“Nthaŵi zonse ndikamalankhula, ndimalira,” iye anatero UN News, lofotokoza mmene nkhani zabodza zimafalitsira uthenga waudani umene unayambitsa chiwawa chakupha chachiwawa chosaneneka. Anataya achibale ndi mabwenzi 60 pakupha kochuluka.
Patsogolo pa chikumbutso cha UN General Assembly cha International Day of Reflection on the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda, Mayi Mutegwaraba analankhula ndi UN News za mawu achidani m'nthawi ya digito, momwe kuukira kwa 6 Januware ku United States Capitol kudadzetsa mantha akulu, momwe adapulumutsira kupha anthu, komanso momwe adafotokozera zomwe adakumana nazo, kwa mwana wake wamkazi.
Kuyankhulana kwasinthidwa kuti kumveke bwino komanso kutalika.
UN News: Mu April 1994, anthu anaitanidwa pawailesi ku Rwanda. Linati chiyani, ndipo munamva bwanji?
Henriette Mutegwaraba: Zinali zoopsa. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti kuphaku kunayamba mu April, koma kuyambira m’zaka za m’ma 1990, Boma linaziika pamenepo, m’manyuzipepala, m’nyuzipepala, ndi m’wailesi, kulimbikitsa ndi kulalikira nkhani zotsutsa Atutsi.
Mu 1994, iwo anali kulimbikitsa aliyense kupita kunyumba iliyonse, kuwasaka, kupha ana, kupha akazi. Kwa nthawi yaitali, mizu ya chidani inali yozama kwambiri m’chitaganya chathu. Kuwona Boma linali kumbuyo kwake, panalibe chiyembekezo chakuti padzakhala opulumuka.
Mnyamata wina wa zaka 14 wa ku Rwanda wa m’tauni ya Nyamata, yemwe anajambulidwa mu June 1994, anapulumuka kuphako pobisala pansi pa mitembo kwa masiku awiri.
UN News: Kodi mungafotokoze zimene zinachitika m’masiku 100 amenewo, pamene anthu oposa miliyoni imodzi anaphedwa, makamaka ndi zikwanje?
Henriette Mutegwaraba: Sizinali zikwanje zokha. Njira iliyonse yowawa yomwe mungaganizire, adagwiritsa ntchito. Anagwiririra akazi, kutsegula mimba ya amayi apakati ndi mpeni, ndi kuika anthu m’maenje amadzi amoyo. Anapha nyama zathu, anawononga nyumba zathu, ndiponso anapha banja langa lonse. Kupha anthu kutatha, ndinalibe chilichonse. Simunadziŵe ngati m’dera langa munali nyumba kapena Mtutsi aliyense kumeneko. Anaonetsetsa kuti palibe wopulumuka.
UN News: Mumachiritsa bwanji ku mantha ndi zoopsazi? Ndipo mungafotokoze bwanji zomwe zinachitikira mwana wanu wamkazi?
Henriette Mutegwaraba: Kupulula anthu kunasokoneza moyo wathu m’njira zambiri. Kudziwa ululu wanu ndikofunikira kwambiri, ndiye dzizungulirani ndi anthu omwe amamvetsetsa ndikutsimikizira nkhani yanu. Gawani nkhani yanu ndikusankha kuti musakhale wozunzidwa. Yesani kupita patsogolo. Ndinali ndi zifukwa zambiri zochitira zimenezo. Pamene ndinapulumuka, mlongo wanga wamng’ono anali ndi zaka 13 zokha, ndipo anali chifukwa chachikulu. Ndinkafuna kukhala wolimba kwa iye.
Kwa zaka zambiri, sindinkafuna kumva ululu wanga. Sindinafune kuti mwana wanga wamkazi adziwe chifukwa zikanamukhumudwitsa, ndikuwona amayi ake, omwe adavulala. Ndinalibe mayankho a mafunso ena amene anandifunsa. Atandifunsa chifukwa chake alibe agogo, ndinawauza anthu ake ngati ine alibe makolo. Sindinafune kumupatsa chiyembekezo choti adzandiona akadzayenda m'kanjira ndikukwatiwa. Panalibe chondipatsa chiyembekezo.
Tsopano, ali ndi zaka 28. Timakambirana zinthu. Anawerenga bukhu langa. Amanyadira zomwe ndikuchita.
UN News: M'buku lanu, Mwanjira Iliyonse Yofunika, mumalankhula za njira yochiritsira ndi mawu akuti "sithanso", okhudzana ndi Holocaust. Munalankhulanso za kuwukira kwa capitol ku Washington, DC pa 6 Januware 2021, kuti simunamvepo mantha kuyambira 1994 ku Rwanda. Kodi mungalankhule za zimenezo?
Henriette Mutegwaraba: Timapitiriza kunena kuti "sipadzakhalanso", ndipo zikuchitikabe: Holocaust, Cambodia, South Sudan. Anthu ku Democratic Republic of the Congo akuphedwa tsopano, monga ndikulankhula.
Chinachake chiyenera kuchitidwa. Kupha anthu kukhoza kupewa. Kupha anthu ambiri sikungochitika mwadzidzidzi. Zimayenda pang'onopang'ono pazaka, miyezi, ndi masiku, ndipo omwe akuyambitsa kuphana amadziwa bwino zomwe akufuna.
Pakali pano, dziko limene ndinaleredwa, United States, lagawanika kwambiri. Uthenga wanga ndi “wake up”. Pali zambiri zabodza zomwe zikuchitika, ndipo anthu sakulabadira. Palibe amene angadziwe zomwe zinachitika ku Rwanda. Kuphedwa kwa mafuko kumatha kuchitika kulikonse. Kodi tikuwona zizindikiro? Inde. Zinali zodabwitsa kuona zinthu ngati zimenezi zikuchitika ku United States.
Tsankho laufuko kapena fuko lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kudzetsa mantha kapena chidani kwa ena, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa mikangano ndi nkhondo, monga momwe zinachitikira ku Rwanda mu 1994.
UN News: Ngati zaka za digito zidalipo mu 1994 ku Rwanda, kodi kuphedwa kwa mafuko kukanakhala koipitsitsa?
Henriette Mutegwaraba: Zonse. Aliyense ali ndi foni kapena wailesi yakanema m'mayiko ambiri omwe akutukuka kumene. Uthenga umene unkatenga zaka zambiri kuti ufalikire, tsopano ukhoza kufalitsidwa, ndipo m’sekondi imodzi, aliyense padziko lapansi akhoza kuuona.
Pakadakhala Facebook, Tik Tok, ndi Instagram, zikadakhala zoyipa kwambiri. Anthu oipa nthaŵi zonse amapita kwa achichepere, amene maganizo awo savuta kuipitsidwa. Ndani ali pa social media tsopano? Nthawi zambiri, achinyamata.
Pa nthawi ya chiwembuchi, achinyamata ambiri adalowa m'gulu lankhondo ndipo adatenga nawo mbali, ndi chidwi. Anaimba nyimbo zotsutsa Atutsi zija, analowa m’nyumba, natenga zimene tinali nazo.
UN News: Kodi UN ingachitenji ponena za kuthetsa mawu audani oterowo ndi kuletsa kubwereza zimene mawu audaniwo anakula?
Henriette Mutegwaraba: Pali njira yoti bungwe la UN liletse nkhanza. Mu 1994 kuphedwa kwa mafuko, dziko lonse linanyalanyaza. Palibe amene anabwera kudzatithandiza pamene amayi anali kuphedwa, pamene mazana a akazi anali kugwiriridwa.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi sizidzachitikanso kwa aliyense padziko lapansi. Ndikukhulupirira kuti bungwe la UN likhoza kubwera ndi njira yochitira nkhanza mwamsanga.
Mayina a anthu omwe anaphedwa ku Wall of Rwanda Genocide ku Kigali Memorial Center
UN News: Kodi muli ndi uthenga kwa achinyamata kunja uko omwe akuyenda kudzera pawayilesi, kuwona zithunzi, ndikumva mawu achidani?
Henriette Mutegwaraba: Ndili ndi uthenga kwa makolo awo: kodi mumaphunzitsa ana anu za chikondi ndi kusamalira anansi awo ndi dera lawo? Ndiwo maziko a kulera mbadwo umene udzakonda, kulemekeza anansi, ndi kusatengera mawu audani.
Zimayamba ndi mabanja athu. Phunzitsani ana anu chikondi. Phunzitsani ana anu kuti asawone mtundu. Phunzitsani ana anu kuchita zoyenera kuti ateteze banja la anthu. Uwu ndi uthenga womwe ndili nawo.
