Katswiri wa zamaganizo Lisa Cosgrove, pulofesa wa pa yunivesite ya Massachusetts, anafotokoza zimenezo Oposa 5% ya ana asukulu achichepere amamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo tsiku lililonse. Ndipo ngakhale izi zidanenedwa potengera kafukufuku yemwe adachitika kuti alankhule za kumwa mankhwala azachipatala ku United States, zitha kutumizidwa kudziko lililonse, komwe azamisala ndi makampani opanga mankhwala sanasiye kutulutsa matenda amisala kwamuyaya.
Mu 1980 ku United States, mabokosi 30 miliyoni a mankhwala oletsa kuvutika maganizo analembedwa, mu 2012 chiwerengerochi chinafika pa 264 miliyoni. Kodi chifukwa chake chinali chiyani? Chachitika ndi chiyani kuyambira 2012 mpaka lero? Mwinamwake yankho liri losavuta monga momwe liri lowopsa: matenda a maganizo asanduka bizinesi yomwe imapanga mabiliyoni a madola mu phindu.
Mu 2014, bukhu lomwe ndatchulidwa kale ndi ine m'malipoti am'mbuyomu linasindikizidwa, koma tsopano likupeza kufunika kwapadera chifukwa madandaulo ofananawo akukonzedwanso kwa osindikiza osiyanasiyana; ndi za Kodi tonsefe timadwala m'maganizo?, kuchokera kwa pulofesa wolemekezeka yemwe adatuluka mu dipatimenti ya Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences pa yunivesite ya Durham, ku North Carolina. Koma nchifukwa ninji bukuli ndilofunika makamaka, chifukwa chakuti wolemba wake, Allen Frances, anali pulezidenti wa gulu logwira ntchito la DSM IV ndipo anali m'gulu la oyang'anira DSM III.
Iye mwiniyo adavomereza zaka zingapo pambuyo pake kuti adatenga nawo gawo pamapulojekiti oterowo Pambuyo pa kusindikizidwa kwa DSM-V mu May 2013, palibe khalidwe laumunthu lomwe silingathe kutchulidwa panthawi yomwe ndi "matenda a maganizo" ndipo, chifukwa chake, amatha "kuthetsa" pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amamwa mankhwalawa amakhala ndi zotsatirapo zambiri. .
Pansi pa dzina la DSM amabisa otchulidwa molakwika Kufufuza ndi Kuwerenga Buku la Mavuto a Mitsempha. Bukuli silinavomerezedwe kale ndi ad nauseam ndi madokotala ndi azamisala ochokera padziko lonse lapansi, pakati pawo ndi Allen Frances omwe tawatchulawa, omwe adatenga nawo gawo m'mabuku angapo, komabe posachedwa komanso mwanjira ya The Empire of Pain ndi mtolankhani wa ku America Patrick Radeen Keefe, mtolankhani wina, Robert Whitaker limodzi ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo Lisa Cosgrove, adzawona bukhu lake la Psychiatry pansi pa chikoka, lomasuliridwa m'Chisipanishi ndipo mwinamwake m'zinenero zina theka la dziko lapansi, ngakhale kuti anayesera zosiyana siyana. letsa kufalitsidwa kwake . M’menemo akufotokoza nkhaniyo momwe chiwembu chomwe akuti chinali chachinyengo chinalemba matenda amisala ndikuyambitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala osokoneza bongo padziko lonse lapansi. Munthu amene amalemba pamwambapa ndi Daniel Arjona, mtolankhani wa nyuzipepala ya El Mundo yemwe Lachisanu, September 1, 2023, adafalitsa, mwa zina, nkhani ziwiri zofunika.
Yoyamba, mawu osangalatsa omwe Dr. Cosgrove adamutumizira kudzera pa imelo pomwe adayika mfundoyo pamutu wosatsutsika: (…) Pazaka zapitazi za 35, matenda amisala asintha chikhalidwe cha America. Zasintha maganizo athu pa ubwana ndi zomwe zimayembekezeredwa kwa ana "wachibadwa", mpaka oposa 5% a achinyamata a msinkhu wa sukulu tsopano akumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo tsiku ndi tsiku. "Zasintha khalidwe lathu ngati akuluakulu, makamaka momwe timafunira kuthana ndi kupsinjika maganizo ndi zovuta pamoyo wathu." Ndicho chifukwa chake mamiliyoni a anthu padziko lonse lapansi agwera m'manja mwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amavomerezedwa ndi maganizo. Kupanda nzeru kwenikweni, zamkhutu.
Funso lachiwiri lomwe Whitaker ndi Cosgrove amayesa kuyankha m'buku lawo, monga momwe zasonyezedwera m'nkhani ya Arjona, ndi ili: (…) Kodi lingaliro la kusintha konseku ndi chiyani? Kuyambira pomwe idasindikizidwa mu 1980 ya mtundu wachitatu komanso wotsimikizika wa DSM (lero pali asanu, onse akukambidwa), azamisala adagonja paziphuphu zamagawo pazigawo ziwiri: zamakampani akulu azamankhwala ndi "zikoka za mgwirizano" loyimiridwa ndi American Psychiatric Association yodzipereka poteteza ndi kukulitsa bizinesi yake. Nditanena pamwambapa, ndikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge zina mwazolemba zomwe zidasindikizidwa pansi pa siginecha yanga pa antidepressants ndi bizinesi yoletsedwa ku China, mwachitsanzo, komwe mungapeze lingaliro la kukula kwa tsoka lomwe umunthu DSM kulakwa? Ayi ndithu. Mlandu uli ndi dongosolo lomwe limalola makampani akuluakulu opanga mankhwala kutsatsa mosavuta mapiritsi a "chimwemwe" amitundu yonse yamavuto. Chinachake chofanana ndi chomwe chinachitika panthawiyo ndi ADHD (Attention Deficit Hypersensitivity Disorder). M'zaka za m'ma 1990 (1990), "matenda" amenewa sanatengeke pang'ono pa phindu la makampani akuluakulu komanso akuluakulu a mankhwala, ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi matendawa sizinafike pa madola 70 miliyoni, koma patapita zaka zingapo, pamene DSM IV inasindikizidwa. , mwayi waukulu wabizinesi udawoneka. Odwala amisala adatsegula chitseko ndi malingaliro awo ozindikira matenda ndipo ma patent adapangidwa, akuyamba kupanga kampeni yayikulu yotsatsa yomwe imayang'ana odwala (anthu onse) ndi madokotala. Aliyense adawona thambo litatseguka pomwe zidavomerezedwa kuti ndi piritsi, ana "ovuta kwambiri" amasiya kulira, ndipo aphunzitsi ndi mabanja pamapeto pake amakhala ndi nthawi yopumula. Kampaniyo "inagula" idati phindu komanso ndi mawu ake "Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu", M’zaka zoŵerengeka chabe, msika waŵirikiza katatu, ndipo ukuwonjezeka, monga momwe anthu ambiri avomereza kuti nkololedwa kuchitira ana mankhwala kuyambira ali achichepere. Zavomerezedwa kuti ophunzira ambiri akuyunivesite amalankhula za thanzi la maganizo ndi kumwa mankhwala komanso, ndi aphunzitsi, amayi/abambo ndi madokotala, kuti m’kalasi yabata imapindulitsa thanzi la maganizo la ana.
M'mayiko ena, kumwa kwa mtundu uwu wa zinthu, antidepressants, anxiolytics, kukupanga, mochulukirachulukira, anthu odwala, komwe amapeza izi. mankhwala Ndiosavuta kuposa momwe zingawonekere kwa ife. Ichi ndichifukwa chake, ndi ma nuances, mndandanda wamayiko omwe amamwa kwambiri zinthu zamtunduwu amapangidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, zomwe titha kuziwunikira, popanda kufunikira kopereka magawo 10 otsatirawa: United States, Iceland, Australia, Portugal, United Kingdom. United Kingdom, Canada, Sweden, Belgium, Denmark ndi Spain. Monga chowonadi choyenera kuganizira, chifukwa cha kuyandikira, fotokozani kuti ku Spain, muzambiri za 2022, mutu wankhani unati: Deta pambuyo pa zaka khumi za "chikhalidwe chamankhwala" ku Spain: kumwa kwa antidepressants kwakula ndi 40%. Kupereka zinthu ziwiri monga makiyi pakuwonjezeka uku: Kuwongolera kwamankhwala angapo kumalumikizana ndi njira zamakampani ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwawo ngati chida kuti amalize kukambirana mwachangu.
Kodi kulembedwa kwa antidepressants kapena anxiolytics kungakhale chifukwa chopanda pake chochotsera odwala pakukambirana ndichipatala? Ndikuganiza kuti tidzafunikira kuyang'ana yankho la izi m'tsogolomu, ngakhale ndikuwopa zomwe tidzapeza.
Mwina, monga chithunzithunzi cha kafukufuku wamtsogolo, ndikhala ndi imodzi mwamayankho omwe Allen Frances adapereka m'modzi mwamafunso ake ambiri ku funsoli:
-Kodi kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe amati ndi "matenda amisala" ndiye chifukwa cha asing'anga komanso makampani opanga mankhwala?
-Ndithudi. Tawonani, makampani opanga mankhwala, makamaka omwe ali pansi pa mawu akuti Big Pharma, akhala owopsa; ndipo osati m'munda wa Psychiatry. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, tsopano anthu ambiri amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuposa amene amafa pangozi zapamsewu. Zambiri zimayambitsidwa ndi mankhwala oledzeretsa, osati mankhwala oletsedwa. Inde, makampani opanga mankhwala ndi akatswiri opanga matenda kuti agulitse mankhwala; Ndipotu amaika ndalama mabiliyoni ambiri pofalitsa mauthenga osocheretsa.
Nditamaliza kulemba kuyankha kwa Allen, ndidabweranso m'maganizo mwanga pomwe ndimaganiza kuti magulu ogulitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo akutsatsa malonda awo pazofalitsa zamtundu uliwonse, popanda kuwongolera komanso kuvomerezedwa ndi mamembala ambiri a gulu la dystopian, akuluakulu, media, aphunzitsi, abambo, amayi, ndi zina zotero, amene anapeza phindu, kaya maganizo kapena opindulitsa, ndi kufala kwa mankhwala anati.
Magwero azidziwitso:
Zithunzi: Ndi mayiko ati omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa kupsinjika maganizo? | | Statista
Deta yamankhwala: kumwa kwa antidepressants kumakula ndi 40% (rtve.es)
DSALUD (magazini) no. 177, Disembala 2014
El Mundo Newspaper. Lachisanu, Seputembara 1, 2023
Buku: Kodi tonsefe timadwala m'maganizo? Wolemba: Allen Frances. Chithunzi cha Ariel - 2014
Idasindikizidwa koyamba LaDamadeElche.com
