchi okwana 8,000 a ku Caucasus (cf. Kutolere Zida pa Nkhondo ya Russo-Turkish ya 1877-1878, ku St. , nambala II, tsamba 1898).
Malinga ndi Nemirovich-Danchenko, pali anthu odzipereka odzipereka okwana 1,000 ku likulu la asilikali a Suleiman Pasha. M'malipoti ankhondo aku Russia, timapeza kuti anthu aku Caucasus ali ndi zida zambiri kuposa aku Turkey ndi Russia. Pankhondo ya Shipka, adafotokozedwa kuti ndi owombera abwino kwambiri. Mkulu wa Cossack Dukmasov, wothandizira Skobelev, amapereka chidwi chapadera pamayendedwe anzeru a Caucasus m'mabuku ake. Iye anachita chidwi kwambiri ndi kuukira kwa magulu awiri a asilikali a Sultan. Timapezanso zambiri zokhudza anthu a ku Caucasus m’makalata a Count NP Ignatiev, yemwe kale anali kazembe wa Russia ku Istanbul yemwe anali kulikulu la mfumu pa nthawi ya nkhondo.
Pambuyo pa kusankhidwa kwa General Dondukov-Korsakov monga Imperial Russian Commissioner ku Bulgaria, gawolo linaperekedwa kwa iye. Pa Meyi 24, Ingush Division idasiya XIII Army Corps. Mpaka August 28, 1878, magawano anali maudindo mu Rhodopes, kenako anaphatikizidwa mu gulu la Burgas. Pa October 5 iye anadzazidwa pa zombo ndi masiku awiri kenako anafika Sevastopol. Ananyamuka kupita ku Vladikavkaz, komwe anachotsedwa pa November 23, 1878.
Adjutant General Dondukov-Korsakov anayamikira Ingush kutenga nawo mbali pa nkhondo ya Russo-Turkey. Pa September 2, 1878, anapereka lamulo lapadera ku Plovdiv lothokoza gulu la asilikali okwera pamahatchi a ku Tersko-Mountain.
Pambuyo pa kutha kwa ntchito ya Berlin Congress (June-July 1878) adaganiza zochepetsera chiwerengero cha asilikali a ku Russia omwe adakhazikitsidwa mongoyembekezera ku Bulgaria. Zina mwa izo ndi gulu la Tersko-Mountain Regiment, lomwe pa August 28 linachotsedwa pa malo ku mapiri a Rhodope ndikuphatikizidwa m'gulu la Burgas. Pa October 5, gululi linadzazidwa ndi sitima zapamadzi ku Burgas ndipo patapita masiku awiri anafika ku Sevastopol, kenako analandiridwa mwachikondi ku Vladikavkaz, pa October 23, 1878, adachotsedwa ndipo apakavalo anabalalitsidwa kupita kwawo.
Atawombedwa ndi ulemerero, Gulu Lankhondo Losakhazikika la Tersko-Mountain Cavalry likubwerera kudziko lakwawo. Zifuwa za ankhondo ambiri zimakongoletsedwa ndi malamulo ndi ndondomeko, ndi mitanda ya St. George chifukwa cha kulimba mtima. Mphotho zambiri ndi zikomo analandira Regiment mkulu Colonel PF Pankratov. Utsogoleri wa asilikali kulimba mtima ndi bata pankhondo mobwerezabwereza anamusiyanitsa pakati pa akuluakulu ena unit, iye anapatsidwa lamulo la united zowuluka detachments, ophunzira mu mzere kutsogolo. Zolemba za likulu la regimental zomwe zasungidwa m'malo osungiramo zakale zimatsimikizira kuti PF Pankratov anali mtsogoleri wachilungamo komanso wosamala. Ngakhale mumkhalidwe wa utumiki wosakonzekera bwino wa asilikali a Danube Army, amapeza njira ndi mwayi woonetsetsa kuti okwera pamahatchi ake avala bwino ndi kuvala nsapato, ndikugogomezera kuti ichi ndi "khalidwe loyamba la thanzi".
M'magawo omwe ali pamwambawa amapangidwa: wochita nawo nkhondo ya Crimea, wodziwika ndi kuphulika kwa linga la Turkey la Silistra, Ensign Timurko Borov; Lieutenant Batako Uzhakhov. Ndi Lamulo la St. Vladimir, digiri ya 4 inapatsidwa Captain Nikolai Aldiev. Pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Ingush Division ku Lower Danube Detachment, anali mkulu wa asilikali a mzinda wa Izmail, ndipo kuyambira January 1878 adatumikira monga mkulu wa gulu. Madzulo a kukumbukira Tersko-Mountain Regiment kudziko lakwawo, Captain Aldiev, mwa dongosolo la likulu la asilikali yogwira, anatumizidwa ku Don Cossack Regiment №4 ndipo anapitiriza utumiki wake kum'mwera Bulgaria. Adjutant General Adjutant General AM Dondukov-Korsakov anapereka kuwunika kwabwino kwa Gulu la Tersko-Mountain Regiment. M’chigamulo chake, choperekedwa pa September 2, 1878 mu mzinda wa Philippopolis (Plovdiv), iye ananena zotsatirazi:
“Posiyana nanu, okwera pamahatchi olimba mtima a gulu lankhondo losakhazikika la Tersko-Gorski, ndikulingalira kukhala thayo langa lochokera pansi pa mtima kusonyeza kuyamikira kwanga kowona mtima kwa inu kaamba ka utumiki wanu woyenerera. Gawo la Ingush linali pansi pa ulamuliro wa XIII Corps nthawi zambiri zam'mbuyomu zomwe ndimalamulira, ndipo nthawi zonse adatumikira kutsogolo m'magulu ndi m'zochita zake zonse ndi zitsanzo za kudzipereka, kulimba mtima ndi mphamvu zonse zankhondo. . ulemerero ndi ulemu kuchokera kwa anzanu onse. Mphotho ndi mbendera zomwe zidalandiridwa ndi Ingush Division zidzachitira umboni pobwerera kunyumba, momwe zimayamikiridwa ... ntchito yoyenera ya Ingush mu kampeni yomaliza; akulu anu ndi achibale anu adzakulandirani monyadira mukabwerera kumidzi, atakwaniritsa ntchito yawo mwaulemu ndikuwonetsa kudzipereka kosatha kwa anthu a Ingush ku dziko la Atate. Kumbali yanga, ndine wokondwa ndipo ndidzakumbukira monyadira kuti pansi pa utsogoleri wanga panali anyamata achitsanzo chabwino monga gulu laulemerero la Ingush Division. Ndimaona kuti ndi ntchito yosangalatsa kwambiri kupereka msonkho woyenera komanso kuthokoza kowona mtima kwa mkulu wankhondo waulemelero Colonel Pankratov, ndikukwaniritsa mozama malamulo onse omwe adapatsidwa pankhondo, yemwe anali m'modzi mwa omwe ndimagwira nawo ntchito pankhondo. lamulo langa. wa XIII Corps. Kwa akuluakulu a magulu a Major Esiev ndi kwa Captain Aldiev, kwa akuluakulu a mazana, Ensign Thostov, Lieutenant Zembatov, Lieutenant Uzhahov ndi Ensign Malsagov, ndikuwonetsa kuyamikira kwanga kochokera pansi pamtima komanso kwachikondi chifukwa cha ntchito yolimba mtima komanso yakhama. Kwa anzanga olimba mtima - magulu onse a Tersko-Mountain Cavalry Irregular Regiment, yomwe ndidzakumbukira nthawi zonse kukumbukira kwamtengo wapatali - ndi mtima wanga wonse ndikufunirani ulemerero watsopano, chisangalalo ndi zabwino zonse. “
