China ndi dziko lokhalo padziko lapansi lomwe lili ndi mchitidwe wozembetsa ziwalo zamakampani zomwe zimakolola ziwalo kwa akaidi ophedwa chifukwa cha chikumbumtima.
Kuika chiwalo ndi a chithandizo chopulumutsa moyo kwa mamiliyoni odwala ndi mmodzi wa kupambana kwakukulu kwamankhwala amakono. Komabe, kuperewera kwa ziwalo zoperekera, zophatikizidwa ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwa zoikamo, zalimbikitsa makampani ogulitsa ziwalo zapadziko lonse lapansi omwe amadyera masuku pamutu anthu osauka, osowa komanso ozunzidwa ngati gwero la ziwalo zogulidwa ndi alendo olemera omwe amawaika.
ngakhale mchitidwe uwu zimachitika m’maiko ambiri, momwe zinthu zilili ku China ndizovuta kwambiri. China ndi dziko lokhalo padziko lapansi lomwe lili ndi mchitidwe wozembetsa ziwalo zamakampani zomwe zimakolola ziwalo kwa akaidi ophedwa chifukwa cha chikumbumtima. Mchitidwewu umadziwika kuti kukolola ziwalo zokakamiza.
Kuti timvetsetse kukolola ziwalo zokakamiza, ndikofunikira kulingalira za zochitika zongopeka: wodwala ku Canada yemwe ali ndi matenda amtima omaliza akufunika kumuika mtima wopulumutsa moyo.
Madokotala ku Canada amauza wodwala kuti akuyenera kupita pamndandanda wodikirira mpaka woperekayo woyenerera atamwalira pamikhalidwe yoyenera. Kuchita zimenezi kungatenge milungu, miyezi kapenanso zaka. Wodwalayo ndiye amapeza pulogalamu yosinthira ku China yomwe ingakonzekere kuyika kwa mtima kuchokera kwa opereka ogwirizana masabata pasadakhale.
Izi zikudzutsa mafunso ofunika angapo. Kuika mtima wamtima kumangobwera kuchokera kwa omwe adamwalira, ndiye kuti chipatala chingafanane bwanji ndi wodwala uyu ndi "womwalirayo" wopereka masabata pasadakhale? Kodi achipatala adapeza bwanji donor uyu? Kodi amadziŵa bwanji pamene woperekayo adzafa? Kodi woperekayo walolera kuti ziwalo zawo zikololedwe?
Zokhumudwitsa
Mayankho a mafunso amenewa ndi okhumudwitsa kwambiri. China imagwiritsa ntchito m'ndende akaidi a chikumbumtima ngati dziwe lopereka chiwalo kupereka zowaika zoyenerera kwa odwala. Akaidi kapena "opereka" awa amaphedwa ndipo ziwalo zawo zimakololedwa mwakufuna kwawo, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani opindulitsa komanso opindulitsa.
Monga akatswiri a nephrologist ndi akatswiri azachipatala, tikufuna kufalitsa chidziwitso chokhudza kuzembetsa ziwalo, makamaka kukolola ziwalo mokakamiza, kwa anzathu, mabungwe, odwala komanso anthu. Timakhudzidwa ndi mabungwe ngati Madokotala Otsutsa Kukolola Ziwalo Mokakamiza ndi International Coalition to The Transplant Abuse ku China, amene agwira ntchito yaikulu m’derali kwa zaka zoposa khumi.
China pakadali pano ili ndi pulogalamu yachiwiri yayikulu padziko lonse lapansi yoika anthu ena. Ntchito zoikamo anthu ku China zidakula mwachangu kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000 popanda kukwera kofanana kwa opereka ziwalo mwaufulu, zomwe zidapangitsa mafunso okhudza gwero la ziwalo.
Panthawi imeneyi ya kukula kwachangu, akatswiri a Buddhist Qi gong chilango chotchedwa Falun Gong, anali kuchitidwa. kumangidwa, kuzunzidwa ndi kuphedwa mwaunyinji ndi boma la China. Mofananamo, China mu 2017 inayamba kampeni ya kutsekeredwa m’ndende anthu ambiri, kuyang’aniridwa, kutsekereza ndi ntchito yokakamiza motsutsana ndi mtundu wa Uyghur wa Xinjiang.
Kufufuza za ufulu wa anthu
Madandaulo okhudza kukolola ziwalo mokakamizidwa adayamba kuonekera mu 2006-7 ndi ntchito ya maloya awiri omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe wapadziko lonse lapansi, David Kilgour ndi David Matas, omwe pambuyo pake adakhala. adasankhidwa kukhala Mphotho ya Mtendere wa Nobel chifukwa cha ntchito yawo. The China Tribunal, motsogozedwa ndi loya wa ufulu wachibadwidwe a Sir Geoffrey Nice, adakhazikitsidwa mu 2019 kuti afufuze modziyimira pawokha zonena za kukolola ziwalo mokakamiza.
Khotilo lidasanthula maumboni angapo, kuphatikiza manambala owaika, kuyezetsa kwachipatala kwa akaidi omwe adamangidwa, kuyimba foni ku zipatala zowaika, komanso umboni wochokera kwa madokotala ndi akaidi. Mawu omaliza adaperekedwa mu Marichi 2020 ndipo "zatsimikizira momveka bwino” kuti dziko la China lakhala likugwiritsa ntchito akaidi ophedwa chifukwa cha chikumbumtima kwa zaka zambiri kuti amuike ziwalo.
Ngakhale akuluakulu aku China omwe amawaika anthu ena akuti kusintha kwakukulu kwasintha kwachitika kuyambira 2015, umboni waposachedwa ukuwonetsa kuti mchitidwe wankhanza wokololera ziwalo ukupitilirabe. The American Journal of Transplantation, magazini yotsogola padziko lonse yoika munthu wina, inafalitsa nkhani mu April zomwe zidapeza kuti kufa kwaubongo sikunalengezedwe m'magawo ambiri aku China, ndi kuti kubwezanso ziwalo zofunika kwambiri za woperekayo kunali chifukwa chenicheni cha imfa. M’mawu ena tinganene kuti akaidi amenewa ankaphedwa powachotsa ziwalo n’cholinga choti awaike m’thupi.
The International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation adapereka chikalata chalamulo mu June chomwe sichiphatikiza zomwe ndi "zokhudzana ndi kuikidwa ndi kuyika ziwalo kapena minofu kuchokera kwa anthu omwe amapereka ndalama ku People's Republic of China. "
Kukulitsa kuzindikira
Tsoka ilo, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zachipatala zosagwirizana ndi magulu oponderezedwa sikwachilendo. The Anazi anachita mayesero oopsa kwambiri pa ozunzidwa achiyuda m’misasa yachibalo. Akatswiri amisala aku Soviet adapanga mawu odziwika kuti schizophrenia waulesi kutchula anthu otsutsana ndi ndale, kuwalanda ufulu wachibadwidwe, ntchito ndi kudalirika. Ofufuza a ku America adaphunzira zotsatira za chindoko chosachiritsika mu African American mu kafukufuku wa Tuskegee.
China yakhala ikupha akaidi okhudzidwa ndi chikumbumtima ndikugwiritsa ntchito ziwalo zawo kuwaika kwazaka zambiri. Madokotala oika anthu ena, akatswiri azachipatala komanso anthu padziko lonse lapansi akuyenera kudziwitsa anthu ndikukakamiza maboma, mabungwe ndi zipatala kuti achitepo kanthu.
Ndikofunikira kuti tizichita mosamala ndikupewa mgwirizano pomwe kuwonekera poyera komwe kumachokera ziwalo sikungatsimikizidwe. Tiyenera kutsutsa osalungama ndi kumangidwa mopanda umunthu komanso kupondereza ma Uyghur ndi magulu osankhidwa padziko lonse lapansi.
Tiyenera kulimbikitsa kulembetsa kwa opereka chiwalo ndi ntchito zothandizira zomwe zimawonjezera zopereka kuti pamapeto pake zithetse kufunikira kwa kugulitsa ziwalo zosaloledwa.
Susie Hughes, mtsogoleri wamkulu wa End Transplant Abuse ku China, ndi amene adalemba nawo nkhaniyi.
