Kutsatira kuwukira kwawo kwathunthu ku Ukraine mu February 2022, dziko la Russia lakhala likulamulidwa ndi zilango zowopsa kwambiri zomwe zidaperekedwa ku dziko lililonse. European Union, yomwe kale inali bwenzi lalikulu kwambiri lazamalonda ku Russia, idatsogola ndi zilango khumi ndi chimodzi m'miyezi 20 yapitayi, zomwe zidakhudza anthu ambiri, mabungwe aboma ndi mabungwe, makampani azinsinsi, ndi magawo onse azachuma. Ngakhale zinali zomveka komanso zanzeru pazandale, zinali zosapeŵeka kuti zilango zokulirapo ngati izi zitha kuwoneka ngati kuwononga chikole.
Zina mwa izo mwachiwonekere ndi chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha European Union monga momwe ziyenera kukhalira kuti zigwirizane ndi mamembala ake onse omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi maganizo otsutsana a ndale ndi zofuna zachuma ndi Russia ndi Ukraine, koma kugwiritsa ntchito mwadala zinthu zosadziwika bwino komanso zosagwirizana. chinenero chosokoneza chakhala chikuwonekera ndipo palibe kwina kulikonse kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "oligarch". Zotchulidwa mochulukira m'manyuzipepala aku Western kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, oligarchs adadzawonetsa mphamvu ndi kuchulukira kwa gulu latsopano la amalonda olemera kwambiri omwe adapeza chuma chawo m'madzi akuda a pambuyo pa Soviet Russia, nthawi zambiri kudzera mu kulumikizana kwawo ndi Kremlin.
Mawu osalongosoledwa bwino ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma 2000, "oligarch" idatengedwabe ndi opanga mfundo za EU ngati mawu oti atchule aliyense kuchokera kwa mabiliyoni ambiri pamndandanda wa Forbes kupita kwa mamanenjala apamwamba ndi mamembala amakampani m'magawo osiyanasiyana. ambiri osagwirizana ndi Kremlin komanso kusagwirizana ndi ndale. Nthawi zina munthu samatha kuwona kusiyana kulikonse pakati pa oyang'anira apamwamba aku Russia ndi oyang'anira apamwamba akunja omwe amagwira ntchito kumakampani akuluakulu omwe amaperekedwa ku Russia. Mosakayikira, izi zidasiya EU pamalo osasunthika kwambiri mwalamulo: ngati muli pamndandanda chifukwa ndinu "oligarch" koma mawu omwewo ndi ozemba komanso omvera omwe amawononga malingaliro oyika zilango ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuwatsutsa. ku khoti.
Zinatengera EU kwa chaka chimodzi kuti izindikire izi ndipo tsopano yasiya kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "oligarch" monga kulungamitsidwa kwa zilango zotsutsana ndi bizinesi yaku Russia, kudalira m'malo mwa chinthu chomwe amachitcha "wotsogolera bizinesi". Ngakhale kuti mawuwa sali olemedwa ndipo alibe matanthauzo olakwika omwe adaganiziridwa kale, pamapeto pake amakhala osamveka komanso opanda tanthauzo ngati "oligarch." Osanenapo kuti sizodziwikiratu chifukwa chake munthu ayenera kuvomerezedwa chifukwa chokhala "wochita bizinesi wamkulu" mosasamala kanthu za chikoka chenicheni pa chuma cha Russia kapena kupanga zisankho za Kremlin. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la EU lidapereka chilango kwa pafupifupi mabizinesi ndi akuluakulu onse omwe adakumana ndi Purezidenti Vladimir Putin pa February 24, 2022, dziko la Russia litalanda dziko la Ukraine. Momwe kutenga nawo mbali pamsonkhanowu kumasonyezera kuvomereza kwathunthu mfundo za Kremlin za Ukraine kapena kuthekera kosintha zisankho za Putin ndi lingaliro la aliyense. Makamaka, zifukwa zambiri zamatchulidwe siziwonetsa kuthekera kwa munthu kutengera mfundo za boma la Russia.
Kuphatikiza apo, titha kunena kuti, kutsatira mfundo za Vladimir Putin zoyika pambali ma oligarch a mabiliyoni a m'badwo woyamba monga Mikhail Khodorkovsky kapena Boris Berezovsky, palibe oligarchs m'lingaliro loyenera la mawuwa (mwachitsanzo, abizinesi omwe ali ndi vuto losagwirizana ndi ndale, nthawi zina kuposa la boma) anachoka ku Russia. Amalonda apamwamba amasiku ano ndi omwe kale anali oligarchs omwe adasunga likulu lawo lomwe linapangidwa m'ma 1990, ma tycoons ogwirizana ndi boma, kapena mtundu watsopano wa amalonda akumadzulo ndi ma CEO, omwe, mosiyana ndi m'badwo wakale, sanapeze ndalama zawo potsatira kukhazikitsidwa kwachinsinsi. makampani wakale Soviet ndipo sizidalira mapangano boma ndi kugwirizana.
Mu Okutobala, a Marco-Advisory, mlangizi wotsogola wotsogola pazachuma ku Eurasian, adatulutsa lipoti lotchedwa "Ubale Wamabizinesi ndi Boma ku Russia - Chifukwa Chake Oligarchs Ena Amaloledwa Ndipo Ena Saloledwa." Ngakhale idayamika lingaliro laposachedwa la EU kuti likhale lolondola m'mawu ake, lipotilo lidanenabe kuti "njira zomwe zikuchitika pakuwongolera zilango zimachokera pakusamvetsetsa momwe bizinesi ndi boma zimagwirizanirana ku Russia."
Kuwonetsa, monga EU ikuwoneka kuti ikuchita, kuti kukhala "wochita bizinesi wotsogola" kumafanana ndi kuthekera kokopa boma la Russia kuti liwonetsere molakwika udindo wawo komanso zotsatira zake zenizeni. Izi zili choncho kawiri kwa ma CEO amakampani azinsinsi aku Russia monga Dmitry Konov wa kampani ya petrochemical Sibur, Alexander Shulgin wa chimphona cha e-commerce Ozon ndi Vladimir Rashevsky wa opanga feteleza Eurochem, omwe adavomerezedwa chifukwa choyimira mabungwe awo kumisonkhano ndi Purezidenti Putin. Pambuyo pake adasiya ntchito zawo kuti achepetse chiwopsezo chamakampani awo. Pomwe Shulgin, pamodzi ndi mabiliyoni a Grigory Berezkin ndi Farkhad Akhmedov, adachotsedwa pamndandanda wa zilango za EU pa Seputembara 15, chigamulo chotere chikudikirira ena ambiri omwe adavomerezedwa pazifukwa zofananira ndipo osaganizira kwenikweni maudindo awo kapena kuti iwo, monga a Sibur's Konov, atsika ndendende chifukwa cha zilango zomwe adapatsidwa.
Monga Marco-Advisory ananenera, pali gulu lalikulu kwambiri la mabizinesi "omwe alandilidwa chifukwa chodziwika ndi media zaku Western kapena chifukwa ali pamndandanda wolemera, monga makampani awo amachitira ma IPO ku UK kapena US kapena zifukwa zina, popanda kukhala ndi ubale uliwonse wopindulitsa ndi boma la Russia.” Pamapeto pake, zikuwoneka kuti pali zifukwa zochepa zamalamulo kapena zomveka zowalola kuti avomerezedwe.
Poganizira za kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka anthu ku Ukraine. Ngati zili choncho, angopangitsa kuti Kremlin ikhale yotsimikiza, ndikuyikakamiza kuti ikonzenso zotumiza kunja ndi kayendetsedwe kazachuma kupita kumayiko ochezeka monga ma BRICs China ndi India - china chake chomwe sichingakhale chosatheka kusinthira ku Russia ndi Europe. , omwe ubale wawo tsopano uli wokonzeka kukhalabe wapoizoni kwa zaka zikubwerazi ngakhale poganiza kuti vuto la Ukraine lathetsedwa kwathunthu.
Zowonjezereka, zilangozo zikuwoneka kuti zili ndi zotsatira zosiyana ndi zomwe andale akumadzulo amawona ngakhale pa oligarchs ya m'badwo woyamba, monga bilionea wa Alfa Group Mikhail Fridman. Fridman, yemwe ukonde wake wa Forbes umayika $12.6 biliyoni, zomwe zimamupanga kukhala 9 ku Russia.th munthu wolemera kwambiri, mu October anakakamizika kubwerera ku Moscow kuchokera kwawo London. M'mafunso aposachedwa ndi Bloomberg News, bilioneayo adati "adapunthwa" ndi zoletsa zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asasiye moyo womwe adazolowera ndipo adatchulanso ma projekiti ake akuluakulu aku UK "kulakwitsa kwakukulu".
Pochotsa "oligarchs" pamndandanda wake wa zilango omwe amapanga zisankho ku EU akuwoneka kuti akuyenda m'njira yoyenera. Kaya uku ndikungosintha dzina kapena chizindikiro chofuna kukonzanso ndondomeko za zilango zaku Europe sizikuwonekerabe. Kupatula apo, monga momwe mbiri ya zilango zachuma imatiphunzitsira, ndizosavuta kukhazikitsa kuposa kukweza.
