Makina amodzi okha amatha kusintha antchito 100
Otola tiyi ku Kenya amawononga makina omwe abweretsedwa kuti alowe m'malo mwa ziwonetsero zachiwawa zomwe zikuwonetsa zovuta zomwe ogwira ntchito akukumana nazo chifukwa makampani ambiri azaulimi amadalira makina kuti achepetse ndalama, inatero Semafor Africa.
Malinga ndi malipoti atolankhani akumaloko, makina othyola tiyi osachepera 10 adawotchedwa paziwonetsero zazaka zapitazi. Paziwonetsero zaposachedwa, munthu wina wachita ziwonetsero adaphedwa ndipo anthu angapo avulala, kuphatikiza apolisi 23 ndi ogwira ntchito m'mafamu. Bungwe la Kenya Tea Growers Association (KTGA) linanena kuti mtengo wa makina owonongekawo ndi $ 1.2 miliyoni pambuyo poti makina asanu ndi anayi a Ekaterra, omwe amapanga mtundu wogulitsidwa kwambiri wa tiyi wa Lipton, adawonongeka mu Meyi.
M'mwezi wa Marichi, gulu logwira ntchito m'boma linalimbikitsa kuti makampani a tiyi ku Kericho, mzinda waukulu kwambiri womwe amakhala ndi minda yambiri ya tiyi mdziko muno, atengere chiŵerengero chatsopano cha 60:40 pakati pa kuthyola tiyi pamakina ndi pamanja. Bungweli likufunanso kuti pakhazikitsidwe malamulo oletsa kuitanitsa makina othyola tiyi kunja. Nicholas Kirui, membala wa gulu logwira ntchito komanso wamkulu wakale wa KTGA, akuuza Semafor Africa kuti ku Kericho County kokha, ntchito 30,000 zatayika chifukwa cha makina mzaka khumi zapitazi.
"Tidachita misonkhano ya anthu m'maboma onse ndi magulu osiyanasiyana, ndipo malingaliro ochulukirapo omwe tidamva ndikuti makinawo apite," akutero Kirui.
Mu 2021, Kenya idagulitsa tiyi wamtengo wapatali $ 1.2 biliyoni, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti tiyi ikhale yachitatu padziko lonse lapansi, pambuyo pa China ndi Sri Lanka. Makampani amitundu yosiyanasiyana kuphatikiza a Browns Investments, George Williamson ndi Ekaterra - omwe adagulitsidwa ndi Unilever ku kampani yabizinesi yabizinesi mu Julayi 2022 - abzala tiyi pafupifupi maekala 200,000 ku Kericho ndipo onse ayamba kukolola mwamakani.
Makina ena akuti amatha kusintha antchito 100. Mkulu woona zamakampani ku Ekaterra ku Kenya, a Sammy Kirui, akuti kugwiritsa ntchito makina "ndikovuta" pantchito zamakampani komanso mpikisano wapadziko lonse wa tiyi waku Kenya. Boma lapeza kuti makina atha kuchepetsa mtengo wothyola tiyi kufika pa 3 cent pa kilogalamu kuyerekeza ndi ma cent 11 pa kilogalamu yotolera m’manja.
Akatswiri ena amati kuchuluka kwa kusowa kwa ntchito ku Kenya - komwe ndipamwamba kwambiri ku East Africa - kumapangidwa ndi mafakitale kuphatikiza mabanki ndi inshuwaransi. M'gawo lomaliza la 2022, pafupifupi 13.9% ya aku Kenya azaka zogwira ntchito (opitilira 16) anali osagwira ntchito kapena osagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali.
Makinawa apitiliza kukula mwachangu osati kumidzi yaku Kenya kokha, komanso m'magawo ena amayiko aku Africa - makamaka pakufalikira kwa luntha lochita kupanga. Mkwiyo m'malo othyola tiyi ukhoza kukhala chizindikiro choyambirira cha mikangano yamtsogolo ngati maboma ndi makampani sapeza njira zothandizira ogwira ntchito.
Ambiri mwa otola tiyi ndi achichepere, ambiri ndi azimayi, ndipo nthawi zambiri alibe mwayi ndi luso lotukuka kunja kwa gawo la tiyi. Kuphunzitsanso ogwira ntchito m'mafamu, komanso kupanga ntchito zambiri komanso kusokoneza chuma cha anthu omwe amalima tiyi, zidzakhala zofunikira kwambiri polimbana ndi chiwawa ndi mkwiyo womwe ukukula.
"Unduna wanga wadzipereka kutsegulira msika wogwira ntchito kuti awonjezere mwayi wantchito kwa aku Kenya," Mlembi wa nduna ya zantchito a Florence Bore adatero paulendo wopita ku Kericho, patatha masiku angapo ziwonetsero zaposachedwa mu Meyi. Ananenanso kuti akuyesetsa kuthetsa mkangano womwe ulipo pakati pa anthu amderali ndi makampani a tiyi.
Makampani abizinesi amathanso kutenga nawo gawo pophunzitsanso antchito. Kirui adagawana kuti Ekaterra ikufuna kuyanjana ndi anthu amderali pama projekiti okhudzana ndi maphunziro aukadaulo ndi maphunziro aukadaulo.
Makina amapangitsa bizinesi kukhala yomveka kwa alimi a tiyi ndipo sangalekerere makina otolera tiyi omwe amachepetsa mtengo wawo. Koma mchitidwewu uyenera kupitiriza kuvulaza anthu akumidzi, kumene ogwira ntchito m’mafamu ndi ofunika kwambiri pazachuma. Ogwira ntchito ndi okhalamo apitiliza kukana kusinthaku chifukwa alibe njira zina zogwirira ntchito.
Wogulitsa tiyi wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ndi China. M'nkhani yomwe ikuyitanitsa makina othyola tiyi mwaluso ku China, yomwe idasindikizidwa mu Marichi, Wu Luofa wa Institute of Agricultural Engineering pa Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences ananena kuti kuthyola tiyi pamanja kumayimira ndalama zopitirira theka la mtengo wopangira tiyi.
"Kupanga ndi kulimbikitsa makina otolera tiyi ndizopindulitsa kuonjezera zokolola za anthu ogwira ntchito, kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, kuonjezera mpikisano wamsika wa tiyi ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika cha makampani a tiyi," adatero.
Malinga ndi a Tabitha Njuguna, mkulu wa bungwe la African Commodity Exchange AFEX ku Kenya, kukhazikitsidwa kwaukadaulo ndi makina ndikofunika kwambiri pakutsegula mwayi waulimi mu Africa motero kuyenera kulandiridwa ngakhale osakhutira ndi antchito ena.
"Timapeza kuti kusokonezeka komwe kungachitike chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwaukadaulo ndi makina kumatha kuwoneka kowopsa, koma ndikofunikira kuti onse ogwira nawo ntchito (mabungwe aulimi, alimi, okonza mapulani) omwe akukhudzidwa awaone ngati osapeŵeka akuuza Semafor Africa.
M'mwezi wa February, zolemba za BBC zidawonetsa zachipongwe komanso nkhanza zomwe zafala m'mafamu a tiyi ku Kericho, pomwe azimayi 70 adazunzidwa ndi mameneja awo m'minda yamakampani aku Britain Unilever ndi James Finlay.
