MUTU XIII
A Fairies, Afiti, Agypsy,
Mtima wanga unayimba kwa ine,
Sua Gypsies, Fairies, Mfiti,
Inenso ndikusangalala nanu.”
(“Denham Tract.”)
DR. KRAUSS ali m'buku lake, "Sreca, Gluck und Schicksal im Volksglauben der Südslaven," adasonkhanitsa mawu angapo ponena za mutu wake, womwe ndatengako, ndikuwonjezeranso kuchokera kuzinthu zina.
Za mkazi woipa wina anena, monga m’zinenero zonse,Kuti vila“—ndiko kuti, “mfiti”; kapena kunenedwa kapena kung'ung'udza ngati, "To je vila ljutica“—ndiko kuti, “mfiti yoluma (kapena yowawa)”; kapena kwa mkazi amene samukonda,”Idi vilo!“—”Choka, mfiti!” monga ku gypsy, "Jasa tu chovihani! "
Komanso, monga mu German, ".Ako i je baba, nje vjestica“—”Ngakhale ndi nkhalamba si mfiti”; pamene, kumbali ina, tili ndi, "Svake baba viestica, ndi djed vjestac"-" Mkazi wokalamba aliyense ndi mfiti, ndipo mwamuna aliyense wachikulire ndi mfiti.
Mwambi wakuti, “Bizi ko vistica od biloga luka“—” amachithamangira monga mfiti yochokera ku adyo woyera”—adzafotokozedwa mokwanira m’mutu wakuti “Machiritso a Ana,” mmene zikusonyezedwa kuti kuyambira kale adyo wakhala mankhwala odziwika bwino a mfiti. .
Mwambi wina ndi wakuti, “Uzkostrsila se ko vistica“—” Tsitsi lake nlopiringizika, kapena lopindika, ngati la mfiti”; English gypsy, "Lâkis balia shan risserdi sâr i chovihanis.” Koma izi zili ndi tanthauzo losiyanako pang’ono, popeza m’Chisilavoni amatanthauza maloko omatira, ooneka ngati zakuthengo, pamene Chiromany n’chikhulupiriro chakuti tsitsi la mfiti limakhala lopiringizika kumapeto kokha.
Ogwirizana ndi izi ndi mwambi wakuti, "Izgleda kao aa su ga coprnice doniele sa Ivanjscica“—” Akuwoneka ngati kuti mfiti zidamuchitira (kapena kumubweretsa kutali, ‘kumutenga’) pa Eva wa Yohane Woyera”; English Romany, "Yuv dikela sá soved a lay sar a chovihani“—” Akuwoneka ngati anagona ndi mfiti.
"Svaka vracara s vrazje strane“—”Mfiti iliyonse ili m’gulu la mdierekezi”—ndiko kuti, iye wagulitsa moyo wake kwa iye ndipo ali m’zofuna zake. Izi zikugwirizana ndi mawu akuti, "Kodi mungatani kuti mukhale osangalala?“—”Kodi mfiti ipite kuti ngati si kwa abale ake kapena, “Mbalame za nthenga zimawuluka pamodzi.”
"Kulibe vuto“—“Mfiti zimam’kwera”—zikunena za chikhulupiriro chakale ndi cha padziko lonse chakuti mfiti zimasandutsa anthu kukhala nyama ndi kuwakwera m’tulo.
Mtengo wa hazel ndi mtedza zimagwirizana ndi zauzimu kapena zamatsenga
mayiko ambiri. Kwa ndodo yoombeza, yomwe-ili, malinga ndi "La Grande Bacchetta Divinatoria O Verga rivelatrice" ya Abbate Valmont, chida chachikulu chamatsenga ndi zodabwitsa zonse, iyenera kupangidwa ndi "ndi ramo forcuto di nocciuòlo“—nthambi yamsongole ya mtedza wa hazel”—potero mwambi wakuti, “Vracarice, coprnjice, kuko ljeskova!”—“Wamatsenga, mfiti, ndodo ya hazel.” Ichi ndi chitonzo kapena chipongwe kwa mkazi yemwe amalabadira kwambiri zamatsenga ndi ufiti. "Izi zikuwonetsa chikhulupiriro chakale kwambiri cha mfiti ngati mzimu wamatabwa kapena nthano yomwe imakhala mu mtedza womwewo." Nthawi zambiri ndi chitsamba chomwe, mu nyimbo zakale zaku Germany, nthawi zambiri chimatchedwa Lady Hazel. M’chimenechi, mofanana ndi Lady Nightingale, tili ndi chotsalira cha kulankhula kwa nyama zina kapena zomera monga ngati zinali zanzeru kapena mizimu. M’nyimbo ina yakale kwambiri ya “Des Knaben Wunderhorn,” msungwana wina, wokwiyira hazel, yemwe wamudzudzula chifukwa chokonda mopepuka kapena wofooka kwambiri, akuti mchimwene wake adzabwera kudzadula chitsambacho. Momwe Lady Hazel akuyankha:-
“Ngakhale abwera kudzandidula;
Ndidzakula masika mawa, zimveka,
Koma ngati nkhata ya namwali idzafota,
'Sizidzaphukanso.
Kuletsa ana kutola mtedza wosapsa ku Canton of Saint Gall amawalirira kuti, “S' Haselnussfràuli chumt“—” Mayi wa mtedza wa hazel akubwera! Chifukwa chake rozari ya mtedza wa hazel kapena ndodo ya hazel imabweretsa mwayi, ndipo imatha kupachikidwa bwino mnyumba. Mikanda ya mtedza wa hazel yomwe inapezeka m’manda akale mwina inali zithumwa komanso zokongoletsera.
Mwa mawu otchuka tingaphatikizepo zotsatirazi kuchokera ku Gorski Vijenac:-
"A eto si udrijo vladiko,
Mumavutika maganizo,
Mudzakhala osangalala.”
Koma tawonani, O Vladika,
Mwadziponya nokha mu namondwe aliyense;
Monga momwe mfiti zimaponyera kapena kudzisintha kukhala ng'ombe."
Ndipo ndi izi tingaphatikizepo themberero,”Izjele te viestice“—”Mfiti zikudya iwe!” yomwe ili ndi kufanana kwake kwenikweni mu Romany. Komanso mwambi waku Scottish, "Mfiti, ankhondo, ndi ma gypsies posachedwa ken ae thether":-
"Afiti ndi ankhondo popanda vuto lililonse,
Monga ma gypsies pamisonkhano amadziwana bwino. "
Nditha kuwonjezera pamiyambi iyi yomwe imaperekedwa mu "Denham Tract" yosowa kwambiri, yomwe makope makumi asanu okha ndi omwe adasindikizidwa ndi JOHN BELL RICHMOND, "mu Com. Ebor.” Kabukhu kakang’ono kakang’ono kameneka ka masamba asanu ndi limodzi kokha kamutu wakuti, “Nthaŵi Zoŵerengeka Zotchuka, Miyambi, ndi Zonena Zokhudza Nthano, Mfiti, ndi Agypsy,” ndipo ili ndi kudzipereka kwakuti, “Kwa Nthano, Mfiti, ndi Gypsy aliyense kuyambira tsikulo. ya Witch of Endor mpaka ya Billy Dawson, Munthu Wanzeru wa ku Stokesley, yemwe posachedwapa anatha, kapepalaka kanalembedwa.”
Mfiti.
Vervain ndi Dill
Kuletsa mfiti ku chifuniro chawo.
Zotsatirazi zikunena za mtengo wa rowan kapena wa phulusa, womwe uyenera kukhala chithumwa chotsutsa ufiti:—
Ngati ndodo yanu yapangidwa ndi rowan
Mutha kukwera tawuni iliyonse.
Zambiri pazambiri,
Quoth mdierekezi kwa mfiti.
Munthu waubweya ndi wokoma mtima,
Koma mkazi waubweya ndi mfiti.
Tsoka kwa mnyamatayo
Popanda mulungu wa mtengo wa rowan.
Mfiti-mkazi ndi woipa
Ndi mapensi atatu oyipa kuposa mdierekezi.
Moni-bwanji kwa Hallow-e'en!
Pamene mfiti zonse ziwoneka,
Ena mwakuda ndi ena obiriwira,
Moni-bwanji kwa Hallow-e'en!
Inu! zonse! uwu, uwu!
Nthawi zonse.
Cummer pita iwe, cummer pita iwe,
Ngati simungapite, cummer ndiroleni!
"Mizere iyi imanenedwa kuti idayimbidwa ndi mfiti za ku North Berwick ku Lothian, pamodzi ndi nyimbo za zeze kapena lipenga la Myuda, zomwe zinkayimbidwa ndi Geilles Duncan, mtsikana wantchito, pamaso pa mfiti mazana awiri, omwe anagwirana manja mufupi. kuvina kapena kubwebweta, kuyimba (komanso) mizere iyi ndi liwu limodzi:—
“'Wafiti, wafiti, ine ndikukunyoza iwe,
Zala zinayi kuzungulira chala changa chachikulu,
Ndiloleni ndipite kwanu mwakachetechete.
"Zidzawoneka kuti ichi ndi chizindikiro cha m'mimba, ndipo chochititsa mantha ndi mfiti. N’zovuta kumvetsa chifukwa chake mavesi okhala ndi chizindikiro anayenera kuperekedwa ndi mfiti.”
Nyimbo yotsutsa mfiti yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Tweedesdale zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi kapena makumi asanu ndi awiri zapitazo inali:-
"'Black-luggie, lammer bead,
Mtengo wa Rowan ndi ulusi wa bango,
Ikani afiti pa liwiro lawo.'
Tanthauzo la 'black-luggie' sindikudziwa. 'Lammer bead' ndi chiphuphu cha 'amber-bead.' Amavekedwabe ndi anthu okalamba ochepa ku Scotland monga chotetezera ku matenda osiyanasiyana, makamaka mphumu, dropsy, ndi mano. Amatetezanso wovalayo ku zotsatira za ufiti, monga momwe lembalo likunenera. Ndawonapo nthambi ya mtengo wa rowan, mfiti, phulusa, phulusa, mfiti, mfiti, mfiti, mfiti, phulusa, phulusa, phulusa , mtengo wa roden, roen-royan, roun, kapena ran-tree, umene unasonkhanitsidwa
pa wachiwiri wa Meyi (onani izi), yozungulira ndi mayadi angapo a ulusi wofiira, wowonekera pazenera kuti akhale ngati chithumwa posunga mfiti ndi Boggle-boes kuchokera kunyumba. Kotero ifenso tiri—
“'Phulusa la Rowan ndi ulusi wa bango
Atetezereni asatana pa liwiro lawo.
Inu mumadana ndi mfiti, simungathe kudzichitira nokha zabwino.
Chabwino adafika,
Chabwino amapita,
Ndipo nthawi zonse zidendene zawo kumbuyo kwawo.
Osati ochimwa kotero kuti kumira, kapena kusambira kwaumulungu.
Wonama kuposa Waghorn, ndipo anali wabodza nthawi khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi kuposa mdierekezi.
Kusayamika ndi koipa kuposa ufiti.
Ndiwe ngati mitch
Monga theka mfiti.
Kumata tsitsi (mwachitsanzo, ng'ombe).
Izi zikutanthauza chikhulupiriro chakuti mfiti zimatha kutenga mkaka wa ng'ombe iliyonse mwa kukama kumapeto kwa ng'ombe.
Pita m’dzina la Mulungu—kuti usakwere mfiti.
"Rynt, mfiti iwe" adayankha Bess Lockit kwa amayi ake.
Rynt, malinga ndi Skeat, ndilo liwu loyambirira la Cumberland lotanthauza aroint," mwachitsanzo, "ndikudzutsa iwe, choka." Chi Icelandic ryma—”kupanga mpata, kukonza njira”—kuperekedwa, komabe, mongoganizira chabe. Zikuwoneka kuti zagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera kwa mfiti.
“'Kodzera iwe, mfiti!' ronyoni wodyetsedwayo analira.”
("Macbeth")
Halliwell amapereka mawu ngati rynt, ndipo amaikako gawo limodzi, osafika pamfundo yokhutiritsa. Ndikuganiza kuti ndi mawu akale basi rynt or wrynt, mtundu wina wa kupindika, kutanthauza kupindika kapena kunyonga, ngati kuti munthu anganene kuti, “Wakhomedwa”! lomwe linalidi temberero lokhazikika. Halliwell mwiniwake amapereka "wreint” monga kutanthauza “kulakwitsa,” ndi
"wreith destordre“—” to wring or wreith” (“Hollyband’s Dictionarie,” 1593). Themberero lodziwika bwino la ma gypsies achingerezi masiku ano ndi, "Beng tasser!" “Mdyerekezi akuphaninyeni inu”—kwenikweni kupotoza, lomwe ndi kumasulira kwenikweni kwa wrinthe or rynt.
“Munthu wamulungu ku khola lake akhoza kupita
ndipo wokwiya khosi la pye yn to.”
("MS. Cantab." ap. H.)
Rynt zikhoza kutanthauza kupotoza, mwachitsanzo, monga mmene amanenera ku America, “anadzigwedera.”
Amene akuotcha iwe chifukwa cha mfiti amataya makala awo onse.
Osalankhula za mfiti Lachisanu.
Muyenera kuchita mantha ndi mfiti.
Mfiti ndizoyenera kuvomereza Lachisanu.
Lachisanu ndi Sabata la mfiti.
Kukumbatira mmodzi monga mdierekezi akukumbatira mfiti.
| Monga wakuda | } | ngati mfiti. |
| Monga mtanda | ||
| Monga wonyansa | ||
| Monga ochimwa |
Zala zinayi ndi chala chachikulu - mfiti, ndikunyoza iwe.
Ku Italy zizindikiro zimapangidwa mosiyana. Ku Naples gettatura imakhala ndi kutaya zala zakutsogolo ndi zapakati, kuti zitsanzire nyanga, chala chachikulu ndi zala zotsekedwa. Ena amati chala chachikulu chiyenera kukhala pakati ndi chala chachitatu. Ku Florence chizindikiro chotsutsa mfiti ndi pa fika, kapena kutulutsa chala chachikulu pakati pa zala zakutsogolo ndi zapakati.
Ndinu ngati mfiti, mumapemphera chammbuyo.
Witch-wood (mwachitsanzo, phulusa lamapiri).
Ndiwe theka la mfiti-mwachitsanzo, wochenjera kwambiri.
Buzz! mawu! mawu!
Pakati pa zaka za m'ma XNUMX ngati munthu anagwedeza chipewa chake kapena
bonnet mumlengalenga ndikufuula 'Buzz!' katatu, pansi pa chikhulupiliro chakuti mwa mchitidwe umenewu atha kutenga moyo wa wina, olamulira akale ndi opanga malamulo amawona kuti munthu wonena choncho ndi woyenerera imfa, iye kukhala wakupha mu cholinga, ndi kuchita ndi mfiti. ” (“Denham Tract”). Zokayikitsa kwambiri, ndipo mwina zidakhazikitsidwa pa mbiri yakale yodziwika bwino.
“Ndikanakonda ndikanakhala kutali ndi Mulungu monga mmene misomali yanga ilibe dothi!”
Anati anali pemphero la mfiti kwinaku akutsuka zikhadabo zake. M’kulondola komveka izi zikukumbukira mnyamata wakuda ku America, amene atafunsidwa ngati anadziŵa njira yopita kumalo ena, anayankha kuti, “Ndikanangolakalaka ndikanakhala ndi madola ochuluka monga momwe ndikudziwira njira yanga kumeneko.”
Mfiti imawopa magazi ake omwe.
Mfiti ya m'nkhalango ya Pendle.
Mfiti ya Lancashire.
Mfiti siingathe kupereka moni (ie., kulira).
Kukhala ng'ombe, kapena kukhala mfiti.
AMA GYPSI.
Ma gypsies ambiri, osula ambiri.
Ma gypsies onse ndi ofanana.
Mmodzi mwa zigawenga za Faw,
Zoyipa kuposa gulu la Faw.
A Faws kapena Faas ndi banja lachigypsy lomwe likulu lawo lili ku Yetholme. Ndakhala pakati pawo ndipo ndimadziwa mfumukazi ya ma gypsies ndi mwana wake Robert, omwe anali a fuko kapena dzina ili.
"Akuganiziridwa kuti a Faw adatenga dzinali kuchokera kwa Johnnie Faw, wolamulira wa Little Egypt; amene Yakobo Wachinai ndi Mfumukazi Mary, olamulira a Scotland, sanawone kokha kuyenera, komanso kufunika kwa kuloŵa m’pangano lapadera” (“Denham Tract”)
"Francis Heron, mfumu ya Faws, bur. (Yarrow) xiii. Jan., 1756 (SHARP'S "Chron. Mir").
Gwero: Mu "Zinthu Zophunzira za Gypsies," ndi MI KOUNAVINE, zomwe sindinaziwone, zilipo, malinga ndi AB Elysseeff (Gypsy-Lore Journal, July, 1890), magawo atatu kapena anayi a miyambi yachigypsy ndi mfundo zazikuluzikulu. Izi zikutanthauza Chisilavoni kapena Aromani a Kum'mawa kwa Russia. Pano ndinganene mogwirizana ndi zimenezi kuti onse amene ali ndi chidwi ndi nkhani imeneyi, kapena chilichonse chokhudzana nayo, adzapeza zambiri zowasangalatsa m’magazini ino ya Gypsy-Lore Society, yosindikizidwa ndi T. & A. Constable, Edinburgh. Mtengo wolembetsa, kuphatikiza umembala wa gulu, ndi £1 pachaka-Adilesi: David Mac Ritchie, 4, Archibald Place, Edinburgh.
Gwero lachifaniziro: Project Gutenberg EBook ya Gypsy Sorcery and Fortune Telling, yolembedwa ndi Charles Godfrey Leland. Tsiku lotulutsa: Disembala 13, 2018 [EBook #58465]
