Mu Ogasiti 2013, patatha miyezi itatu Xi Jinping atalowa m’boma la China, m’dzikolo munabuka nkhani ya katangale yomwe inkachitika mwaluso ndi makampani opanga mankhwala ochokera m’mayiko osiyanasiyana m’dzikolo. Kampeni yomwe idakhazikitsidwa yothetsa maudindo idatha ndi kumangidwa kwa akuluakulu anayi a gulu la mayiko osiyanasiyana la Britain GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) komanso kuletsa akuluakulu ena 18 kuti asachoke m'dziko la Asia. Panthawiyo, bungwe lofalitsa nkhani la Xinhua linanena kuti ena mwa omwe akufufuzidwa anali ... akuwakayikira kuti akupereka ziphuphu kwa madokotala pomwe amawapempha kuti apereke mankhwala ochulukirapo kuti awonjezere malonda; ndipo nthawi yomweyo kukweza mitengo….
Malinga ndi kafukufuku yemwe adachitika panthawiyo, zaka khumi zapitazo, gawo lazamankhwala, chifukwa cha katangale omwe iwo eni adalimbikitsa, adayenera kukweza mtengo wogulitsa mankhwala ndi 20%. Pa nthawiyi, makampani angapo m'gawoli, kuphatikiza Johnson & Johnson, adaloledwa. Chifukwa cha kufalitsa kwakukulu kwa bungwe lofalitsa nkhani ku China, tsopano tili ndi zambiri za momwe makampani opanga mankhwala adachitira kuti agulitse mankhwala a odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kupuma m'zipatala 10 mumzinda wa Henan, Zhengzhou: ... -misonkhano yamaphunziro apamwamba kuti awathandize kukhala ndi chikoka m'magawo awo. Anakhazikitsanso maunansi aumwini abwino ndi madokotala mwa kuwapatsa zokondweretsa zawo ndi kuwapatsa ndalama zowalembera mankhwala owonjezereka.
Woimira malonda m'magulu amenewo (GSK) adanenanso kuti adalowa m'maofesi a madotolo ndipo adakwaniritsa zosowa zawo zogonana, ponena kuti akuluakulu a kampaniyo ku China amadziwa zonse zomwe zikuchitika, ndipo ena a iwo adaikapo cholinga. komabe, kukulitsa bizinesi m'derali ndi 30%.
Atangofufuza, miyezi iwiri pambuyo pake mu Julayi, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) adavomereza kuti adalowa m'malo mwa mutu wake wa subsidiary, Mark Reilly, ndi Mfalansa Hervé Gisserot. AstraZeneca, Sanofi waku France ndi Eli Lilly waku US adafufuzidwanso, ngakhale pang'ono. Womaliza adalipiranso ma euro 22 miliyoni mu United States mu December 2012 kuti atseke zonena kuti antchito ake anapereka ndalama ndi mphatso kwa akuluakulu a ku China, Brazil, Russia ndi Poland. Pfizer, imodzi mwamakampani akuluakulu azamankhwala padziko lonse lapansi, okhala ku US, adavomereza chaka chapitacho kulipira ma euro 45.3 miliyoni chifukwa cha zomwezi.
Pa nthawiyi bungwe la Food and Drug Administration lidatsimikizira kufunika kochitapo kanthu mwachangu, kusokoneza, kachiwiri. Sitiyenera kuiwala kuti zaka zapitazo, mu 2007, mkulu wa FDA, Zheng Xiaoyu, anaweruzidwa kuti aphedwe ndi kunyongedwa chifukwa chakuti analandira ndalama posinthanitsa ndi kulola malonda achinyengo kugulitsidwa.
Mayina omwe ali m'nkhaniyi ndi odziwika bwino m'misika yazaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi.
Nkhani pazaka zapitazi za 10 za malipiro a madola mamiliyoni ambiri ndi makampani opanga mankhwala pamene agwidwa pazochitikazo zimatipangitsa kuganiza kuti ife anthu ndi makasitomala chabe, nkhumba za nkhumba nthawi zina, ndi ziwerengero chabe mu malipoti a pachaka a phindu ndi kutaya.
Malinga ndi masanjidwe omwe asinthidwa mpaka 1 Januware 2023, makampani asanu akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi potengera kukula kwa msika, kapena zomwe ali oyenera, angakhale: Johnson & Johnson ($ 440.04 biliyoni), Eli Lilly ($ 320.13 biliyoni), Novo Nordisk ( $314.65 biliyoni), Merk ($275.14 biliyoni) ndi Abbvie ($261.18 biliyoni). Kusintha kwa msika wamalonda kunachitika kuyambira 2021. Masiku ano, makampani ena, monga Pfizer, mosakayikira adakwera padziko lonse lapansi phindu la msika wogulitsa.
The akatswiri portal es.statista.com, m'gawo lake la ziwerengero, imatipatsa ziwerengero zamakampani opanga mankhwala padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza chiwerengero cha 2021, chomwe chinali pafupifupi madola mabiliyoni 1.40 aku US. Ndi chiwerengero ichi, zonse zanenedwa ndi kuchitidwa. Zomwe amalipira pa milandu kapena maphwando a anthu ena okhudzana ndi zaumoyo, kaya akhale madokotala, anamwino, ndale, ndi zina zotero, ndi ndalama chabe. Sitidzanena, monga Boma la China kapena Mfumukazi ya Mitima m'nkhani ya Alice ku Wonderland, "Chotsani mitu yawo !!!", koma mwina tikhoza kunena kuti nthawi ndi nthawi chitsanzo chikhoza kupangidwa cha ena mwa iwo. makampaniwa kapena ena mwa omwe amatchedwa amalonda, omwe amakhala ochulukira muzaumoyo wapagulu komanso wabizinesi wadziko lililonse padziko lapansi.
Sources:
Nyuzipepala ya EL PAIS, Lolemba 5 August 2013, wolemba José Reinoso. https://es.statista.com/estadisticas/635153/ingresos-mundiales-del-sector-farmaceutico/
