Tsabola, mankhwala abodza, mafuta, golide, mfuti, anthu, ndi zina zambiri zikugulitsidwa kudzera m'njira zamalonda zakale zomwe zikudutsa Sahel, ndipo UN ndi anzawo akuyesa njira zatsopano zogwirira ntchito zolepheretsa omwe akufuna kuchita zinthu zosaloledwa. vuto likukulirakulira mdera losalimba la Africa lino.
Mu gawo loyamba la mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zikuwunika zankhondo yolimbana ndi kuzembetsa anthu ku Sahel, UN News imayang'ana mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zikuyambitsa kukula kwa chodabwitsachi.
Ukonde wozembetsa anthu walukidwa kudutsa Sahel, womwe umayenda pafupifupi makilomita 6,000 kuchokera ku Nyanja ya Atlantic kupita ku Nyanja Yofiira, ndipo kumakhala anthu opitilira 300 miliyoni, ku Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Gambia, Guinea, Mali. Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, ndi Senegal.
Sahel ikufotokozedwa ndi UN ngati a dera lomwe lili pamavuto: omwe amakhala kumeneko amakhala osatetezeka, kugwedezeka kwanyengo, mikangano, kulanda boma, ndi kukwera kwa magulu a zigawenga ndi zigawenga. Mabungwe a UN amayembekezera kuti kuposa anthu miliyoni 37 adzafunika thandizo lothandizira anthu mu 2023, pafupifupi 3 miliyoni kuposa mu 2022.
Kutsegula chitetezo
Chitetezo chakhala chikuvuta kwa nthawi yayitali m'derali, koma zinthu zidasokonekera kwambiri mu 2011, kutsatira kulowererapo motsogozedwa ndi NATO ku Libya, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti dzikolo lisokonezeke.
Chisokonezo chomwe chinatsatira, komanso malire olowera m'malire adalepheretsa zoyesayesa zoletsa kusefukira kosaloledwa, ndipo ozembetsa onyamula mfuti zaku Libya adakwera kupita ku Sahel chifukwa cha zigawenga komanso kufalikira kwa uchigawenga.
Magulu ankhondo tsopano akuwongolera madera a Libya, omwe akhala a malo ogulitsa. Chiwopsezo cha zigawenga chafika poipa, ndi gulu lodziwika bwino la Islamic State (ISIL). kulowa m'derali mu 2015, malinga ndi UN Security Council Woyang'anira wamkulu wa Komiti Yolimbana ndi Zigawenga (CTED).
Misika kudera la Sahel imatha kupezeka akugulitsa poyera zinthu zamitundumitundu, kuchokera kumankhwala abodza kupita kumfuti zamtundu wa AK. Kugulitsa mankhwala kaŵirikaŵiri imakhala yakupha, ikuyerekezeredwa kupha anthu 500,000 a ku sub-Saharan Africa chaka chilichonse; nthawi imodzi yokha, ana 70 aku Gambia adamwalira mu 2022 atamwa mankhwala a chifuwa chozembetsa. Mafuta ndi chinthu china chomwe chimagulitsidwa ndi osewera akulu - magulu azigawenga, maukonde achifwamba, ndi zigawenga zakomweko.
Kutseka makonde a umbanda
Pofuna kuthana ndi katangale ndi ziwopsezo zina zomwe zikuchitika, gulu la mayiko omwe ali mderali - Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, ndi Chad - adapanga, ndi thandizo la UN, Gulu Lophatikizana la Gulu la Asanu a Sahel (G5 Sahel).
Pakali pano, mgwirizano wodutsa malire ndi kuthetsa ziphuphu zikukula. Akuluakulu a boma alanda katundu wambirimbiri, ndipo makhothi athetsa maukonde. Mgwirizano, monga wongosainidwa kumene Mgwirizano wa Côte d'Ivoire-Nigeria, akulimbana ndi malonda a mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Ofesi ya UN pa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo ndi Upandu (UNODC) ndi wosewera wotsogola poyesa kulimbikitsa chitetezo poletsa kuzembetsa.
Mu 2020, mwachitsanzo, KAFO II, a Ntchito ya UNODC-INTERPOL, anatsekereza njira yopezera zigawenga zomwe zimapita ku Sahel, pomwe apolisi adalanda katundu wambiri: mfuti 50, ndodo za dynamite 40,593, zipolopolo 6,162, makilogramu 1,473 a chamba ndi khat, mabokosi 2,263 amafuta oletsedwa, malita 60,000. .
Ntchito zopweteka monga KAFO II zimapereka chidziwitso chamtengo wapatali pazochitika zamalonda zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira komanso zophatikizika, kuwonetsa kufunikira kolumikiza madontho pakati pa milandu yaupandu yokhudzana ndi mfuti ndi zigawenga m'maiko osiyanasiyana, ndikutsata njira zachigawo.
Kulimbana ndi ziphuphu
Malingaliro awa amathandizidwa ndi malipoti atsopano a UNODC, kupanga mapu a ochita masewera, othandizira, njira, ndi kuchuluka kwa malonda, kuwulula ulusi wofanana pakati pa kusakhazikika ndi chipwirikiti, ndikupereka malingaliro oti achite.
Chimodzi mwa nkhanizi ndi katangale, ndipo malipotiwo akupempha kuti makhoti apite patsogolo. Ndondomeko ya ndende iyeneranso kuchitidwa, chifukwa malo otsekera akhoza kukhala "yunivesite ya zigawenga" kuti awonjezere maukonde awo.
François Patuel, mkulu wa bungwe la UNODC Research and Awareness Unit, anati: "Kuphatikizira zoyesayesa ndikutenga njira yachigawo kupangitsa kuti zinthu ziziyenda bwino m'derali."
Mavuto abweretsa 'chiwopsezo chapadziko lonse lapansi'
Kulimbana ndi umbanda wolinganizidwa ndi mzati wapakati pankhondo yokulirapo yothana ndi vuto lachitetezo mderali, lomwe UN Mlembi Wamkulu António Guterres akuti zimabweretsa chiwopsezo padziko lonse lapansi.
"Ngati palibe chomwe chachitika, zotsatira zauchigawenga, ziwawa zachiwawa, ndi zigawenga zowonongeka zidzamveka kutali ndi dera komanso Africa," Bambo Guterres anachenjeza mu 2022. zoyesayesa zomwe zilipo. ”
Momwe UN imathandizira anthu aku Sahel
- Ofesi ya UN ya High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) wapereka kuthandizira mwachindunji ku G5 Sahel Force kugwira ntchito ndi kukhazikitsa njira zochepetsera kuvulaza anthu wamba ndikuyankha zophwanya malamulo.
- UNODC nthawi zonse imalumikizana ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi komanso apadziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza INTERPOL, kutsamwitsa njira zogulitsira.
- Bungwe la International Organisation for Migration (IOM) dongosolo loyankhira mavuto ikufuna kufikitsa anthu pafupifupi 2 miliyoni omwe akhudzidwa ndikukambirana zomwe zimayambitsa kusakhazikika, ndikuyang'ana kwambiri kufooka kwa malire.
- WHO idayambitsa pulogalamu ya pempho ladzidzidzi kuti athandizire ntchito zaumoyo m'derali mu 2022, ndikugwira ntchito ndi othandizira azaumoyo 350 m'maiko asanu ndi limodzi.
- UN Integrated Strategy for the Sahel (UNISS) imapereka chitsogozo cha zoyesayesa zapadziko lonse lapansi m'maiko 10.
- The UN Support Plan chifukwa Sahel ikupitiriza kulimbikitsa mgwirizano ndi mgwirizano kuti ukhale wogwira mtima komanso wopereka zotsatira zokhudzana ndi ndondomeko ya UNISS, mogwirizana ndi Security Council. chigamulo 2391.
© UNICEF/Gilbertson - Asilikali a Nigerien akulondera m'chipululu cha Sahara akulimbana ndi magulu a zigawenga kuphatikizapo ISIL ndi Boko Haram.
