Colombia, Spain ndi fuko la Bolivia mkangano womwe gulu lawo ndi chuma chake zidamira munyanja ya Caribbean
Kumapeto kwa Meyi 1708, gulu lankhondo laku Spain "San Jose" linanyamuka kuchokera ku Panama kupita kudziko lakwawo. Pali chuma chachikulu m'bwaloli - zosungiramo zadzaza ndi matani 200 a golidi, siliva, ndalama, emarodi, ndi zina zotero, zotengedwa kuchokera kumadera aku Caribbean. Mfumu Philip V inadalira zinthu zimenezi kuti zithandizire pankhondo ya nkhondo ya ku Spain. Komabe, pa June 8, "San Jose" adakumana ndi zombo zankhondo zaku Britain. Pakati pa nkhondoyi, moto umayamba ndipo patapita maola sitimayo imatenga ulendo wake womaliza - mpaka pansi pa nyanja, kukokera antchito 600 ndi chuma. Galeon ya ku Spain ndi chuma chake chosawerengeka chinakhala nthano yosalekeza kukopa akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale ndi osaka chuma.
Galeonyo inali ndi mizinga 64, migolo yake yomwe inali yokongoletsedwa ndi zojambula zapadera za ma dolphin. Mu 2015, boma la Colombia lidalengeza modabwitsa kuti gulu lankhondo lapezeka. “Chuma chimenechi ndi chamtengo wapatali kwambiri chimene chinapezedwa m’mbiri ya anthu,” anasangalala kwambiri pulezidenti wa panthaŵiyo wa Colombia, Juan Manuel Santos. Koma kuya kwakukulu kumapangitsa kufufuza kukhala kovuta komanso kochedwa. Panali pa Novembara 27, 2018 pomwe sitima yapamadzi ya REMUS 6000 ya maloboti a Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution yochokera ku US idayandikira sitimayo ndikutha kujambula zithunzi zangoziyo, kuphatikiza mizinga yamkuwa yapadera yojambulidwa ndi ma dolphin. Zina mwazithunzi zapansi pamadzi zidawonetsedwa masiku apitawo. Amasonyeza ndalama, zokongoletsera, zadothi, zoumba, ndi zina zotero. Zomwe zimawonekeranso ndi uta wa galleon ndi mbali za chombo chake chophimbidwa ndi udzu wa m'nyanja ndi zipolopolo.
Akuluakulu ku Bogotá akusunga malowa mwachinsinsi, koma San Jose akukhulupirira kuti ili pansi pafupifupi 40km kuchokera ku doko la Cartagena de Indias. Katundu wake akuti ndi wamtengo wapatali pakati pa $1 biliyoni ndi $2 biliyoni pamitengo yamasiku ano. Chilichonse chikadali mu gawo lofufuzira ndipo kuyerekezera kwa mtengo wa chuma kumakhala kokhazikika - zomwe zapezedwa ndi tsogolo lawo zabisika mwachinsinsi, ndipo kuchotsa kwawo kudzakhala ntchito yovuta kwambiri komanso yodula.
Ndi chuma cha ndani?
Izi zakhala zikutsutsana kwa zaka zambiri. Colombia ikuganiza kuti ili ndi ufulu wonse, popeza "San Jose" idapezeka m'madzi ake. Koma Spain ilinso ndi zonena - pambuyo pake, sitimayo yomwe idawonongeka inali gawo la zombo zake. Amwenye a fuko la Khara-Khara la Bolivia amakhulupiriranso kuti gawo la chuma ndi lawo, chifukwa limachokera m'matumbo a mayiko awo ndipo linakumbidwa ndi makolo awo (Bolivia ndi mgodi waukulu kwambiri wa siliva padziko lapansi).
Akuluakulu a boma ku Bogotá akutsutsananso ndi makampani apadera, omwe akuyesera kutsimikizira m'makhoti ndi ma arbitrations kuti ali ndi ufulu wopeza gawo lazopeza zamtengo wapatali zomwe zili pansi. Kampani yaku America Sea Search Armada (SSA) imati idapeza ngalawayo koyambirira kwa 1980s ndipo monga wopeza woyamba ali ndi ufulu wopeza 50% yazinthu zonse. A SSA anali ndi mgwirizano ndi Purezidenti wakale wa Colombia Juan Manuel Santos kuti agawane chumacho, Khothi Lalikulu ku Bogotá likutsimikizira. Koma kampani ya ku America ikulephera kutsimikizira kuti ndiyo yoyamba kutulukira, chifukwa zogwirizanitsa zomwe zikuwonetsedwa sizikugwirizana ndi malo enieni a galleon.
Mkangano wina umabuka - ndi Maritime Archaeology Consultants (MAC), omwe akufuna gawo la 45%, chifukwa adalandira chilolezo ndipo adagwira nawo ntchito zofufuza bwino. Khotilo linagamula kuti 45% yomwe ikufunsidwayo sikutanthauza zonse zomwe zapezedwa, koma kuzinthu zosafunika - chirichonse chamtengo wapatali ku "San Jose" ndi gawo la chikhalidwe cha dziko la Bolivia ndipo sichiyenera "kugawanika". Mkanganowo udafika kukhothi la boma - kampani yawoyawo idasumira mlandu wa madola mabiliyoni 17, ndikuumirira kuti dziko la Colombia lili ndi ngongole yokulirapo pamitengo yokonzekera maulendo apansi pamadzi komanso kusakwaniritsa mgwirizano…
Akuluakulu aboma ku Bogotá ali ndi mapulani opangira nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale ku Cartagena kuti awonetse chuma ndi ziwonetsero zina kuchokera pakuwonongeka kwa sitima yodziwika bwino. Ndipo osati kuchokera kwa iye yekha - pafupi ndi "San Jose" osambira adakumana ndi zombo zina ziwiri zomwe zidamira, komanso zinthu zina 13 zomwe siziyenera kuphunziridwa. Amakhulupirira kuti pali mazana a zombo zakale ndi zakale zomwe zili pansi pa nyanja yozungulira, zomwe zikuyembekezeranso kutulukira.
