Mateyu 6:19 . Musadzikundikire nokha chuma padziko lapansi, pamene njenjete ndi dzimbiri ziwononga, ndi pamene mbala zithyola ndi kuba;
Mu ndime iyi, Mpulumutsi nthawi yomweyo amapita ku phunziro lomwe likuwoneka kuti silikugwirizana ndi malangizo ake akale. Tsang akufotokoza kugwirizana kumeneku motere: “Yesu, polankhula ndi ophunzira ake khamu la Ayuda likumva, sanalalikire pano motsutsa malingaliro achikunja ndi akudziko (onani Luka 12:13-31), koma akusonyeza kusagwirizana kotere ndi umulungu, kumene ophunzira ayenera kusamalira. Apa ndi pamene pali kugwirizana ndi zigawo za kale za mawu. Kufikira nthaŵi imeneyo, Afarisi anali kuonedwa ndi anthu makamaka monga anthu opembedza, koma ndi changu chaumulungu, chimene Yesu Kristu sanakane konse kaamba ka iwo, zokonda zadziko zinagwirizanitsidwa ndi Afarisi ndi arabi ambiri. Pafupi ndi kunyada ( Mat. 6:2, 5, 16, 23:5–8; Lk. 14:1, 7-11; Yoh. 5:44, 7:18, 12:43 ) makamaka chikondi chawo chimasonyezedwa. cha ndalama. Motero, gawo limene tikukambiranali likufotokozanso lemba la Mateyu 5:20 .
Kungalingaliridwe kuti lingaliro loterolo limavumbula molondola chomwe kugwirizanako kuli, ngati palidi limodzi pakati pa zigawo zosiyanazi. Koma kugwirizana kungafotokozedwe momveka bwino. Timaganiza kuti Ulaliki wonse wa pa Phiri uli mpambo wa chowonadi chodziŵika bwino, ndipo kuti nthaŵi zina kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kupeza kugwirizana pakati pawo, monga momwe kulili kovuta kuupeza mu dikishonale pakati pa mawu osindikizidwa patsamba limodzi. N’zosatheka kuti musaone kuti maganizo a Tsan okhudza kugwirizana koteroko ndi ongopeka, ndipo, mulimonse, kugwirizana koteroko sikunawonekere kwa ophunzira amene Yesu Kristu analankhula nawo, ndi anthu. Kutengera malingaliro awa, tili ndi ufulu wonse wolingalira vesili ngati chiyambi cha gawo latsopano, lomwe likunena za mitu yatsopano, komanso, popanda ubale wapamtima ndi Afarisi kapena Amitundu.
Khristu mu Ulaliki wa pa Phiri osati wotsutsa monga momwe amaphunzitsira. Iye sagwiritsa ntchito zidzudzulo chifukwa cha iwo eni, koma kachiwiri - ndi cholinga chomwecho - kuphunzitsa. Ngati munthu angaganize kugwirizana pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za Ulaliki wa pa Phiri, ndiye kuti zikuoneka kuti zikugwirizana ndi zisonyezero zosiyanasiyana za malingaliro opotoka a chilungamo, amene ali mikhalidwe ya munthu wachibadwa. Ulusi wa ulaliki wa pa Phiri ndi kufotokoza kwa malingaliro opotoka amenewa ndiyeno kufotokoza zimene mfundo zoona, zolondola ziyenera kukhala. Pakati pa malingaliro opotoka a munthu wochimwa ndi wachibadwa pali malingaliro ake ndi malingaliro ake pa zinthu zadziko. Ndipo apa Mpulumutsi amalolanso kuti anthu agwirizane ndi chiphunzitso choperekedwa ndi Iye, ndi kuunika kokha kumene ntchito yamakhalidwe abwino ingatheke, yomwe ili ndi cholinga cha kusintha kwa makhalidwe a munthu, koma osati ntchito iyi yokha.
Lingaliro lolondola ndi lachisawawa la chuma chapadziko lapansi ndilakuti: “Musadzikundikire nokha chuma padziko lapansi. Palibe chifukwa chotsutsana, monga momwe Tsang amachitira, ngati pano "ndalama zazikulu" zokha, "kusonkhanitsa malipilo akuluakulu", kusangalala kwawo ndi anthu osasamala, kapenanso kusonkhanitsa mitu yosafunika, kusamalira mkate wa tsiku ndi tsiku kumatanthawuza. Mpulumutsi sakuwoneka kuti amalankhulanso. Iye akufotokoza kokha kawonedwe kolondola ka chuma chapadziko lapansi ndipo akunena kuti katundu wawo mwa iwo okha ayenera kuletsa anthu kuwachitira iwo mwachikondi chapadera, kupanga kupeza kwawo kukhala cholinga cha moyo wawo. Makhalidwe a chuma chapadziko lapansi, chosonyezedwa ndi Kristu, ayenera kukumbutsa anthu za kusapeza, ndipo chotsiriziracho chiyenera kutsimikizira maganizo a munthu pa chuma ndi, makamaka, ku zinthu zapadziko lapansi. Poona zimenezi, munthu wolemera akhoza kukhala wopanda zinthu ngati wosauka. Chilichonse, ngakhale "ndalama zazikulu" ndi "kusonkhanitsa mitu yayikulu" zitha kukhala zolondola komanso zovomerezeka pamalingaliro amakhalidwe abwino, ngati mzimu wakusapeza, wosonyezedwa ndi Khristu, umalowetsedwa muzochita izi za munthu. Khristu safuna kudziletsa kwa munthu.
"Musadzikundikire nokha chuma padziko lapansi" (μὴ θησαυρίζετε θησαυρούς) zingawoneke ngati zitamasuliridwa bwino motere: musayamikire chuma padziko lapansi, ndipo "padziko lapansi" sichidzanena za chuma, koma " musapindule” (“musatole”). Iwo. osasonkhanitsa pansi. Ngati “padziko lapansi” kutanthauza “chuma”, mwachitsanzo, ngati “chuma chapadziko” chikadanenedwa apa, ndiye, choyamba, mwina chikanayima, θησαυρούς τοὺς ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς, monga zikanakhalira mu ndime yotsatira, kapena, mwina, Kutanthauzira kwa mawu. Koma chisonyezero cha Tzan chakuti ngati “padziko lapansi” anatchula chuma, ndiye kuti munthu angayembekezere οὕς m’malo mwa ὅπου pano, sangavomerezedwe, chifukwa οὕς angakhoze kuima m’zochitika zonsezo. N’chifukwa chiyani sitiyenera kudziunjikira chuma padziko lapansi? Chifukwa ( ὅπου ηαβετ ᾳιμ αετιολογιαε ) kumeneko “njenjete ndi dzimbiri zimaononga, ndi akuba athyola ndi kuba. “Moth” (σής) – ofanana ndi liwu lachihebri lakuti “sas” ( Yes.51:8 – kamodzi kokha m’Baibulo) ndipo liri ndi tanthauzo lofananalo – liyenera kutengedwa mwachisawawa ponena za kachirombo kowononga katundu. Komanso mawu akuti dzimbiri, kutanthauza dzimbiri. Ndi mawu otsirizawa munthu ayenera kumvetsa kuvunda kwa mtundu uliwonse, chifukwa Mpulumutsi sanafune, ndithudi, kunena kuti zinthu zokhazo zomwe zimawonongeka ndi njenjete kapena dzimbiri siziyenera kusungidwa (ngakhale tanthauzo lenileni la mawu awa liri. izi), koma zinangonenedwa mwachisawawa; mawu otsatirawa akunenedwa m'lingaliro lomwelo, chifukwa chifukwa cha zotayika sikungokumba ndi kuba m'lingaliro lenileni. Malo ofananawo ali pa Yakobo 5:2-3 . Arabi anali ndi liwu lodziwika bwino la dzimbiri, “chaluda” (Tolyuk, 1856).
Mateyu 6:20 . koma mudzikundikire nokha chuma m’Mwamba, pamene njenjete kapena dzimbiri siziwononga, ndipo mbala siziboola ndi kuba;
Zosiyana ndi zam'mbuyomo. Ndithudi, mwachiwonekere, chuma chauzimu chimene sichingawonongedwe mofanana ndi chapadziko lapansi. Koma palibe tanthauzo lapafupi la chimene chuma chauzimu chimenechi chiyenera kukhala nacho (onani 1 Petro 1:4-9; 2 Akorinto 4:17). Kufotokozera apa kumangofuna kuti "musawononge" ( ἀφανίζει - mawu omwewo omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito mu vesi 16 ponena za anthu). Ἀφανίζω (kuchokera ku φαίνω) apa amatanthauza "kuchotsa pamaso", motero - kuwononga, kuwononga, kuwononga. Mamangidwe ena onse ndi mafotokozedwe ali ofanana ndi vesi 19.
Mateyu 6:21 . pakuti kumene kuli chuma chako, mtima wakonso udzakhala komweko.
Tanthauzo lake ndi lomveka bwino. Moyo wa mtima wa munthu umakhazikika pa izi ndi zomwe munthu amakonda. Munthu samangokonda izi kapena chumacho, komanso amakhala ndi moyo kapena amayesa kukhala pafupi nawo komanso nawo. Mogwirizana ndi chuma chimene munthu amakonda, chapadziko lapansi kapena chakumwamba, moyo wake umakhala wapadziko lapansi kapena wakumwamba. Ngati chikondi cha chuma chapadziko lapansi chilili mu mtima wa munthu, ndiye kuti chuma chakumwamba chimazimiririka kwa iye, ndipo mosiyana ndi iyeyo. Apa m'mawu a Mpulumutsi pali kukhudzika kozama ndi kufotokozera zachinsinsi, maganizo a umunthu. Nthawi zambiri timaoneka kuti timangoganizira za chuma chakumwamba, koma ndi mitima yathu timamangirizidwa ku zapadziko lapansi zokha, ndipo zokhumba zathu zopita kumwamba zimangokhala maonekedwe ndi chifukwa chobisalira maso athu ochuluka chikondi chathu chifukwa cha chuma cha padziko lapansi chokha.
M'malo mwa "wanu" Tischendorf, Westcote, Hort ndi ena - "chuma chanu", "mtima wanu". Choncho pamaziko a maulamuliro abwino kwambiri. Mwinamwake m’mawu olandirira ndi mawu opendekeka ambiri akuti “yanu” aloŵedwa m’malo ndi liwu lakuti “yanu” kuti agwirizane ndi Luka 12:34 , pamene mawu akuti “anu” sakukayikira. Cholinga cha kugwiritsira ntchito mawu akuti “zanu” m’malo mwa “anu” mwina chinali kusonyeza umunthu wa mtima wa munthu ndi zokhumba zake, limodzinso ndi kusiyanasiyana kwake kopanda malire. Wina amakonda chinthu china, wina amakonda china. Mawu odziŵika bwino akuti “mtima wanga ukunama” kapena “unama kwa ameneyu” ali pafupifupi ofanana ndi mawu a Uthenga Wabwino wa vesi limeneli. Tinganene motere: “Chimene ulingalira chuma chako chili kuti, komweko ndi zolingalira za mtima wako ndi chikondi chako.”
Mateyu 6:22 . Nyali ya thupi ndiyo diso. Chotero ngati diso lako lili loyera, thupi lako lonse lidzakhala lowala.
Mateyu 6:23 . koma ngati diso lako lili loyipa, thupi lako lonse lidzakhala lodetsedwa. Tsono ngati kuunika komwe kuli mwa iwe kuli mdima, mdimawo ndi wotani?
Kutanthauzira kwa malo awa ndi olemba tchalitchi akale kunasiyanitsidwa ndi kuphweka ndi kumvetsetsa kwenikweni. Chrysostom amavomereza kuti “woyera” (ἁπλοῦς) m’tanthauzo la “wathanzi” (ὑγιής) ndipo amamasulira motere: “Pakuti monga diso lolunjika pa chinthu chimodzi, lathanzi, liunika thupi, ndipo ngati lili lopyapyala, lopweteka, limachita mdima. maganizo amadetsedwa ndi chisamaliro. Jerome: “Monga momwe thupi lathu lonse liri mumdima, ngati diso silolunjika pa chinthu chimodzi (losavuta), chotero ngati mzimu wataya kuwala kwake koyambirira, ndiye kuti kumverera konseko (mbali ya chithupithupi cha moyo) kumakhalabe mumdima.” Augustine amamvetsetsa ndi diso zolinga za munthu - ngati zili zoyera ndi zolondola, ndiye kuti zochita zathu zonse, zochokera ku zolinga zathu, ndi zabwino.
Omasulira ena amakono amaona nkhaniyi mosiyana. “Lingaliro la vesi 22,” akutero mmodzi wa iwo, “liri lopanda nzeru—kuti diso ndilo chiwalo chimene kuwala kumafikira thupi lonse, ndi kuti pali diso lauzimu limene kuunika kwauzimu kumalowa ndi kuunikira thupi lonse. umunthu wa munthu. Diso lauzimu limeneli liyenera kukhala loyera, apo ayi kuwala sikungaloŵe ndipo munthu wamkati amakhala mumdima.” Koma ngakhale kuchokera kumalingaliro a sayansi yamakono, ndi chiwalo china chiti chomwe chingatchedwe nyali (osachepera thupi), ngati si diso? Lingaliro la vesi 22, chifukwa chake, siliri ngati "lopanda pake" monga likuganiziridwa, makamaka popeza Mpulumutsi sagwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "amapeza mwayi", "kulowa", omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe amadziwa bwino zomwe zachitika posachedwa. sayansi yachilengedwe. Holtzman amatcha diso "chiwalo chapadera chowunikira (Lichtorgan), chomwe thupi limakhala ndi mphamvu zake zonse zowunikira." Mosakayikira, diso ndilo chiwalo cha kuzindikira kwawo. Ngati diso silili loyera, ndiye kuti - zilizonse mwamawu awa omwe timasankha - zowunikira zomwe timalandira sizikhala ndi moyo, nthawi zonse komanso mphamvu monga diso lathanzi liri nalo. Nzowona kuti, malinga ndi lingaliro la sayansi yamakono, mawu akuti: “nyali ya thupi ndilo diso” angawonekere kukhala osamvekera bwino ndi olondola mwasayansi. Koma Mpulumutsi sanalankhule chinenero chamakono cha sayansi kwa ife. Kumbali ina, sayansi yamakono si yachilendo ku zolakwika zoterozo, mwachitsanzo, “dzuŵa limatuluka ndi kulowa,” pamene dzuŵa limakhala losasunthika, ndipo palibe amene ayenera kuimbidwa mlandu chifukwa cha zolakwika zoterozo. Chifukwa chake, mawuwa ayenera kuonedwa kuti ndi olondola komanso ofanana ndi mawu asayansi amakono: diso ndi chiwalo chowonera zowunikira. Ndi kumvetsetsa kumeneku, palibe chifukwa chowonjezera kulingalira, monga ngati kulingalira kosiyana kwa vesi ili ndi vesi lotsatirali kumapangitsa kusiyana pakati pa kuwolowa manja ndi zachifundo, ndi kuti, malinga ndi axiom ya Chiyuda, "diso labwino" ndilo dzina lophiphiritsira. wa kuwolowa manja, "diso loyipa" - kulumala. N’zoona kuti m’malo angapo m’Malemba maso “adyera” ndi “ansanje” amagwiritsidwa ntchito m’lingaliro limeneli ( Deut. 15:9, 28:54-56; Miyambo 23:6, 28:22, 22:9; Tov. 4:7; Ambuye 14:10). Koma m'ndime yomwe ikukambidwayo palibe zokamba za kuwolowa manja kapena kupereka mphatso, koma zimangochitika zomwe ziyenera kukhala malingaliro amunthu pazinthu zapadziko lapansi. M’menemo ndi kulumikizana kwa ndime 22 ndi 23 ndi mawu am’mbuyomo. Diso lamdima, lonyowa, lowawa limakonda kusinkhasinkha kwambiri zapadziko lapansi; n’kovuta kwa iye kuyang’ana kuwala kowala, kumwamba. Malinga ndi Bengel, mawu a m’Malemba osonyeza kuphweka (ἁπλοῦς, ἀπλότης) sagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika. Zosavuta ndi zachifundo, kukhala ndi zolinga zakumwamba, kuyesetsa kwa Mulungu - chinthu chomwecho.
Mu ndime 23, zosiyana ndi mawu apitawo. Ziganizo zomalizira za vesili zakhala zikuoneka zovuta. Munthu angathe kuona m’malo ano kasewero kakang’ono kwambiri ka mawu komanso kobisika ka mawu ndi kumasulira mofanana ndi m’Chirasha chathu (m’matembenuzidwe achi Slavic – “tma kolmi” – ndendende, koma osamveka bwino) ndi Vulgate (ipsae tenebrae quantae sunt), popanda kutchula liwu lakuti “mdima” ku “maganizo a mkati mwa munthu, zilakolako zake ndi zilakolako zake”. Tanthauzo lomalizali ndi lowonjezera komanso losayenera, popeza zithunzi ndi mafanizo amaimira ubale wauzimu wamkati. Fanizoli likuchokera pa kusiyana kwa madigiri a mdima, kuyambira kusowa kuwala, madzulo, ndi kutha ndi mdima wathunthu. Diso ndi lopanda thanzi (πονηρός) mosiyana ndi lathanzi (ἁπλοῦς), ndipo thupi limakhala lowala pang'ono; mwa kuyankhula kwina, diso limawona kuwala pang'ono, ndipo, kuwonjezerapo, malingaliro olakwika. Choncho “ngati kuunika mwa inu” kuli ngati mdima, ndiye “mdima wochuluka bwanji”. Grimm akulongosola mawu ameneŵa motere: “Ngati kuunika kwanu kwamkati kuli mdima (mdima), ndiko kuti, ngati maganizo alibe mphamvu ya kuzindikira, mdimawo udzakhala waukulu chotani nanga (komwe uli womvetsa chisoni kwambiri poyerekezera ndi khungu la thupi. ). Σκότος amatanthauza zomwe zimatchedwa "kusinthasintha" kwa anthu akale, omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito mwa amuna ndi akazi. Mu Mateyu 6:23 – jenda lachilendo ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza “kudwala”, “chiwonongeko” (cf. Yohane 3:19; Machitidwe 26:18; 2 Akor. 4:6 – Kremer).
(zipitilizidwa)
Gwero: Baibulo Lofotokozera, kapena Ndemanga za mabuku onse a Malemba Opatulika a Chipangano Chakale ndi Chatsopano: m'mabuku 7 / ed. AP Lopukhin. - Kusindikiza kwachinayi, Moscow: Dar, 2009 (mu Chirasha).
