Eunomians - 1. Potsutsana ndi iwo aluso la kulankhula ndi mawu anga. Ndipo kuyambira m’Malemba: “Nditsutsana nawe, wonyada iwe” ( Yer. 50:31 ) – m’kuphunzitsa, m’kumva ndi m’malingaliro. Chifukwa alipo, inde, pali anthu amene makutu awo “amazunzika” ndi mawu athu ( 2 Tim. 4:3 ) ndipo lilime lawo limayabwa, ndipo monga ine ndikuona, manja awo amayabwanso;[1] kwa iwo “zachabechabe zonyansa; … zotsutsa za sayansi yabodza” (1 Tim. 6:20) ndi “kulankhula” kopanda pake (1 Tim. 6:4). Ichi ndi chimene Paulo amachitcha kuchulukira ndi kupsinja mopitirira muyeso mu malankhulidwe - wolengeza ndi wotsimikizira wa "mawu aafupi" (cf. Aroma 9:28, Yes. 10:23), wophunzira ndi mphunzitsi wa asodzi. Ndikadakhala kuti iwo amene ndikulankhula nawo akadalimbikira momwemo m’zochita zawo,[2] monga lilime lawo lili losinthasintha ndi laluso, akusankha mawu apamwamba ndi odabwitsa. Zikatero ochepa, mwina ocheperapo kuposa pano, angalowe muzinthu zopusa ndi zachilendo izi, ndipo, kuyika mawu oseketsa a chinthu chopusa kwenikweni, ma acrobatics ndi mawu.
2. Kuwononga njira zonse zaumulungu,[3] iwo amangoganizira za “kumanga” kapena “kumasula” ( Dan. 5:12 ) nkhani zina, monga otenga nawo mbali m’zionetsero za m’bwalo la maseŵero, kusakhala ndi kulimbana koteroko kumene kungabweretse. chigonjetso molingana ndi malamulo omenyera nkhondo kwenikweni, komanso monga kukopa maso ndikutamanda anthu, omwe anali asanawonepo chilichonse chonga icho. Mabwalo aliwonse amayenera kukhala omveka ndi malingaliro awo, paphwando lililonse kukhumudwa kwa macheza awo opanda pake, phwando lililonse lizikhala lopanda chisangalalo komanso lodzaza ndi mdima, pamaliro aliwonse chisoni chitonthozedwe ndi malingaliro omwe ali ndi zoyipa zazikulu, komanso m'zipinda za akazi - pachifuwa ichi. wa kuphweka – kuchotsa zotsalazo, pokwatula duwa la manyazi ndi kupotoza mawu.
Zikafika pamenepo, chiwonongekocho chakhala chosaimitsidwa ndi chosapiririka, kotero kuti ngakhale “chinsinsi chachikulu” ( 1 Tim. 3:16 ) cha chikhulupiriro chathu chikhoza kuchepetsedwa kukhala ntchito ina yaluso, ndi “mimba” ya atateyo. amasonkhezeredwa, ndipo mtima, m’mawu a Yeremiya waumulungu, ukuzunzika ndi malingaliro (cf. zonse zotheka, kwa kamphindi, tcherani khutu ku zomwe tidzanena.
Mulimonsemo, sizidzakuvulazani! Pakuti mawu anga adzafika “m’makutu a iwo akumva” ( Sir. 25:12 ) ndi kubala zipatso kwa inu (monga wofesayo amafesa ( Mat. 13:3 , ndi zina zotero ) mawu ake mu moyo wa aliyense, koma “ ibala zipatso.” ( Mat. 13:23 ) Chokhacho chimene chili chabwino ndi chobala zipatso), kapena mudzatiseka ndi kusiya, mutapeza zinthu zatsopano zotsutsa ndi zamwano, ndipo zimenezi zidzabweretsa chisangalalo chatsopano. Musadabwe ngati mumva kanthu kotsutsana ndi mwambo wanu, chimene chikuwoneka chachilendo kwa inu, ngakhale ndi chibwana cha unyamata ndi kulimba mtima (kusakhumudwitsa aliyense ndi kunena mosadziwa ndi molimba mtima) mulengeza kuti mumadziwa zonse, ndipo mumadziyesa ngati mumaphunzira. chirichonse.
3. Osati kwa aliyense - eh, inu! - si aliyense amene amapatsidwa kuganiza za Mulungu.[4] Sichinthu chopezedwa mosavuta osati ndi zokwawa zapadziko lapansi. Ndidzawonjezeranso - osati nthawi zonse, osati pamaso pa aliyense komanso osati zonse, koma munthu ayenera kudziwa nthawi, pamaso pa ndani komanso mochuluka bwanji.
Osati kwa aliyense, chifukwa anthu amene adadziyesa okha ndi kupita patsogolo m'malingaliro [5] akhoza kuchita izi, omwe ayeretsa (kapena kuyeretsa) moyo ndi thupi lawo. Tacikonzyi kukkomaninwa a Muuya uusalala, nkokuti kuli baabo batabona mbuli buzuba bwa zuba.[6]
Zidzatheka liti? - Pamene tapeza mpumulo ku "matope" akunja ndi chisokonezo, ndipo mfundo yotsogolera mwa ife[7] sichimasakanikirana ndi mafano osayenera ndi oyendayenda, monga kukongola kwa malemba ena osakanikirana ndi ena omwe ali oipa amavutika, kapena kununkhira kwa mafuta onunkhira osakanizidwa ndi matope Ndikofunikira kuti tifikedi pa mpumulo ( Sal. 45:11 ), kuti tidziwe Mulungu ndipo, kusankha mphindi, kuweruza ( Sal. 74:3 ) za choonadi cha chiphunzitso chaumulungu. .
Pamaso pa ndani? - Kwa iwo omwe amayang'ana izi mozama, osadzitangwanitsa okha panjira, kotero kuti amalankhula mokondwera pambuyo pa mpikisano wa akavalo, mawonetsero, nyimbo, pambuyo pa kukhutitsidwa kwamatumbo, kapena chirichonse chomwe chidakali pansi. za izo, chifukwa gawo la chisangalalo ndi kwa iwo kukangana ndi kupambana mu kukhwima kwa mikangano yawo.
Pomaliza, kodi “filosofi” ingakhale yotani ndipo mpaka pati? - Pa zomwe zili zamphamvu kwa ife komanso momwe womvera ali ndi malingaliro pa izo ndi kukhoza kuzizindikira. Kupanda kutero, oponderezedwa ndi oponderezedwa (ndiroleni ine ndifotokoze) ndi intractability wa ziphunzitso zovuta, iwo adzataya mphamvu zawo zoyambirira, monga amene overdo mphamvu ya phokoso ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya kuwononga kumva ndi matupi awo, kapena, ngati inu mungafune. , monga amene amafikira katundu woposa mphamvu zawo avulaza matupi awo, kapena monga mvula yamphamvu ichitira zoipa panthaka.
4. Sindikutanthauza kuti munthu sayenera kukumbukira Mulungu nthawi zonse. Lolani iwo omwe ali okonzeka nthawi zonse ndi ofulumira mu mayankho awo asakhale ofulumira kutitsutsa! Kukumbukira Mulungu n’kofunika kwambiri kuposa kupuma, ndipo tinganene kuti palibenso chinthu china chimene chiyenera kuchitika ndiponso chimene sichiyenera kuchitika. Ndine m’modzi mwa anthu amene amamamatira ku mawu amene amandilamula ‘kusinkhasinkha usana ndi usiku’ ( Sal. 1:2 ), “madzulo ndi m’maŵa ndi masana kupemphera” ( Sal. 54:18 ), “kudalitsa Yehova.” Ambuye nthawi zonse” (Masalmo 33:2). Ngati n’koyenera, tidzawonjezeranso mawu a Mose akuti: “Pokhala pansi m’nyumba zanu, ndi poyenda inu panjira, ndi pogona inu pansi, ndi pouka inu.” ( Deuteronomo 6:7 ); china chilichonse chimene chachitidwa kuti chikumbutsochi chititsogolere ku ungwiro. Chotero ine ndikuletsa, osati kukumbukira kosalekeza kwa Mulungu uku, koma zamulungu, ndipo osati zamulungu nkomwe monga zonyansa, koma zimene ziri zosayenera; kapena chiphunzitso cha lye, koma chiphunzitso chopanda malire. Uchi, ngakhale uchi, ukamwedwa mopitirira muyeso mpaka kufinya, umayambitsa kusanza (onaninso Miyambo 25:27). Kulingalira monga Solomo: “…kanthu kalikonse kali ndi nthawi yake” (Mlal. 3:1). Ngakhale kukongola sikuli kokongola ngati kuli kopanda malo, monga momwe duwa lachisanu liri losayenerera, mkazi samagwirizana ndi zovala za amuna nkomwe (kapena mwamuna wamkazi), geometry siigwira ntchito panthawi yachisoni ndi misozi nthawi. chakumwa.[8] ] Kodi sitilemekeza kusungitsa nthaŵi ndendende kumene kuyenera kugogomezeredwa kwambiri?
5. Ayi, abwenzi anga, abale anga! Ndimatchabe inu abale, ngakhale simuchita ngati abale. Sitidzaganiza choncho, kapena, monga akavalo otenthedwa ndi osadziletsa (cf. Sal. 31:9), kuponya wokwerapo wathu, kulingalira, ndi kumasula “zingwe” zodalirika ( Sal. 31:9 ) za ulemu, kuthaŵa kupitirira malire maudindo oikidwa, koma “tidzapanga filosofi”[9] mkati mwa malire athu oikika, osasamukira ku Igupto, kapena kulola kutikokera ku Asuri, kotero kuti ‘tidzaimbire nyimbo ya Yehova m’dziko lachilendo’ ( Sal. 136 ) : 4) - tidzanena m'makutu a aliyense, akhale wachilendo kapena wathu, wankhanza kapena waubwenzi, wachifundo kapena wopanda chifundo, amene adzatiyang'anitsitsa, ndipo angafune kuti chiwopsezo cha zoipa mwa ife chikhale lawi lamoto, chidzayaka. ndi kuulutsa, ndipo, mosasamala kanthu zabisika, ndi zoyesayesa zake adzamukwezera kumwamba ndi kumukweza kuposa lawi loyaka moto la ku Babulo (Dan. 3:22). Polephera kupeza nyonga m’ziphunzitso zawozawo, iwo amafuna kuzipeza mwa kufooketsa kufooka kwathu. Chotero, mofanana ndi ntchentche zimene zatera pabala, iwo akuwonjezera kuti, “Sindidziŵa kuti ndendende iti, kaya ndi zolephera zathu kapena machimo athu.
Ayi, sitidzakhalanso osadziwa, kapena kuleka kulemekeza zoyenerera. Zikaonekera kukhala zosatheka kugonjetsa udani, ngakhale pang'ono tidzavomereza kulankhula mwachinsinsi za zobisika, za oyera - oyera, komanso kuti tisabweretse ku makutu a anthu osapembedza zomwe sizingalengezedwe.[10] Sitidzadzionetsera kuti ndife osayenera kuposa olambira ziwanda ndi atumiki a nthano zonyansa ndi machitidwe, okonzeka kukhetsa magazi awo m'malo mopereka ziphunzitso zawo kwa anthu osazindikira. Ndipo tidzadziwa kuti m’kulankhula ndi kukhala chete, monga m’zovala, chakudya, kuseka ndi kuyenda, pali kuyenerana kwina. Komanso, pakati pa mayina ndi mphamvu mwa Mulungu timapembedza "mawu". Ndipo chikondi chathu cha mikangano chikhalebe cha anthu wamba.
6. N’chifukwa chiyani woweruza wankhanza wa mawu athu ayenera kumva za kubadwa kwa Mulungu, za chilengedwe [chake], za “Mulungu wopanda kanthu”, za kugawanika, kugawanika ndi kuwonongeka? [11] N’chifukwa chiyani timasankha otiimba mlandu kukhala oweruza? N’chifukwa chiyani timaika lupanga m’manja mwa adani? Mukuganiza kuti adzalandira bwanji mawu athu pa zonsezi, ndi maganizo otani munthu amene amavomereza chigololo ndi chivundi cha ana, amene amapembedza zilakolako, ndipo sangathe kulingalira kanthu koposa thupi; munthu amene mpaka posachedwapa adadzipangira milungu, yodziwika ndi zochititsa manyazi kwambiri? Kodi si zakuthupi? Kapena m'njira yodabwitsa? Kapena mbuli? Kodi sizikhala bizinesi mwanthawi zonse kwa iye? Ndipo kodi sadzasandutsa chiphunzitso chanu chaumulungu kukhala chotsimikizira milungu yake ndi zilakolako zake? Chifukwa ngati tigwiritsa ntchito mawu amenewa pochita zoipa, kudzakhala kovuta kuwatsimikizira kuti “azikonda nzeru” limodzi nawo, monga mmene zingatichitikire ifeyo,[12] ngati iwowo ndi amene anayambitsa zoipa ( Aroma 1:30 ) kukana mwayi umene wapatsidwa? Nazi zotsatira za nkhondo pakati pathu! Ndicho chimene iwo amene amamenyera Mawu mwakhama kwambiri kuposa kukondweretsa Mawu enieniwo amafikako. Amakumana ndi tsoka lofanana ndi la anthu amisala amene amawotcha nyumba zawo, kuzunza ana awo, kapena kuthamangitsa makolo awo monga alendo.
7. Tsopano popeza tachotsa chilichonse chowonjezera m’mawu athu, ndi kutumiza “khamu lambiri lankhondo” lopita kuphompho mu gulu la nkhumba ( Marko 5:9-13, Luka 8:30-33 ), tiyeni titembenukire kwa ife tokha. ndipo monga chiboliboli timapukuta zamulungu ku kukongola kwake kwenikweni.
Koma choyamba, tiyeni tikambirane kaye kulambira kolankhula komanso kulankhula mawu achipongwe. Kodi matenda atsopano ndi kususuka ndi chiyani? Chifukwa chiyani, pomanga manja athu, tanyamula lilime? Kodi sitiyamika kuchereza alendo? Kodi sitimayamikira chikondi cha pa abale, chikondi cha paukwati, unamwali, kusamalira osauka, masalmo, kulondera usiku wonse, misozi? Kodi sitilemetsa matupi athu ndi kusala kudya (onani 1 Akorinto 9:27)? Kodi sitikwera m’pemphero kwa Mulungu? Kodi sitigonjera zoipitsitsa kuti zikhale zabwino, ndikutanthauza "fumbi lapansi" (Gen. 2: 7) - ku mzimu, kuweruza moyenerera mapangidwe athu? Kodi sitipanga moyo wathu kukhala “wosamalira imfa”?[13] Kodi sitidzipanga tokha olamulira zilakolako, tikumakumbukira ulemerero wochokera kumwamba? Kodi sitikuweramitsa mkwiyo umene umatichititsa kuti tipitirire kupitirira ife eni ndi kupita mopanda nzeru? Kodi zimenezi sizikukhudzanso kudzikweza kochititsa manyazi (onani Luka 18:14; Sal. 72:8 ), chisoni chopusa, zosangalatsa zosadziletsa, kuseka kopanda manyazi, kuoneka mwachipongwe, kumva kosakhutitsidwa, kulankhula mopanda malire, kulankhula mopanda malire. maganizo osayenera, ponena za zonse za Woipayo (zimene, molingana ndi Malemba, zimabweretsa chiwonongeko “pamazenera” [ndiko kuti, kupyolera m’malingaliro]) – zotanganidwa ndi ife ndi zolunjika pa ife?
Zonse ndi zosiyana. Timapereka ufulu ku zilakolako za ena, monga mafumu alekerera ogonjetsedwa, pokhapokha ngati ali othandiza kwa ife ndipo akutsogoleredwa molimba mtima ndi "opembedza" motsutsana ndi Mulungu, kupereka chochitika choipa komanso kubwezera koipa - kudzifunira posinthanitsa. chifukwa cha kuipa.
8. Koma, dialectician ndi chatterbox, ndikufunsani zambiri, ndipo "mundifotokozera" (Yobu 38:3), monga momwe Mneneri kudzera mumkuntho ndi mitambo amanenera Yobu. Mukuganiza bwanji, kodi pali malo ambiri okhalamo Mulungu kapena amodzi? - Mosakayikira mudzati: "Ambiri, osati mmodzi." - Zikatero, zonse ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa, kapena ena inde, ena ayi, kuti akhale opanda pake ndi kulengedwa pachabe (Yohane 14:2)? - "Mwachiwonekere aliyense, chifukwa palibe cholengedwa ndi Mulungu ndichachabe." Ndipo munganene momwe mukuona kuti malowo ndi: mtendere ndi ulemerero pa tsiku lomaliza, zosungidwira odalitsika, kapena zina? - "Inde, ndiye, palibenso china." - Timavomereza apa. Tsopano tiyeni titchere khutu ku zotsatirazi: Kodi, monga momwe ndikuganizira, pali china chake chomwe chimabisala m'mabwalo awa, kapena palibe chinthu choterocho? - "Zowonadi zilipo." - Ndipo ndi chiyani? - "Pali njira zosiyanasiyana za moyo ndi zosankha zosiyanasiyana, zomwe, malinga ndi mlingo wa chikhulupiriro (onani Aroma 12: 6), zimatsogoleranso njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo pachifukwa ichi timatcha "misewu". - Koma njira zonse ziyenera kutsatiridwa kapena zina zokha? - “Ngati ndi kotheka kwa munthu mmodzi, zitheke kwa onse. Ngati iye sangakhoze kupita pa onse a iwo, msiyeni iye apitirire mochuluka momwe angathere.
Ngati zimenezonso n’zosatheka, lolani ena atsatire. Komabe, popeza ngakhale izi sizingatheke, monga momwe ndikuwonekera, chingakhale chinthu chabwino kutsatira. ” - Mwachita bwino. Ndipo mukamva mawu akuti njira ili imodzi ndi yopapatiza ( Mat. 7:14 ) mukuganiza kuti tanthauzo lake n’lotani? - “Iye ali mmodzi pa ukoma, chifukwa uli umodzi, ngakhale ugawanika mitundu yambiri. Ndi yopapatiza chifukwa ndi yovuta kuitsatira komanso chifukwa ndi yosadutsa adani ake ambiri omwe asankha njira yoipa.' - Ndili ndi lingaliro lomwelo.
Pamenepo, okondedwa anga, popeza muyesa kuti mwapeza chiphunzitso chathu kukhala chochepa, mwasiyiranji njira zina zonse, ndi kuthamangira m’mene mukuwona ngati njira ya kulingalira ndi kulingalira; Ndikuganiza, ndi njira ya miseche ndi zopanda pake. Lekani Paulo akuweruzeni, amene, pofotokoza za mphatsozo, akutsutsa mwankhanza izi ndi mawu akuti: “Kodi onsewo ndi atumwi? Kodi onse ali aneneri?” ndi zina ( 1 12:29 ].[14]
9. Mukwezedwe, mukhale pamwamba pa okwezeka, mungakhale, ngati mufuna, ngakhale pamwamba pa mitambo, inu - wopenya wosaonekayo, wakumva "mawu osanenedwa" ( 2 Akor. 12: 4 ) monga Eliya ( 4 Mafumu 2:11 ), kulemekezedwa ndi epiphany monga Mose ( Eks. 2:3, 19:20, 33:18-23 ), wakumwamba monga Paulo ( 2 12:2 ]! Koma nchifukwa ninji mupanganso oyera mtima ena m’tsiku limodzi, ndi kuwaika aphunziro aumulungu, monga ngati muwalowetsa m’maphunziro, ndi kupanga mipingo yambiri ya alembi osadziwa? N'chifukwa chiyani mumakulunga ofooka mu ukonde, kuwakopa kuti ichi ndi chinthu chanzeru ndi chachikulu? N’cifukwa ciani mumatsogolela mavu ku cikhulupililo?[15] N’cifukwa ciani mukuona kuti amithenga otitsutsa akuchulukana, monga mmene nthano zakale zimaimila mphutsi? N’chifukwa chiyani muunjikira pamodzi ngati zinyalala m’dzenje amuna otere amene mukuwapeza opanda pake ndi opanda umuna, ndipo mwachiphamaso mumawapangitsa kukhala ochuluka, motero mukupanga zinyalala zatsopano zamanyazi, ndi kukolola kupusa kwawo popanda luso?
Ndipo inu mutsutsa zimenezo? Kodi mulibe ntchito ina? Kodi lilime lanu liyenera kulamulira, kotero kuti simungathe kuletsa mawu obala zipatso? Palinso zinthu zina zambiri zofunika kuziganizira. Kumeneko, mopindulitsa kwa iyemwini, analondolera zofowoka zake.
Pythagoras adakhala chete, [16] nyemba za Orphics, [17] kudzikuza kosamveka komwe timapeza m'mawu akuti "Iye anati,"[18] malingaliro a Plato,[19] kusuntha ndi kupotoza kwa miyoyo yathu,[20] the anamnesis,[21] osati konse kukongola zonyansa kukwera kwa moyo, amene amadutsa mu matupi okongola, [22] kuipa kwa Epicurus, maatomu ndi zosangalatsa zosayenerera wanthanthi; [23] mu Aristotle - chiphunzitso chochepa cha kudzipereka, kusakhazikika kwa mawu, ziweruzo za imfa ya moyo ndi kunyozeka kwaumunthu kwa ziphunzitso zake, [24] kudzikuza kwa Stoa,[25] umbombo ndi kudzikuza kwa Osuliza.[26] Kanthani “opanda kanthu” ndi “odzaza,” [27] zopsereza za milungu ndi nsembe, za mafano, za zabwino, ndi za ziwanda zoipa; ukanthe zozizwa zonena za kuwombeza, za kuitana milungu ndi mizimu, za mphamvu ya zounikira zakumwamba.[28] Ndipo ngati simukuwona zonsezi kukhala zoyenera kukambirana, ngati chinthu chopanda pake, komanso zomwe zambiri zanenedwa kale, koma mukufuna kutsatira njira yanu, nanenso ndikuwonetsani gawo lalikulu lofotokozera. Filosofi za dziko (kapena za maiko), za zinthu, za moyo, za zabwino kapena zoipa zomveka bwino, za kuuka kwa akufa, chiweruzo, kubwezera, za masautso a Khristu. Kuchita bwino m'maphunzirowa sikuli kopanda phindu, komanso kulakwitsa sizowopsa. Za Mulungu tsopano tikhoza kulankhulana mocheperapo, koma m’kupita kwa nthaŵi, mwinamwake mwa njira yangwiro kwambiri, tidzalankhula za Yesu Kristu mwiniyo, Ambuye wathu, kwa iye “ulemerero ku nthaŵi za nthaŵi” ( Chiv. 1:6 ). Amene.
Kumasulira: Prof. Dr. Ivan Hristov
* Kwa nthaŵi yoyamba, matembenuzidwe ameneŵa anafalitsidwa mu: Grigoriy Nazianski, Pet bogoslovski slova, predav i studiya Ivan Hristov, S.: “GAL-IKO” 1994, tsamba 25-33; zolembedwa pano zakonzedwa bwino ndi womasulira, ndipo buku latsopano la buku lonse likubwera, lomwe likuyembekezeka kuchitidwa ndi nyumba yosindikizira ya "Iztok-Zapad" (ed. note).
[1] Kupangidwa kwa mawu asanu aumulungu kumatanthauza nthawi ya July-November 380, pamene St. Gregory adagwirizanitsa udindo wake monga bishopu wa Constantinople, pambuyo pa kulephera kwa ma intrigues a Maximus Cynicus (De seipso - PG 37, 728-1112 ; onani 56.12:14-1130). M’nthaŵi imeneyi (Ibid., col. 1272-XNUMX) ambiri a mpatuko anapita kumbali ya Orthodoxy. Komabe, limodzi ndi iwo amene amafuna mikangano ndi kuchita mwachipongwe amabwera kukachisi. Chiwopsezo cha chiwawa sichinali chosatheka. Izo zinali pafupi kufika kamodzi.
[2] M’malemba Achigiriki – “πράξεις”. Khama logwira ntchito la wokhulupirira limapanga imodzi mwa "njira zachipembedzo", zomwe munthu amapita kwa Mulungu (pano - zindikirani 3). Malinga ndi ndemanga ya St. Maximus the Confessor (Ambigua ad Joannem - PG 91, 1240AB), kukwezedwa kwa munthu kumatsatira njira ya "nzeru yogwira ntchito", "kulingalira kwachilengedwe" ndi "kuyambitsa koyera ndi kosaneneka mu nzeru zenizeni zaumulungu ( chinsinsi chamulungu)”.
[3] Kupembedza koona kumakhala mu umodzi wa kulingalira (θεωρία) ndi zochita (πράξεις) - Eliae metropolitae Cretae commentarii mu S. Gregorii Nazianzeni orationes - PG 36, 760A.
[4] Kuyeretsedwa kwa mzimu ku zilakolako za thupi ndi chinthu chofunikira kuti munthu adziwe Mulungu. Mwa iwo, monga achikunja a Platoists, St. Gregory amawona chopinga chachikulu pakukwera kwa kulingalira (onani: Orationes 28, 12 - SC 250, 41AB; Orationes 28, 13 - SC 250, 44B; Orationes 30, 6 - SC 250 ndi, 112b).
[5] M'mawu achi Greek "θεωρία". Gregory samagwirizanitsa malire a munthu ndi thupi lake. Kusazindikira kumakhalanso chiwonetsero chotere cha kusadziwikiratu kwa umunthu (Orationes 30, 20 - col. 129C). Choncho, kufika pamlingo wakutiwakuti mukulingalira m’maganizo ndi mkhalidwe womudziŵa Mulungu.
[6] cf. Plato, Phaedo 67b.
[7] Ndi "matope" (ἴλυς) St. Gregory amamvetsa thupi ndi corporeality (Eliae metropolitae Cretae commentarii mu S. Gregorii Nazianzeni orationes - col. 761CD, cf. Iamblichus, De Mysteriis Aegyptiorum 8, 2).
“Mfundo yotsogolera” (τὸ ἡγεμονικόν) mwa munthu ndi chifukwa. Malinga ndi ziphunzitso za Asitoiki, mzimu uli ndi zigawo zisanu ndi zitatu, ndipo mbali yaikulu ya mzimuwo ndi ya Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta 2 fr. 826-849.
[8] "Zokongola sizokongola ..." - mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri panthawiyo ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi St. Clement wa ku Roma m'buku la apocryphal lonena za maulendo a St. Peter (PG 2, 53B; Eliae metropolitae Cretae commentarii in S. Gregorii Nazianzeni orationes - col. 762A).
"Geometry ... mukumwa" - cf. Mlal. 22:6.
[9] Sitiyenera kudabwa kuti St. Gregory amagwiritsanso ntchito mawu akuti “filosofi” ndi “filosofi” akamanena za zamulungu. Kumbali imodzi, monga St. Athanasius wa ku Alexandria ndi makolo ena onse aku Kapadokiya, kwa iye mawu oti "filosofi" ali ndi zosintha zosinthika ndipo amatanthawuza pamwamba pa zokhumba zonse za munthu kwa Mulungu. Kumbali ina, monga mphindi yabwino mu zamulungu nthawi zingapo, amawona mtundu umodzi kapena wina wamalingaliro afilosofi. Mucikozyanyo camakani aaya aajatikizya kubikkila maano kuzintu zyakumuuya, musyoonto ulaangulukide kuzyiba bulwazi bwakwe kumeso aa Leza akuzumanana kusyomeka kulinguwe. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamene amalankhula za zamulungu monga "filosofi", St. Gregory akutsutsa chikhalidwe chachikunja chachigiriki, kusonyeza kuti chotulukapo chake chapamwamba sichinthu choposa mphindi yocheperapo komanso "yosowa" mu zamulungu. Chifukwa chake, ndakonda kusunga kumasulira kwa liwu lachi Greek monga "filosofi" m'malo molimasulira ngati "nzeru", ndikuliyika m'mawu obwereza kuti owerenga asatenge kwenikweni.
[10] Izi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "disciplina arcani" (kusunga chinsinsi). Moyo wamkati ("wapamtima") wa Mpingo woyambirira ndi masakramenti ake anali kupezeka kwa oyambitsa okha (25, 132).
[11] cf. Zolemba 29, 8 - col. 84c pa. Malinga ndi kunena kwa Arius, Mwana ndi cholengedwa ndipo anapangidwa kukhala “wopanda kanthu” ( ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων). Mwanjira imeneyi kubadwa kwa Mwana kumaganiziridwa m’nthaŵi yake ndipo kumaimiridwa m’zifaniziro zobwereka kuchokera kudziko lowoneka.
[12] Onani apa, chowonadi 9.
[13] cf. Plato, Phaedo 67d, 81a.
[14] Popanda chikhulupiriro, popanda thandizo la chisomo ndi kuvomereza kwake, zamulungu zimakhala njira yokhazikika.
[15] Mu ndakatulo ya mbiri ya moyo wake, St. Gregory akugwiritsa ntchito chithunzichi kwa adani ake pa Second Ecumenical Council (PG 37, 1147A).
[16] Pafupifupi. 532 Pythagoras anakhazikitsa ku Croton (Kummwera kwa Italy) ubale wafilosofi ndi chipembedzo, womwe unadziwika chifukwa cha miyambo yake. Malinga ndi umboni wa Diogenes Laertius, ophunzira ake, atapambana mayeso okhwima a zaka zitatu, anakhala zaka zina zisanu ali chete, akumakhoza kungomvetsera zokamba zake popanda kumuona. Pokhapokha pamene adaloledwa kukhala kwawo ndikumuwona (DL 8, 10).
[17] Orphics ndi Pythagoras ankapewa kugwiritsa ntchito nyemba pazifukwa zachipembedzo.
[18] Ulamuliro wa Pythagoras mu ubale unali wosatsutsika. Iwo amene anakayikira chiphunzitsocho anayankhidwa ndi mawu awa, amene asanduka miyambi.
[19] Plato amazindikiritsa malingaliro ngati mfundo za zinthu (onani, mwachitsanzo, De Respublica 6, 507b). Mu ndemanga yake pa malo operekedwa, Elias wa ku Krete akufotokoza momveka bwino udindo wa St. Gregory, kusonyeza kuti Akhristu amavomereza maganizo, motero amaganiza logos kulenga kwa Mulungu, koma savomereza kutengedwa kwawo kunja kwa Iye monga archetypes mmene Iye amayang'ana (cf. Plato, Timaeus 30c-31a) pamene adalenga dziko lapansi (Eliae metropolitae Cretae commentarii in S. Gregorii Nazianzeni orationes - col. 764BC).
[20] "Kusamuka" (μετενσωμάτωσις) si mawu a Platonic (cf. παλιγγενεσία). Zimapezeka ku Plotinus (Enneades 2, 9, 6; 4, 3, 9). Pa kuzungulira ndi kubadwa kwa miyoyo mwa Plato onani: De Republica 614b-621b, Phaedo 70c-72e, Phaedrus 249a, Timaeus 42b-c.
[21] "Anamnesis" mu Plato - "kukumbukira" ndi moyo wa zomwe adaziwona pambuyo pa imfa, kumene, asanalowe m'thupi, ali ndi mwayi woganizira za "choonadi". Onani Menxenus 80e-86c, Phaedo 72e-77a, Timaeus 41e-42b, Phaedrus 247c-250d.
[22] Onani: Plato, Symposium 210a-212a. "Kukwera" kwa mzimu kupita ku zokongola zokha kumayamba ndi chikhumbo cha matupi okongola. Chilakolako ichi cha mgwirizano wa thupi sichiphatikizanso umuna (cf. Eliae metropolitae Cretae commentarii mu S. Gregorii Nazianzeni orationes - col. 765A).
[23] M'chiphunzitso chake cha makhalidwe abwino, Epicurus amaona chisangalalo (chomveka ngati kusapweteka kwa thupi - ἀπονία ndi kusasunthika kwa moyo - ἀταραξία) monga zabwino kwambiri kwa munthu (DL 10, 131). Pamodzi ndi zimenezi, iye samanyalanyaza zosangalatsa zakuthupi. Kwa Mkristu, “chisangalalo” ndichonso chimwemwe chapamwamba, koma chimaimira chisangalalo china – chopanda chifundo ndi chowona: m’moyo uno ndiko kusangalala ndi ukoma, ndipo wotsatira kukondwera ndi kulambira (Eliae metropolitae Cretae commentarii in S. Gregorii Nazianzeni orationes - col. 765A).
[24] St. Gregory ali ndi malingaliro a nkhani za Padziko Lonse zomwe zimatchedwa Aristotle, kumene ntchito ya mafakitale ya Mulungu imafooka mpaka kufika pa dziko lapansi ndipo imangokhala kokha kudera la dziko la extralunar (De mundo 6).
Malinga ndi Aristotle, malinga ndi momwe moyo uliri ( ἐντελέχεια) wa thupi, sungalekanitsidwe nawo (De anima 2, 1 - 412a19-b9). Komabe, izi sizikukhudza moyo wonse (3, 5 - 430a14-25).
[25] Sukulu ya filosofi ya Stoic imatenga dzina lake kuchokera ku khonde ku Athens (στοά), komwe idakhazikitsidwa m'zaka za zana lachitatu BC. Malinga ndi chiphunzitsochi, kutsata mosasunthika ku "lamulo lachirengedwe" ("tsogolo") kumatsogolera munthu wanzeru kukhala wosagwirizana (ἀπάθεια - Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta 3 fr. 204) ndi kudzidalira (αὐτάρκεια3 Fragρκεια276 Fragfrom XNUMX Stoicorum XNUMX. ). Chifukwa chake kunyada kwa Asitoiki, kuzindikira kwake kosakhala pansi pa zochitika zakunja.
[26] Sukulu ya filosofi ya Osuliza, monga Socrates, imakana lingaliro lachilengedwe la filosofi ya kukhala ndikuwongolera lingaliro la maziko ake omaliza ku dziko lamkati la munthu. Mosiyana ndi Socrates, Komabe, Osuliza amapereka m’njira yachikale kwambiri ndi yachidziŵikire chigamulo chimene chimaperekedwa m’lingaliro ndipo chimapanga nkhani yaikulu ya nkhani ya munthu. Kuteteza chikhalidwe wamba wa munthu, iwo amasiyanitsa izo ndi makhalidwe makhalidwe, misonkhano m'dera ndi udindo polis, amene amaona ngati zoletsa yokumba kuchepetsa ufulu wa munthu ndi zimene demonstratively samalemekeza. Diogenes wa ku Sinop (400-325 BC) adadzipatula makamaka pakukwaniritsa chiphunzitsochi.
[27] "Zopanda kanthu" (τὸ πλῆρες) ndi "zodzaza" (τὸ κενόν) mu chiphunzitso cha ma atomu ndi mfundo zofunika kwambiri za dziko (De generatione et corruptione 325a, Metaphysica 985b6).
[28] Malinga ndi malingaliro a anthu akale, zounikira zakuthambo zimakonzeratu moyo wa munthu. Kupenda nyenyezi kumatsutsana ndi kamvedwe kachikristu ka ufulu wakudzisankhira wa munthu.
