Kuyankhulana ndi Architect Volodymyr Meshcheriakov, yemwe adatsogolera kumangidwanso kwa tchalitchi cha mbiri yakale mu 2000-2010, chomwe chinawonongedwa ndi Stalin mu 1930s.
Wolemba Dr Ievgeniia Gidulianova
Zima Zambiri (14.09.2023) - Mu Ogasiti 2023, pasanathe mwezi umodzi kuchokera pamene mzinga waku Russia udawononga kwambiri Transfiguration Cathedral ya Odesa, Wopanga mapulani Volodymyr Meshcheriakov (*) anali padoko la Ukraine kuti awone zomwe zidawonongeka ku Russia.
Meshcheriakov - umunthu amene dzina mwachindunji chikugwirizana ndi mbiri ya kumangidwanso kwa Odesa Cathedral wa kusandulika kwa Mpulumutsi, amene anawonongedwa kwathunthu mu nthawi ya Stalin.
Mu 1999, gulu la omanga pansi utsogoleri wake anali wopambana pa kuitana dziko ntchito yomanganso Odesa Cathedral wa Kusintha kwa Mpulumutsi. Tchalitchichi chinamangidwanso mu 2000-2010 pamaziko a ntchito yake ndipo adapatsidwa Mphotho ya Boma la Ukraine pantchito yomanganso tchalitchi cha Odesa. Iye ndi mlembi wa monograph pa mutu uwu.
Kuyankhulana
Q.: Kuchokera pamalingaliro anu akatswiri, mumawona bwanji kuchuluka kwa chiwonongeko chomwe chidachitika ku Transfiguration Cathedral chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa mizinga yaku Russia pa Odesa usiku wa 23 July 2023?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: Roketiyo inadutsa pamwamba pa denga pamwamba pa guwa lamanja, ndikuwononga pansi pa tchalitchi chachikulu ndi zipinda ziwiri za pansi pa nthaka za konkire za pansi pa Сthedral. Makoma a mbali imeneyi ya nyumbayo anawonongeka kwambiri. Zoposa 70% za nyumba zapadenga ndi zophimba zamkuwa za Cathedral zinawonongedwa kapena kuonongeka ndi shrapnel ndi kuphulika kwafunde. Pafupifupi zokutira zonse zamkuwa za denga la tchalitchichi zimatha kugwetsedwa ndi kubwezeretsedwanso. Kukongoletsa mwaluso kwa malo a kumtunda kwa nyumbayo kunali pafupi kuwonongedwa. Ma iconostases onse adawonongedwanso bwino - marble imodzi ndi mbali ziwiri. Pansi pa miyala ya nsangalabwi inawonongeka kwambiri ndi zidutswa za roketi.
Q.: Kodi mukuganiza kuti zidzatenga ndalama zingati kuti zibwezeretsedwe kwathunthu tchalitchi cha Odesa Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Saviour?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: Ndalama zenizeni zomwe zimafunikira kuti zibwezeretsedwe kwathunthu kwa Cathedral zitha kutsimikiziridwa pamaziko a chitukuko cha kafukufuku wasayansi, kapangidwe kake ndi kuyerekeza zolemba zantchito yofunikira. Kukonzekera zolembedwa za kafukufuku watsatanetsatane, kugwetsa ndi kubwezeretsanso nyumba zowonongeka, zokongoletsera zomangamanga ndi zaluso mkati ndi kunja kwa Cathedral ndi ntchito yaikulu yomwe ingatenge zaka zingapo. Pakalipano, chitukuko cha zolemba zoterezi malinga ndi chidziwitso changa sichikuchitika, malingaliro a ntchito yotereyi ndi magwero a ndalama sizinadziwike.
Ndine katswiri wazamalamulo ku Unduna wa Zachilungamo ku Ukraine ndipo ndikukhulupirira kuti chimodzi mwazinthu zolembedwa pakubwezeretsedwa kwa Cathedral ndi zinthu zina zowonongedwa ziyenera kukhala lipoti lazamalamulo lomwe limakhala ndi ziganizo komanso kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka. M'malingaliro anga, ndalamazi zitha kukhala zofanana ndi madola 5 miliyoni. Ndalama zomwe zikufunika kuti abwezeretsenso Cathedral mu mawonekedwe ake oyambirira akhoza kubweretsedwa kukhoti kuti alipire dziko lachiwawalo.
Q.: Zingatenge nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti abwezeretsedwe?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: Ndikuganiza kuti pambuyo pozindikira magwero a ndalama, opereka ndalama ndi makampani omanganso, zidzatenga zaka 5 mpaka 10 za ntchito yaikulu komanso yoyenerera kuti abwezeretsenso Cathedral. Tsopano, choyamba, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana tchalitchichi ndikukonzekera kuyerekeza kwa mapangidwe kuti abwezeretsedwe.
Cathedral inamangidwa ndi kumangidwanso pang'onopang'ono kwa zaka zoposa zana. Cathedral Square idasankhidwa mu 1794 pa pulani yoyamba ya Odesa yopangidwa ndi injiniya wankhondo waku Dutch Franz De Volan. Pambuyo pomanganso komaliza mu 1900-1903, idakhala anthu okwana 12,000 ndipo inali tchalitchi chachikulu kwambiri kumwera kwa Ukraine, likulu la moyo wauzimu wa anthu okhala ku Odesa.
Mu 1936, Odesa Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior anabedwa ndi kuwonongedwa ndi akuluakulu a Soviet Union, monga matchalitchi ena ambiri mu USSR.
Mu 1991, ndinayamba kusonkhanitsa deta yoyambirira ndi zidziwitso zina za Cathedral, ndipo mu 1993, motsogozedwa ndi ine, ntchito yoyamba yomanganso malo otayika a chikhalidwe cha Ukraine idamalizidwa.
Mu 1999 ntchito yathu yomanganso Cathedral idapambana mpikisano wadziko lonse ndipo tidapitilira kupititsa patsogolo ntchitoyi. Tchalitchichi chinamangidwa m'magawo atatu, kuyambira mu 2000. Zaka 2007 popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za boma, pokhapokha zopereka zochokera kwa nzika, mabizinesi ndi mabungwe ena osiyanasiyana. Bungwe la Black Sea Orthodox Fund linakhazikitsidwa ku Odesa kuti litenge ndalama ndi zopereka zopangira, kumanga ndi kukongoletsa zojambulajambula za Cathedral.
Q.: Kodi pali ntchito zilizonse zomwe zikuchitika kale zokhudzana ndi njira zomwe zikufunika kuti zisungidwe ndikuteteza tchalitchichi ngati cholowa cha chikhalidwe cha Ukraine kuti chisawonongedwenso?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: Pakalipano, chifukwa cha zoyesayesa za nzika, zinyalala za zidutswa za nyumba zowonongeka ndi mkati mwa Cathedral zachotsedwa. Chinthu chachikulu tsopano ndikuyika chophimba chosakhalitsa isanafike nthawi ya autumn-yozizira, kuteteza zamkati ku mvula ndi matalala. Ntchito mbali iyi ikuchitika mwachangu, koma sizokwanira m'malingaliro mwanga.
Mphamvu zonse ndi njira zaku Ukraine tsopano zikufuna kuonetsetsa kuti gulu lankhondo laku Ukraine ligonjetse mdani woyipa - Russia wa Putin. Komanso, choyamba, nzika za ku Ukraine zomwe nyumba zawo zawonongeka zimafunikira thandizo la ndalama. Nyumba ya Cathedral ndi ya Odesa Diocese ya Chiyukireniya Orthodox Church (UOC), yomwe imathandizanso anthu othawa kwawo ndipo ilibe ndalama zambiri zobwezeretsanso Cathedral ya Transfiguration.
Q. Ndani ku Ukraine analonjeza kuti athandize kumanganso? Kodi zopereka zawo zolonjezedwa ndi zotani?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: Odesa Cathedral mu 1999 anali m'gulu Program State kwa Kumanganso Malo Odziwika Otayika Cultural Heritage Sites a Ukraine, omwe amapereka ndalama zothandizira ntchito zonse koma palibe ndalama zothandizira ntchitoyi. Bungwe la Black Sea Orthodox Fund latsegulidwa kuti litole ndalama zokonzanso tchalitchichi. Mpaka pano, ndilibe chidziwitso chokhudza a ku Ukraine omwe adadzipereka kuti apereke ndalama zobwezeretsanso Cathedral yomwe idawonongedwa ndi kuukira kwa mizinga yaku Russia.
Q. Kodi akuluakulu a mzinda wa Odesa anakufikirani ndi mwayi woti mutenge nawo gawo pokonzanso tchalitchi cha Odesa Transfiguration Cathedral?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: Ayi, sanandiyandikire. Monga mtsogoleri wa gulu la okonza Cathedral yomangidwanso, ndikuwona kuti ndikofunikira kuwonetsa kwa mibadwo yamakono ndi yamtsogolo kuti Nyumba ya Odesa inawonongedwa ndi mzinga waku Russia. Kuti izi zitheke, ntchito yokonzanso iyenera kukhala ndi gawo lonena za chiyambi cha chiwonongeko pamakoma akuluakulu owonongeka kunja kwa tchalitchi chachikulu ndi mkati. Kuti tichite izi, mu ntchito yokonzanso mtsogolo, ming'alu ya makoma owonongeka kunja ndi mkati mwa Cathedral iyenera kulembedwa ndikuwululidwa mofiira. Chisankho choterocho chidzapangitsa kuti mzinga wa Russia usawonongeke pa Odesa Cathedral. Kuwonongeka kojambulidwa komanso kowonekera kwa gawo ili la tchalitchichi kumatha kukhala malo achikumbutso ku Ukraine pokumbukira zankhanza za a Putin aku Russia.
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov ndi ndani:
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov ndi Ph.D Arch, Ass. Prof., Laureate wa State Prize ya Ukraine m'munda wa zomangamanga mu 2010 kwa kumanganso Odesa Transfiguration Cathedral, membala wa Komiti Chiyukireniya ICOMOS, Wapampando wa Odesa dera nthambi ya Architectural Chamber of the National Union of Architects. wa Ukraine. Katswiri wazachipatala wa Unduna wa Zachilungamo ku Ukraine. Research Fellow pa British Academy's Researchers at Risk Program ndi Visiting Scholar Trinity College, University of Cambridge.
Mlembi wa monographs awiri ndi mabuku oposa 70 sayansi, nkhani, mfundo m'munda wa zomangamanga ndi kuteteza chikhalidwe cholowa.
