Kodi kuyesa kuletsa Halal kupha kukhudzidwa ndi Ufulu Wachibadwidwe? Ili ndiye funso lothandizira athu apadera, PhD. Alessandro Amicarelli, loya wodziwika bwino wa ufulu wachibadwidwe komanso womenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe, yemwe ndi wapampando wa European Federation on Freedom of Belief, akuuza Pulofesa Vasco Fronzoni, wa Universitá Telemática Pegaso ku Italy, katswiri wa shari'a Law.
Pezani mawu ake oyamba mu buluu, ndiyeno mafunso ndi mayankho.
Wolemba Alessandro Amicarelli. Ufulu wa chipembedzo ndipo chikhulupiriro chimateteza ufulu wa okhulupirira kukhala ndi moyo mogwirizana ndi zikhulupiriro zawo, mopanda malire, ndipo izi zikuphatikizanso machitidwe okhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi zakudya, izi zili choncho mwachitsanzo, kukonzekera kovomerezeka ndi kosher.
Pakhala pali nkhani zoletsa njira za halal ndi kosher zotsutsana zaufulu wa nyama zomwe malinga ndi onyoza miyamboyi amakumana ndi nkhanza zochulukirapo.
Prof. Vasco Fronzoni ndi Pulofesa Wothandizira ku Università telematica Pegaso ku Italy, ndi katswiri wa Shari'a Law and Islamic Markets, komanso ndi Mtsogoleri Woyang'anira Quality Management Systems, wapadera pa gawo la Halal ku Halal Research Council of Lahore ndipo ndi membala wa Komiti ya Sayansi ya European Federation on Freedom of Belief.
Funso: Prof. Fronzoni ndi zifukwa ziti zazikulu zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi omwe akuyesa kuletsa kukonzekera halal komanso kupha anthu motsatira miyambo ya halal?
Yankho: Zifukwa zazikulu zoletsa kupha mwamwambo molingana ndi malamulo a kosher, shechita ndi halal zimagwirizana ndi lingaliro la chisamaliro cha nyama ndikuchepetsa momwe zingathere kuvutika m'maganizo ndi thupi la nyama popha.
Pamodzi ndi chifukwa chachikuluchi ndi cholengezedwa, Ayuda ndi Asilamu ena amawonanso chikhumbo chonyanyala kapena kusankhana madera awo, chifukwa cha malingaliro osapembedza kapena nthawi zina chifukwa chofuna kuteteza zipembedzo zina zambiri.
Q: Kodi mukuona kwanu ndi kuphwanya ufulu wa Asilamu, ndi pankhani ya wopatulika, ufulu wa Ayuda, kuletsa miyambo yawo yopha anthu? Anthu azipembedzo zonse komanso opanda chikhulupiriro amapeza chakudya cha kosher ndi halal ndipo izi sizongopezeka kwa anthu azipembedzo zachiyuda ndi Chisilamu zokha. Kodi anthu a chipembedzo cha Chiyuda ndi Chisilamu sayenera kuloledwa kupha molingana ndi malamulo ndi malamulo awo achipembedzo omwe akhalapo kwa zaka mazana angapo chifukwa izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi ufulu waumunthu? Kuletsa miyambo imeneyi sikungatanthauzenso kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu a m'madera ambiri kuti apeze msika wa zakudya zomwe akufuna?
M'malingaliro anga, inde, kuletsa kuphana kwachipembedzo ndikuphwanya ufulu wachipembedzo, wa nzika komanso wa nzika zokha.
Ufulu wopeza chakudya uyenera kufotokozedwa ngati ufulu wachibadwidwe komanso wamitundumitundu, ndipo sikuti ndi gawo lofunikira la unzika, komanso chikhazikitso cha demokalase yokha. Idasindikizidwa kale ndi UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights ya 1948 ndipo lero ikuzindikiridwa ndi magwero angapo azamalamulo ofewa padziko lonse lapansi ndipo imatsimikiziridwanso ndi ma charter osiyanasiyana. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mu 1999 Komiti ya United Nations yoona za Ufulu wa Zachuma, Chikhalidwe ndi Ufulu wa Anthu inapereka chikalata chachindunji chonena za ufulu wa chakudya chokwanira.
Potsatira njirayi, ufulu wokhala ndi chakudya chokwanira uyenera kumveka ponseponse pokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha chakudya ndi chitetezo cha chakudya ndipo umaphatikizanso ndondomeko yomwe siili yochuluka, koma pamwamba pa zonse zomwe zili zoyenera, pamene zakudya sizikuyimira chakudya chokha, koma zimatsimikizira ulemu wa anthu. ndipo zili choncho pokhapokha ngati zikugwirizana ndi zimene zipembedzo zimaphunzitsa komanso miyambo ya anthu a m’dera limene nkhaniyo imachokera.
M'lingaliro limeneli, zikuwoneka zowunikira kuti mu European Union Khoti la Strasbourg adazindikira kuyambira 2010 (HUDOC - European Court Human Rights, Application n. 18429/06 Jakobski v. Poland) kugwirizana kwachindunji pakati pa kutsatiridwa kwa zakudya zinazake ndi kufotokozera ufulu wa chikhulupiriro motsatira luso. 9 ya ECHR.
Ngakhale Khothi Loona za Malamulo ku Belgian, posachedwapa, pomwe likugogomezera kuti kuletsa kupha popanda kudabwitsa kumayankha zosowa zapagulu ndipo kuli kogwirizana ndi cholinga cholimbikitsa chisamaliro cha nyama, adazindikira kuti kuletsa kupha kwamtunduwu kumakhudzanso kuletsa ufulu wachipembedzo Ayuda ndi Asilamu, omwe miyambo yawo yachipembedzo imaletsa kudya nyama kuchokera ku nyama zododometsa.
Choncho, kulola mwayi wopeza chakudya komanso kusankha zakudya zoyenera ndi chida chothandizira kuteteza ufulu wachipembedzo, chifukwa zimathandiza okhulupirira kuti adziyang'ane pa msika wa chakudya ndikusankha zakudya zogwirizana ndi zosowa zawo zachipembedzo.
Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti miyezo yapamwamba yokhazikitsidwa ndi malamulo ovomerezeka a Halal ndi Kosher ndi okhwima kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chinthu chapamwamba kwambiri, chokhala ndi zofunikira zolimba kuposa zomwe zimaperekedwa mwachitsanzo pa satifiketi ya Bio. Ndichifukwa chake ogula ambiri, osati Asilamu kapena Achiyuda, amagula zinthuzi chifukwa zimaika patsogolo thanzi la anthu ndipo amawona kuti ndi gawo lofunikira kuti apeze chitetezo cha chakudya, chotsimikiziridwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka zakudya zomwe zilipo m'madera achiyuda ndi Asilamu.
Q: Mabungwe oyang'anira, komanso makhothi amilandu amayenera kuthana ndi milandu yokhudza chakudya cha halal ndi kosher, komanso zonena za anthu osadya masamba ndi omwe amadya nyama. Kodi mungatchule zomwe zili zazikulu zamalamulo zokhudzana ndi kupha halal?
A: Chimachitika ndi chiyani Europe ndi paradigmatic kuyankha funso ili.
Regulation 1099/2009 / EC idayambitsa njira ndi njira zotsogola, zomwe zimafuna kupha nyama pokhapokha atakomoka, mkhalidwe womwe uyenera kusungidwa mpaka imfa. Komabe, zikhulupiriro zimenezi n’zosiyana ndi miyambo yachipembedzo yachiyuda komanso maganizo a akatswiri ambiri achisilamu, zomwe zimafuna kuti nyamayo ikhale yatcheru komanso yozindikira, yomwe iyenera kukhala yosasunthika pa nthawi yophedwa, komanso kutaya magazi kotheratu. wa nyama. Komabe, pankhani ya ufulu wachipembedzo, lamulo la 2009 limapatsa dziko lililonse membala gawo linalake la gawo la ndondomekoyi, kupereka ndime 4 ya lamuloli kunyoza kuti Ayuda ndi Asilamu azipha mwamwambo.
Mgwirizano umakhudzidwa pakati pa kufunikira kwa mitundu yakupha mwamwambo monga Chiyuda ndi Chisilamu ndi malamulo akulu omwe amatsata lingaliro lachitetezo ndi thanzi la nyama pakupha. Choncho, nthawi ndi nthawi malamulo a boma, motsogozedwa ndi ndondomeko ya ndale zomwe zikuchitika panthawiyo komanso kupemphedwa ndi maganizo a anthu amderalo, amalola kapena kuletsa magulu achipembedzo kupeza chakudya m'njira yogwirizana ndi chikhulupiriro chawo. Izi zimachitika kuti ku Europe kuli mayiko monga Sweden, Norway, Greece, Denmark, Slovenia, mukuchita ku Finland komanso pang'ono. Belgium amene aika lamulo loletsa kupha mwamwambo, pamene mayiko ena amalola.
M'malingaliro anga, ndipo ndikunena izi monga woweruza milandu komanso ngati wokonda nyama, chizindikirocho sichiyenera kungoyang'ana pa lingaliro la ubwino wa zinyama panthawi yakupha, zomwe poyamba zingawoneke ngati zotsutsana komanso ngakhale zachinyengo komanso zomwe sizikuganiza kuti ngakhale miyambo yaupandu imakhazikika m'lingaliro ili. Mosiyana ndi izi, gawoli liyeneranso kulunjika ku thanzi la ogula komanso chidwi cha misika. Palibe zomveka kuletsa kupha mwamwambo m'gawo koma kulola kuitanitsa nyama yophedwa mwamwambo, ndi dera laling'ono chabe lomwe limawononga ogula ndi msika wamkati. M'malo mwake, sizikuwoneka mwangozi kwa ine kuti m'maiko ena, komwe magulu azipembedzo ali ochulukirachulukira ndipo koposa zonse komwe njira zoperekera zakudya za halal ndi kosher ndizofala kwambiri (opanga, nyumba zophera nyama, zopangira ndi zogulitsa), lingaliro la nyama. Ubwino umaganiziridwa mosiyana. M'malo mwake, muzochitika izi pomwe kufunikira kwa ogula ndikofunikira kwambiri, komwe kuli antchito ambiri m'gawoli komanso komwe kuli msika wokhazikika komanso wokhazikika komanso wotumizira kunja, kupha mwamwambo kumaloledwa.
Tiyeni tiwone ku UK. Pano Asilamu akuimira osakwana 5% koma amadya nyama yoposa 20% ya nyama yomwe imaphedwa m'dera la dzikolo, ndipo nyama yophedwa halal ikuimira 71% ya nyama zonse zophedwa ku England. Chifukwa chake, anthu osakwana 5% amadya nyama zopitilira 70% zomwe zimaphedwa. Ziwerengerozi zimapanga chinthu chofunika kwambiri komanso chosafunika kwenikweni kwa anthu apakhomo chuma, ndi ufulu wosonyezedwa ndi woimira malamulo a Chingelezi polola kupha mwamwambo uyenera kulembedwa polemekeza ufulu wachipembedzo, koma motsimikizirika ponena za chuma cha misika ndi chitetezo cha ogula.
F: Prof. Fronzoni Ndinu Katswiri Wamaphunziro amene amalangiza mabungwe adziko lonse ndipo mumadziwa bwino zipembedzo zomwe zilipo ku Ulaya makamaka ku Italy. Kudya halal kwakhala chizolowezi kwa anthu ambiri, osati kwenikweni Asilamu, koma akamva za “shari’a” anthu ambiri a Kumadzulo amakhala okayikitsa komanso okayikitsa, ngakhale kuti shari’a ndi Chisilamu chofanana ndi malamulo ovomerezeka achikhristu. Kodi anthu ndi mabungwe aboma akuyenera kuphunzira zambiri za halal ndi shari'a zonse? Kodi masukulu ndi masukulu a Kumadzulo ayeneranso kuchita zambiri pankhaniyi? Kodi zomwe zimachitika pankhani yophunzitsa anthu komanso kulangiza maboma ndi zokwanira?
A: Zoonadi, m'pofunika kudziwa zambiri, popeza kudziwa zina kumabweretsa kuzindikira ndi kumvetsetsa, sitepe yapitayi kuphatikizidwa, pamene kusadziwa kumabweretsa kusakhulupirirana, komwe kumapanga sitepe mwamsanga pamaso pa mantha, zomwe zingayambitse kusokonezeka ndi kusokonezeka. machitidwe opanda nzeru (kusinthika mbali imodzi ndi Islamophobia ndi xenophobia mbali inayo).
Mayanjano azipembedzo, makamaka Asilamu, amachita zochepa kwambiri kuti miyambo ndi zosowa zawo zidziwike kwa anthu ndi maboma, ndipo ichi ndi chinthu chovuta komanso cholakwika chawo. Inde, kuti amvedwe muyenera makutu ofunitsitsa kutero, koma ndi zoonanso kuti Asilamu ambiri okhala m’maiko akunja ayenera kuyesetsa kutenga nawo mbali m’moyo wadziko ndi kukhala monga nzika, osati monga alendo.
Kukhala wolumikizidwa ku chiyambi cha munthu ndikoyamikirika komanso kothandiza, koma tiyenera kuzindikira kuti kusiyana kwa zilankhulo, zizolowezi ndi chipembedzo sikulepheretsa kuphatikizika komanso kuti palibe kutsutsana pakati pakukhala ku West ndi kukhala Muslim. N'zotheka komanso zoyenera kulimbikitsa ndondomeko yophatikizira, ndipo izi zikhoza kuchitidwa ndi kugawana nawo chidziwitso, ndi maphunziro komanso kulemekeza malamulo. Anthu ophunzira amazindikira kuti munthu ayenera kuvomereza ena, mosasamala kanthu za kusiyana kwawo.
Ndikuganizanso kuti mabungwe a National ndi ndale ayenera kufunafuna upangiri waukadaulo kuchokera kwa omwe akudziwa maiko onse.
Q: Kodi muli ndi malingaliro ndi upangiri kwa omwe akuyesa kuletsa kupanga halal Kumadzulo?
Yankho: Lingaliro langa nthawi zonse limayenda mwachidziwitso.
Kumbali imodzi, tsankho lachikhazikitso la malingaliro ena okhudza kulimbikitsa nyama kuyenera kufananizidwa ndi malingaliro okhudza thanzi la nyama omwe amakhalapo m'miyambo yachiyuda ndi Asilamu, yomwe nthawi zonse imanyalanyazidwa koma yomwe ilipo.
Kumbali ina, kupanga kulinganiza kwa zokonda komwe sikuli kophweka nthaŵi zonse, kuyenera kudziŵika kuti tanthauzo latsopano la mfundo yaufulu wachipembedzo latulukira, monga kuyenera kwa kupeza chakudya chokwanira m’njira ya kuulula. Choncho, ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kasinthidwe kwatsopano kwa mfundo ya ufulu wachikhulupiriro Choncho akutuluka monga ufulu kupeza chakudya chokwanira mogwirizana ndi kuulula linanena za mwambo kupha, malinga ndi declination makamaka umalimbana zisathe zachuma alimi ndi ogula. , komanso ponena za chitetezo cha chakudya.
