Asayansi anapeza kuti gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a maselo obadwa nawo mu testis “amaphedwa” ndi ma phagocyte, ngakhale kuti maselowa sakuchita “zolakwika” zilizonse.
Kafukufuku wa University of Haifa wapeza ma cell akupha.
Njira yomwe imaphatikizapo "kupha" kwa maselo amoyo, opangidwa kumene apezeka kwa nthawi yoyamba mu kafukufuku waposachedwapa wochitidwa ku yunivesite ya Haifa. Kafukufuku, omwe adafotokozedwa m'magazini olemekezeka Kusintha kwa Sayansi, adapeza kuti panthawi yonse yosiyanitsa ma cell mu ntchentche za zipatso, maselo a phagocytic amawononga ndikuwononga maselo amoyo wathanzi.
Tinapeza kuti ma phagocyte amatha kukhala 'akupha.' Ndizodziwika bwino kuti maselo a phagocytic amameza ndi kusungunula maselo akufa, koma timasonyeza kwa nthawi yoyamba kuti amaphanso maselo abwinobwino omwe angopangidwa kumene. Kwenikweni, tawonetsa njira yatsopano ya kufa kwa maselo. Tikamadziwa kwambiri njira za imfa ya maselo, timamvetsetsa bwino momwe tingapiririre matenda osiyanasiyana, makamaka khansa, "adatero Pulofesa Hilla Toledano, mkulu wa Dipatimenti ya Biology ya Anthu ku yunivesite ya Haifa komanso wolemba kafukufukuyu.
Magwero a minyewa ingapo ya thupi, kuphatikiza khungu, tsitsi, m'mimba, ndi ma testicles, amatha kutsatiridwa mpaka ku ma cell cell. Mwa kupereka mosalekeza maselo atsopano kuti alowe m'malo akale, maselo amphamvu amenewa amathandiza kuti minofu ibwerenso. Selo lililonse la tsinde pochita zimenezi limagawanika kukhala maselo aŵiri, amene amasungidwa kuti adzagwiritsidwe ntchito m’tsogolo ndipo winawo amakula n’kutenga malo a selo yotayika mu minofuyo.
Pakafukufuku wamakono, Pulofesa Toledano, Pulofesa Estee Kurant, ndi gulu la asayansi ochokera ku yunivesite ya Haifa anayang'ana maselo a kugonana a ntchentche za zipatso. Popeza kuti mamolekyu ambiri mu ntchentche za zipatso ndi anthu ndi ofanana, angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chitsanzo chothandiza pazochitikazi.
Maphunziro a ntchentche za zipatso ndi othandiza chifukwa chokhoza kuyang'anira zochitika zamagulu amoyo komanso kuphweka kwa kusintha kwa majini, komwe kumapangitsa kuti munthu adziwe bwino momwe ma cell akuyendera. Mphotho zisanu ndi imodzi za Nobel zaperekedwa kwa zaka zonse kwa asayansi omwe adapeza njira zamoyo mu ntchentche za zipatso zomwe zimasungidwa mwa anthu.
Monga tanena kale, kugawikana kwa cell stem kukhala ma cell awiri - stem cell ndi cell yotchedwa progenitor - kumayamba kusiyanitsa kwa umuna mu ntchentche zachimuna. Izi zimapitirira mpaka umuna wogwira ntchito upangidwe. Ofufuzawo adadziwa kale kuti gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a maselo obadwa nawo amawonongeka ndipo samakula kukhala umuna kuchokera kumaphunziro akale. Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kumvetsetsa bwino zomwe zimachitika ku maselowa.
Thupi lili ndi njira yokhazikika komanso yofunika kwambiri yomwe imatchedwa kufa kwa maselo. M’mikhalidwe yabwinobwino, maselo amatha “kudzipha” pamene masinthidwe aakulu achitika kapena atakwaniritsa cholinga chawo. Ma phagocyte amabwera "kudya" maselo akufa, kuchotsa zomwe zili mkati mwake ndikuzisungunula. Zimadziwika kuti phagocytes nthawi zina "amadya" maselo a chitetezo cha mthupi omwe amaliza ntchito yawo yoteteza thupi kwa olowa.
Pakafukufuku wamakono, ochita kafukufuku adapeza kuti phagocytes "amapha" gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a maselo a progenitor mu testis ngakhale kuti maselowa sakuchita chilichonse "cholakwika" ndipo amangokhalira kusiyanitsa; akadali maselo atsopano ndipo sali achilendo m'mbali zonse.
Mu gawo loyamba, ochita kafukufuku adalepheretsa kudya kwa phagocytes ndipo sanapeze maselo akufa mu minofu. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, phagocytes ndi omwe amachititsa imfa ya maselo oyambirira.
Mu gawo lachiwiri, ochita kafukufuku adagwiritsa ntchito kujambula kwa nthawi yeniyeni kuti ayang'ane minofu yamoyo ndipo adapeza kuti maselo obadwa nawo amamezedwa amoyo ndi phagocyte, ndipo pokhapokha imfa imayamba. "Tidapeza koyamba njira yophatikizira "kupha" kwa maselo abwinobwino. Sitikudziwabe chifukwa chake izi zimachitika. Mwina ndondomekoyi ikufuna kupereka zakudya kuti zisungidwe ndi maselo a tsinde moyo wonse wa chamoyocho" Pulofesa Toledano adanenanso.
Kuphatikiza pa kumvetsetsa kwa njira yatsopano, phunziroli likhoza kuthandizira ku luso lathu lopanga mankhwala ndi njira zothetsera imfa ya maselo, makamaka, pochiza khansa. “Zotupa zimadziwika ndi kukula kosalekeza komanso kusokonezeka kwa kufa kwa maselo achilengedwe. Ngati titha kuyambitsa ma phagocytes munjira iyi yomwe imatha kuthetsa ma cell a khansa yamoyo, titha kuwongolera kukula kwa chotupacho. Tikamaphunzira zambiri za mmene maselo amafa, m’pamenenso tingathe kugwiritsa ntchito bwino njira zimenezi kuti tichotsere maselo a khansa,” anamaliza motero Pulofesa Toledano.
"Ma cell a phagocytic cysts ku Drosophila testis amachotsa majeremusi obadwa nawo kudzera pa phagoptosis" ndi Maayan Zohar-Fux, Aya Ben-Hamo-Arad, Tal Arad, Marina Volin, Boris Shklyar, Ketty Hakim-Mishnaevski, Lilach Porat-Kuperstein, Estee Kurant ndi Hila Toledano, 17 June 2022, Kupita Patsogolo kwa Sayansi.
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm4937
