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Sayansi & TekinolojeZakale ZakaleManda a wankhondo waku Mongol wokhala ndi kavalo, saber ndi mivi adapezeka ...

Manda a msilikali wa ku Mongol wokhala ndi kavalo, saber ndi mivi yopezeka ku Transnistria

ZOYENERA KUDZIWA: Zambiri ndi malingaliro omwe atulutsidwanso m'zolembazo ndi omwe akuwanena ndipo ndi udindo wawo. Kusindikizidwa mu The European Times sizikutanthauza kuvomereza maganizo, koma ufulu wofotokoza.

ZOTI ZOTANTHAUZIRA: Zolemba zonse patsamba lino zimasindikizidwa mu Chingerezi. Matembenuzidwe omasuliridwa amachitika kudzera munjira yodzipangira yokha yotchedwa neural Translation. Ngati mukukayikira, nthawi zonse tchulani nkhani yoyamba. Zikomo pomvetsetsa.

Petar Gramatikov
Petar Gramatikovhttps://europeantimes.news
Dr. Petar Gramatikov ndi Mkonzi Wamkulu ndi Mtsogoleri wa The European Times. Ndi membala wa Union of Bulgarian Reporters. Dr. Gramatikov ali zaka zoposa 20 zinachitikira Academic mu mabungwe osiyanasiyana maphunziro apamwamba ku Bulgaria. Iye anapendanso nkhani, zokhudzana ndi mavuto anthanthidwe okhudzidwa ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa malamulo apadziko lonse m’malamulo achipembedzo kumene cholinga chapadera chaperekedwa ku dongosolo lalamulo la New Religious Movements, ufulu wachipembedzo ndi wodzilamulira, ndi maunansi a Boma ndi Tchalitchi kuti akhale ochuluka. -maiko amitundu. Kuphatikiza pa luso lake komanso maphunziro ake, Dr. Gramatikov ali ndi zaka zoposa 10 za Media zomwe ali ndi maudindo monga Mkonzi wa magazini ya "Club Orpheus" ya zokopa alendo - "ORPHEUS CLUB Wellness" PLC, Plovdiv; Katswiri komanso mlembi wa nkhani zachipembedzo za rubriki yapadera ya anthu osamva ku Bulgarian National Television ndipo wavomerezedwa kukhala mtolankhani wa “Help the Needy” Public Newspaper kuofesi ya United Nations ku Geneva, Switzerland.

Pafupi ndi mudzi wa Glinoe, m'chigawo cha Slobodzeya, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale a Pridnestrovia anapeza malo a manda a msilikali wolemekezeka wa ku Mongolia.

Kukhala kwake waukulu wankhondo wapamwamba kwambiri kumatsimikiziridwa ndi gulu la zida komanso maliro a kavalo omwe adakonzedwa pafupi ndi manda, malipoti a novostipmr.com

Ogwira ntchito ku labotale yofufuzira "Archaeology" ya Pridnestrovian State University adapeza izi pophunzira mabala owonongeka. Kufukula, kwenikweni, kupulumutsa - kumakupatsani mwayi wopeza ndi kusunga zinthu zakale zomwe zili ndi mbiri yapadera. Chaka chino, kafukufuku adatheka chifukwa cha thandizo la pulezidenti pansi pa pulogalamu yothandizira ntchito za chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe.

Zina mwa zinthu zakale za manda a msilikaliyo: mivi yachitsulo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana, lupanga ndi saber yaitali, mbali zosiyana za makungwa a birch zasungidwa. Kusanthula koyambirira kwa zinthu izi ndi zinthu za mwambo wa maliro (mawonekedwe a dzenje, kulunjika kwa chigoba) kunapangitsa kuti zitheke kudziwa nthawi yomwe kuikidwa m'manda: uku ndiko kutha kwa zaka za zana la 13 - nthawi ya Kulamulira kwa Golden Horde kumapiri a kumpoto kwa Nyanja ya Black Sea.

Tikayang'ana kukula kwa mafupa, munthu pa moyo wake sanali wamtali - pafupifupi 1.6 mamita. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, saber yomwe inapezeka naye ndi yaitali mamita 1.3. Izi zikuwoneka bwino pachithunzichi. Chophimbacho chili pamafupa a m'mapewa a m'manda, ndipo m'mphepete mwa tsambalo amafika kumunsi kwa mwendo. Msilikaliyo anali ndi thabwa lalitali pafupifupi ngati lake.

Izi zikukamba za mphamvu ndi dexterity wa munthu, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mafupa ake otakata. Maonekedwe a chigaza ndi cheekbones otchuka, nawonso, amalankhula za chiyambi chake cha Mongoloid.

Phodo limasonyeza kuti munthu ameneyu anali wodziwa kuponya mivi. Iye ankadziwa kugwiritsira ntchito mivi yokhala ndi nsonga zosiyanasiyana, yosiyana maonekedwe ndi kulemera kwake. Zina mwa izo ndi zazikulu zitatu-lobe ndi zooneka ngati diamondi.

Akagwiritsidwa ntchito mwaluso pamalo aafupi, ankaboola zida zankhondo ndi makalata aunyolo, zomwe zimawathandiza kwambiri polimbana ndi asilikali oyenda pansi onyamula zida zankhondo kapena apakavalo.

Kwa zaka mazana asanu ndi awiri, dzimbiri zakhala zikupunduka zitsulo, ndipo tsopano ndi zidutswa zachitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale anasonkhanitsa chitsulo chachitsulo pang'onopang'ono. Ndipo zimatenga miyezi ina isanu ndi umodzi kuti abwezeretsenso chinthucho.

Doctor of Historical Sciences Vitaly Sinika, yemwe amatsogolera ulendo wa Research Laboratory "Archaeology", adanena kuti kuikidwa m'manda kwa msilikali wa ku Mongol kungakhale chithunzithunzi cha nkhondo yapakati pa Golden Horde pakati pa Khan Tokhta ndi bwanamkubwa wa madera akumadzulo, Beklarbek Nogay. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 13, Nogai ankalamulira madera a pakati pa mitsinje ya Danube ndi Dnieper ndipo anali wamphamvu kwambiri moti anatsatira mfundo zodziimira pawokha ndipo ankapanga ndalama yakeyake. Ngakhale mfumu ya Byzantium, Michael Palaiologos, anakwatiwa naye, kukwatira mwana wake Euphrosyne kwa Nogai.

Beklyarbek wamphamvu (wolamulira wa olamulira) anathandiza mmodzi wa mbadwa za Genghis Khan Tokhte kupambana kulimbana ndi mphamvu mu gulu la Golden Horde. Koma Tokhtu, yemwe adatenga mpando wachifumu, ankada nkhawa ndi ufulu wa bwenzi lake, zomwe zinayambitsa nkhondo yankhondo. Nkhondo pakati pa Nogay ndi Tokhta, malinga ndi magwero achiarabu, inachitika mu 1300 m'malo a Kukanlyk. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amatchula dzinali m'njira zosiyanasiyana: ena amakhulupirira kuti ili ndi nyanja ya Kuyalnik, ena amakhulupirira kuti tikukamba za Nyanja ya Kuchurgan. Njira imodzi kapena imzake, koma nkhondoyo inatha ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi imfa ya Nogai.

N'zotheka kuti msilikali wa ku Mongolia wochokera kufupi ndi Glinoye adagwira nawo nkhondo iyi ya Kukanlyk, yomwe inachitika penapake pakati pa Dniester ndi Southern Bug. Akhoza kuvulazidwa kwambiri ndi kufa panthawi yothawa otsalira a Nogai. Pakadali pano, iyi ndi mtundu chabe, kafukufuku wina angatsimikizire kapena kutsutsa. Ndipo mfundo yakuti zinthu zakale zokumbidwa pansi zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kupeza mbewu zatsopano za mbiri yakale ya Pridnestrovie zimatsimikiziridwa nyengo iliyonse.

Gwero novostipmr.com

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