Ruslan Khalikov ndi katswiri wa maphunziro achipembedzo, membala wa Bungwe la Chiyukireniya Association of Researchers of Religion, ndipo amagwira ntchito yolemba zotsatira za nkhondo yolimbana ndi zipembedzo zambiri ku Ukraine, kaya m'madera olandilidwa kapena madera ena onse. wa dziko. Iye ndi anzake analemba zambiri za kuwonongeka kwa malo ndi nyumba zachipembedzo kuyambira chiyambi cha nkhondo. Tinakhala ndi mwayi wolankhula naye mwachidule ndikumufunsa mafunso angapo:
1. Kodi mungafotokoze mwachidule kafukufuku wanu?
Ntchito yathu yakuti “Chipembedzo Chili Pamoto: Kulemba Zolakwa za Nkhondo ya ku Russia Yolimbana ndi Zipembedzo ku Ukraine” inayambika chifukwa choti dziko la Russia laukira dziko la Ukraine. Mu Marichi 2022 bungwe lathu, Msonkhano wa Maphunziro a Maphunziro a Zipembedzo, adayambitsa ntchitoyi, ndipo kuyambira pachiyambi adathandizidwa ndi a State Service ya Ukraine kwa Ethnopolitics ndi Ufulu wa Chikumbumtima ndi Congress of Ethnic Communities of Ukraine. Pambuyo pake, polojekitiyi idalandira thandizo kuchokera kwa a International Center for Law and Religious Studies (USA).
Ntchitoyi ikufuna kulemba ndi kulemba za kuwonongeka kwa nyumba zachipembedzo chifukwa cha nkhondo za asilikali a Russia ku Ukraine, komanso kupha, kuvulaza ndi kubedwa atsogoleri achipembedzo a mipingo yosiyanasiyana. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyi, gulu lathu lili ndi cholinga chosonkhanitsa zokhudza milandu imene boma la Russia linachita ku Ukraine polimbana ndi zipembedzo za m’zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana. Zida zomwe timasonkhanitsa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'maphunziro amtsogolo a momwe nkhondoyi ikukhudzira magulu achipembedzo ku Ukraine, pokonzekera malipoti a mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi, komanso umboni woti abweretse wozunzayo.
Pofika pano, nyumba zachipembedzo zoposa 240 zinakhudzidwa ndi nkhondo, zimene tazilemba m’nkhokwe yathu yosungiramo zinthu. Pafupifupi 140 mwa iwo ndi matchalitchi a Christian Orthodox, nyumba za amonke, ndipo ambiri a iwo ndi a UOC (MP). Misikiti, masunagoge, maholo opempherera, nyumba zaufumu, ma ashram a ISKCON, nyumba za zipembedzo zina zazing'ono zikuvutikanso, ndipo timazilembetsanso mu database. Tikudziwanso za milandu khumi ndi isanu ya atsogoleri achipembedzo omwe adaphedwa kapena kuphedwa ndi zipolopolo, kuphatikiza atsogoleri ankhondo ndi anthu odzipereka achipembedzo. Atsogoleri ena achipembedzo akumaloko adabedwa ndi asitikali ankhondo aku Russia, kuwakakamiza kusiya nyumba zawo ndi parishi kumadera omwe adalandidwa.
2. Kodi zinthu zili bwanji pa nkhani ya zipembedzo ku Ukraine pa nthawi ya nkhondoyi? Mu Ukraine mfulu? M'madera olandidwa anthu?
Mkhalidwewu ndi wosiyana kwambiri, malingana ndi zochitika za okhulupirira m'dera linalake. Kumene kumenyana ndi zipolopolo zikupitirira, kapena m'malo omwe anali pansi pa ntchito yaifupi, tikuwona kuwonjezeka kwa mgwirizano pakati pa mabungwe osiyanasiyana achipembedzo, ngakhale kuti nkhondoyi isanayambe adakumana ngati otsutsa. Mwachitsanzo: pakati pa mipingo yosiyanasiyana ya Chikhristu cha Orthodox, Orthodox ndi Apulotesitanti, Asilamu ndi Akhristu. Cholinga chachikulu cha mgwirizano ndikudzipereka, ntchito zothandiza anthu.
Mipingo imapereka malo okhala kwa anthu wamba panthawi yowombera zipolopolo, kupereka chithandizo chothandizira anthu, kupereka ansembe ankhondo ku magulu ankhondo (lamulo lachaplaincy lavomerezedwa kwathunthu mu masika ano), kukonza zopereka za magazi, ndi zina zotero. kumene kulibe chiwopsezo cha tsiku ndi tsiku ndi chamwamsanga ku moyo, mpikisano ukupitirizabe pakati pa mabungwe achipembedzo.
M’madera amene angolandidwa kumene, okhulupirira a zipembedzo zingapo, makamaka zipembedzo zing’onozing’ono, akuyembekezeka kukumana ndi ziletso m’machitidwe awo. Zipembedzo zoletsedwa ku Russia, monga Mboni za Yehova, otsatira a Said Nursi, Hizb ut-Tahrir, adzaletsedwanso pamene maboma a Russia akulimbikitsa kumeneko.
M'madera aulere, mabungwe onse achipembedzo amadzitalikitsa momwe angathere ku ubale ndi okhulupirira anzawo aku Russia. Ngakhale Tchalitchi cha Orthodox cha ku Ukraine, chomwe kale chinali chogwirizana ndi Patriarchate ya ku Moscow, chinachitika pa May 27 msonkhano wapadera ndipo chinachotsa kugwirizana kumeneku pa tchata chake.
M'malo mwake, m'madera olandidwa, madera angapo a tchalitchichi akukakamizika kulamulidwa ndi Tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox. Ngakhale kuyambira 2014 mpaka kukwera komweku, madera aku Crimea ndi CADLR (Madera Ena a Donetsk ndi Luhansk Regions) adawonedwa ngati mbali za UOC. Momwemonso, magulu achisilamu a zigawo za Donetsk ndi Lugansk m'madera omwe adagwidwa adalowa m'dera la Russian Council of Muftis ndi Spiritual Assembly of Muslim of the Russian Federation, motero.
3. Kodi mukuwona kuwonjezeka kwa milandu yosonkhezeredwa ndi zipembedzo kuchokera ku gawo la Russia?
Kuyambira pachiyambi cha kuwukira, ndipo ngakhale zisanachitike, atsogoleri andale ndi achipembedzo aku Russia, kuphatikiza Purezidenti Vladimir Putin, Patriarch Kirill Gundyaev, Mufti Talgat Tadzhuddin, Pandito Khambo Lama Damba Ayusheev ndi ena adagwiritsa ntchito chinthu chachipembedzo ngati chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zidawukira. Iwo adadzudzula mbali ya ku Ukraine kuti ikuphwanya ufulu wa UOC, kukakamiza anthu azungu, ndipo adalimbikitsa kuchotsa anthu a ku Ukraine ku "kuponderezedwa kwachipembedzo". Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndi kuwukiridwa kwake, Russia sikuti ikungowononga malo a zipembedzo zambiri ku Ukraine, komanso ikuwononga akachisi ambiri a UOC (MP), kulepheretsa okhulupirira mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito ufulu wawo wachipembedzo ndi ufulu wawo wachipembedzo. zikhulupiriro. M'lingaliro limeneli, palibe kukula, mlingo wa chidani umakhala wokwera nthawi zonse.
Ngati tilankhula za kuwonjezeka kwa chiŵerengero cha upandu wosonkhezeredwa ndi chipembedzo, ndiye kuti tingalankhule za icho, choyamba, m’madera olandidwa, kumene mikangano ya zipembedzo ikucheperachepera, anthu ang’onoang’ono akutaya mwayi wochita chipembedzo chawo momasuka. Koma ngakhale ansembe a UOC-MP omwe ali osakhulupirika ku maulamuliro aku Russia ali pachiwopsezo chokhala m'ndende, amafunsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti afunsidwe kapena kubedwa kwakanthawi, amawopsezedwa pama TV. Ngati dziko la Russia laganiza zophatikizira madera omwe adalandidwa, titha kuyembekezera kuti magulu angapo azipembedzo kumeneko adzagwa pansi pa malamulo aku Russia okhudza kuchita monyanyira, monga zidachitikira ku Crimea. Pakalipano, akuluakulu a boma la Russia sakudzidalira kuti athe kuthera nthawi yochuluka pazochitika zachipembedzo.
4. Chilichonse chomwe mungafune kuwonjezera?
Ndikufuna kutsindika kufunika kothandizira zipembedzo zing'onozing'ono za Chiyukireniya, chifukwa sangathe kuchira paokha pambuyo pa kuwonongedwa kwa nyumba zachipembedzo ndi kugwa kwa midzi pa nthawi ya nkhondo. Izi zidzasunga ufulu wapamwamba wachipembedzo ndi zikhulupiriro, komanso kuchulukana komwe Russian Federation ikuyesera kuwononga. Ukraine ikufunikanso kuthandizidwa polemba za milandu yankhondo, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa milandu yankhondo nthawi zambiri kumafika mazana masauzande, mabungwe onse ofufuza amagwira ntchito ndi milandu, komanso mabungwe aboma nawonso akulemba zolemba, koma timafunikira thandizo la mabungwe ndi zida kuchokera ku Ukraine. Mayiko aku Europe. Ndipo chomaliza, chonde musasiye kudziwitsa anthu za nkhondo ya ku Ukraine, kuphatikizapo kuwonongedwa kwa nyumba zachipembedzo - palibe chomwe chasiya, nkhondo ikupitirira, ndipo ku Ulaya kokha kungathandize kuthetsa.
