Mbalame Zosamuka - Chaka chilichonse, mbalame mamiliyoni ambiri zimayenda maulendo odabwitsa, omwe nthawi zambiri amadutsa makilomita zikwizikwi, kuti akafike kumalo omwe amakhala. Kusamuka kwapachaka kumeneku kumayendetsedwa ndi kusintha kwa kapezedwe ka chakudya, nyengo, ndi kufunika koswana.
Kafukufuku wa UCLA ali ndi kuthekera kopititsa patsogolo kumvetsetsa kwa asayansi pa zoopsa zomwe mbalame zimakumana nazo komanso kuthekera kwawo kuti zisinthe.
Ambiri amamvetsetsa kuti nyengo yoyipa imatha kusokoneza mbalame zikamasamuka, zomwe zimawatsogolera kumadera osadziwika. Koma n’chifukwa chiyani mbalame zimapita kutali kwambiri ndi mmene zimayendera, ngakhale kuti nyengo si vuto lalikulu?
Malinga ndi pepala laposachedwa la akatswiri azachilengedwe ku University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), kusokonezeka kwa mphamvu ya maginito ya Dziko lapansi kungachititse mbalame kusokera m’njira zimene zimasamuka, zomwe zimatchedwa “vagrancy.” Izi zikhoza kuchitika ngakhale nyengo yabwino ndipo zimakhala zofala kwambiri panthawi ya kugwa. Zomwe anapezazi zidasindikizidwa posachedwa m'magazini Scientific Reports.
Popeza kuchuluka kwa mbalame ku North America kukucheperachepera, kuwunika zomwe zimayambitsa kusayenda bwino kungathandize asayansi kumvetsetsa bwino zoopsa zomwe mbalame zimakumana nazo komanso momwe zimasinthira ku ziwopsezozo. Mwachitsanzo, mbalame zimene zimakafika m’dera losazolowera zimakumana ndi vuto lopeza chakudya ndi malo odyetserako ziweto, ndipo zimatha kufa chifukwa cha zimenezi. Koma zingakhalenso zopindulitsa kwa mbalame zomwe nyumba zawo zachikhalidwe sizikhalamo chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo, mwa "mwangozi" kulowetsa nyamazo m'madera omwe tsopano ali oyenera kwa iwo.
Mphamvu ya maginito ya dziko lapansi, yomwe imayenda pakati pa North ndi South Poles, imapangidwa ndi zinthu zingapo, pamwamba ndi pansi pa dziko lapansi. Kafukufuku wazaka makumi angapo wa labotale akuwonetsa kuti mbalame zimatha kuzindikira maginito pogwiritsa ntchito maginitoreceptors m'maso mwawo. Kafukufuku watsopano wa UCLA amathandizira zomwe zapezedwa malinga ndi chilengedwe.
"Pali umboni wochuluka wosonyeza kuti mbalame zimatha kuona minda ya geomagnetic," atero a Morgan Tingley, wolemba pepala komanso pulofesa wothandizira wa UCLA wa zamoyo ndi zamoyo. M’madera odziwika bwino, mbalame zimatha kuyenda motsatira malo, koma nthawi zina zimakhala zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito geomagnetism.”
Koma luso la mbalame lotha kuyenda pogwiritsa ntchito minda ya geomagnetic lingalephereke pamene mphamvu za maginitozo zasokonezedwa. Zosokoneza zotere zimatha kuchokera ku mphamvu ya maginito ya dzuŵa, mwachitsanzo, makamaka panthawi yomwe dzuwa limatentha kwambiri, monga madontho a dzuwa ndi magetsi adzuwa, komanso kuchokera kuzinthu zina.
Tingley anati: “Ngati munda wa geomagnetic wasokonekera, zili ngati kugwiritsa ntchito mapu olakwika omwe amasokoneza mbalamezi.
Wofufuza wamkulu a Benjamin Tonelli, wophunzira wa UCLA wa udokotala, adagwira ntchito ndi Tingley komanso wofufuza wa postdoctoral Casey Youngflesh kuyerekeza zomwe mbalame 2.2 miliyoni, zomwe zikuyimira mitundu 152, yomwe idagwidwa ndikutulutsidwa pakati pa 1960 ndi 2019 - gawo la United States Geological Survey pulogalamu yotsata. - motsutsana ndi mbiri yakale ya kusokonezeka kwa geomagnetic ndi zochitika za dzuwa.
Ngakhale kuti zinthu zina monga nyengo zimatha kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu pakuyambitsa kuyendayenda, ofufuzawo adapeza mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa mbalame zomwe zidagwidwa kutali ndi momwe zimayembekezeredwa komanso kusokonezeka kwa geomagnetic komwe kunachitika pakusamuka kwa kugwa ndi masika. Koma chiyanjanocho chinatchulidwa makamaka panthawi ya kusamuka kwa kugwa, olembawo adanena.
Kusokonezeka kwa ma geomagnetic kunakhudza kuyenda kwa mbalame zazing'ono ndi akulu awo, kutanthauza kuti mbalame zimadalira momwemonso geomagnetism mosasamala kanthu za kusamuka kwawo.
Ofufuzawo amayembekeza kuti kusokonezeka kwa geomagnetic komwe kumakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa dzuwa kumalumikizidwa ndi kusokonezeka kwambiri. Chodabwitsa n'chakuti, mphamvu za dzuwa zimachepetsa kuyendayenda. Chifukwa chimodzi n'chakuti ma radiofrequency amachitika chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa dzuwa kungapangitse maginito receptors a mbalame kukhala osagwiritsidwa ntchito, kusiya mbalame kuti ziziyenda ndi njira zina.
"Tikuganiza kuti kuphatikiza kwamphamvu kwa dzuwa ndi kusokonezeka kwa geomagnetic kumabweretsa kupuma kapena kusinthira kuzinthu zina panthawi yakusamuka," adatero Tonelli. "Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti mbalame zomwe zimasamuka masana nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosiyana ndi lamuloli - zinkakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi dzuwa."
Ngakhale kuti ochita kafukufukuwo anangophunzira za mbalame zokha, njira zawo ndi zimene apeza zingathandize asayansi kumvetsa chifukwa chimene mitundu ina imene imasamuka, kuphatikizapo anamgumi, imasokonezeka kapena kusokonekera kutali ndi dera limene imakhalira nthawi zonse.
"Kafukufukuyu adalimbikitsidwa ndi nsonga za whale, ndipo tikukhulupirira kuti ntchito yathu idzathandiza asayansi ena omwe amaphunzira kuyendetsa nyama," adatero Tingley.
Kuti kafukufukuyu athe kupezeka kwa anthu owonera mbalame, Tonelli adapanga chida chozikidwa pa intaneti zomwe zimatsata zochitika za geomagnetic ndikulosera za vagrancy munthawi yeniyeni. Tracker imakhala yopanda intaneti m'nyengo yachisanu, koma idzakhalanso pompopompo kumapeto kwa masika, kusamuka kukayambanso.
Reference: "Geomagnetic disturbance yokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mbalame zakumtunda zomwe zimasamuka" lolemba Benjamin A. Tonelli, Casey Youngflesh, ndi Morgan W. Tingley, 9 January 2023, Scientific Reports.
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26586-0
