By Prof. AP Lopukhin, Kutanthauzira kwa Malemba Opatulika a Chipangano Chatsopano
Mutu 5. 1.-11. Mayitanidwe a Simoni. 12-26 . Machiritso a khate ndi kufooka. 27-39. Phwando la wokhometsa msonkho Levi.
Luka 5:1 . Nthawi ina, pamene anthu anali kukhamukira kwa Iye kuti amvetsere mawu a Mulungu, ndipo Iye anaimirira m'mbali mwa nyanja ya Genesarete.
Pa nthawi imene Khristu ankalalikira, ataima m’mbali mwa nyanja ya Genesarete ( cf. Mat. 4:18 ) Anthu anayamba kum’panikiza moti zinavuta kuti akhalebe m’mphepete mwa nyanjayo kwa nthawi yaitali ( cf. Mateyu 4:18; Marko 1:16).
Luka 5:2 . anaona zombo ziwiri zitaima m’mbali mwa nyanja; ndipo asodzi amene adatuluka m’menemo adalikumiza makokawo.
“Maukondewo anayandama”. Mlaliki Luka amasamala za ntchito imeneyi yokha, alaliki ena amanenanso za kusoka maukonde (Marko 1:19) kapena kungoponya makoka (Mateyu 4:18). Zinali zofunika kusungunula maukondewo kuti amasule zipolopolo ndi mchenga umene unalowamo.
Luka 5:3 . Ndipo m’mene analowa m’ngalawamo, anali a Simoni, nampempha iye acoke pang’ono pa gombe, nakhala pansi, naphunzitsa anthu ali m’ngalawamo.
Simoni anali kale wophunzira wa Khristu (cf. Yohane 1:37 ff.), koma sanaitanidwe, monga atumwi enawo, kutsata Khristu mosalekeza, ndipo anapitirizabe kusodza.
Kwa malo omwe Khristu anali m'ngalawa panthawi ya ulaliki, cf. Marko 4:1 .
Ndipo Ambuye analangiza Simoni kuti asambire ku malo akuya ndi kuponyera makoka ake kumeneko kuti aphe nsomba. Mawu oti "anafunsa" adagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa "kulamula" (Evthymius Zigaben).
Luka 5:4 . Ndipo m’mene adaleka kuyankhula, Simoni adati, Sambirani kukuya, ponyani makoka anu kukapha nsomba.
Luka 5:5 . Simoni anayankha nati kwa Iye, Ambuye, tinagwira nchito usiku wonse, ndipo sitinagwira kanthu; koma pa mau anu ndidzaponya ukonde.
Simoni, kutchula Ambuye kuti “Mphunzitsi” (ἐπιστάτα! – m’malo mwa adiresi imene nthawi zambiri ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alaliki ena “rabi”), anayankha kuti nsomba sizikanatheka kuyembekezera, iye ndi anzake atayesa ngakhale usiku, maola abwino kwambiri opha nsomba, koma ngakhale pamenepo sanagwire kalikonse. Komabe, malinga ndi chikhulupiriro m’mawu a Kristu, amene, monga mmene Simoni anadziwira, anali ndi mphamvu yozizwitsa, anachita chifuniro cha Kristu ndipo analandira nsomba zazikulu monga mphotho.
“Timazizwa ndi chikhulupiriro cha Petro, amene anataya mtima akale ndi kukhulupirira zatsopano. “Pa mawu anu ndidzaponya makoka.” N’chifukwa chiyani akunena kuti, “monga mwa mawu anu”? Pakuti “ndi mawu anu” “kumwamba kunapangidwa,” ndipo dziko lapansi linakhazikitsidwa, ndipo nyanja inagawanika ( Sal. 32:6, Sal. 101:26 ), ndipo munthu anavekedwa korona wa maluwa ake, ndipo zonse zinachitidwa. monga mwa mau anu, monga Paulo ananena, “akugwira zonse ndi mau ake amphamvu” (Aheb. 1:3)” (Yohane Chrysostom Woyera).
Luka 5:6 . Pamene adachita ichi, adagwira unyinji waukulu wa nsomba, ndipo khoka lawo linang’ambika.
Luka 5:7 . Ndipo adawaitana anzake omwe adali mchombo china kuti awathandize; ndipo adadza, nadzaza zombo ziwirizo kuti zimire.
Msodzi umenewu unali waukulu kwambiri moti maukondewo anayamba kung’ambika m’malo ena, ndipo Simoni pamodzi ndi anzakewo anayamba kupereka zizindikiro ndi manja awo kwa asodzi amene anatsala m’ngalawa ina m’mphepete mwa nyanjayo, kuti awathandize mwamsanga. Zinali zosafunikira kuti iwo afuule chifukwa cha kutali kwa mtunda wa ngalawa ya Simoni kuchokera kumtunda. Ndipo anzake ( τοῖς μετόχοις ) akuwoneka kuti amatsatira ngalawa ya Simoni nthawi zonse, chifukwa adamva zomwe Khristu adanena kwa iye.
“Perekani chizindikiro, osati mfuu, ndipo awa ndi amalinyero osachita kalikonse popanda mfuu ndi phokoso! Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa kugwira nsomba mozizwitsa kunawalanda lilime lawo. Monga mboni zowona ndi maso za chinsinsi chaumulungu chimene chinachitika pamaso pawo, iwo sakanatha kufuula, anangoitana ndi zizindikiro. Asodzi amene anatuluka m’ngalawa ina, mmene munali Yakobo ndi Yohane, anayamba kusonkhanitsa nsombazo, koma mosasamala kanthu za kuchuluka kwa nsombazo, zinanso zinalowa m’makokawo. Nsombazo zinkaoneka ngati zikupikisana kuti zione amene adzakhala woyamba kukwaniritsa lamulo la Yehova: “Zing’onozing’ono zinagonjetsa zazikulu, zapakati zinapitirira zazikulu, zazikulu zinadumphira zazing’ono; iwo sanadikire kuti asodzi awagwire ndi manja awo, koma analumphira okha m’ngalawamo. Kuyenda pansi pa nyanja kunasiya: palibe nsomba yomwe inafuna kukhala pamenepo, chifukwa iwo ankadziwa amene ananena kuti: "madzi abereke zokwawa, zamoyo zamoyo" ( Gen. 1: 20 ) "( St. John Chrysostom ).
Luka 5:8 . Simoni Petro pakuona ichi, anagwa pa maondo a Yesu, nati, Chokani kwa ine, Ambuye, chifukwa ndine munthu wochimwa.
Luka 5:9 . Pakuti mantha adamgwera iye ndi onse amene adali naye, chifukwa cha nsombazo adazigwira;
Onse aŵiri Simoni ndi ena amene anali pamenepo anachita mantha kwambiri, ndipo Simoni anayamba kupempha Ambuye kuti atuluke m’ngalawamo, popeza analingalira kuti uchimo wake ukhoza kuvutika ndi chiyero cha Kristu ( cf. Luka 1:12, 2 ; 9; 3 Mafumu 17:18.
"Kuchokera ku nsombazo" - momveka bwino: "kuchokera ku nsomba zomwe adazitenga" (mu kumasulira kwa Chirasha ndizolakwika: "kugwidwa ndi iwo"). Chozizwitsa chimenechi chinam’khudza kwambiri Simoni, osati chifukwa chakuti anali asanaonepo zozizwitsa za Kristu, koma chifukwa chakuti zinachitidwa mogwirizana ndi cholinga chapadera cha Ambuye, popanda kupempha kwa Simoni. Iye anamvetsa kuti Yehova akufuna kumupatsa ntchito yapadera, ndipo mantha a tsogolo losadziwika anadzaza moyo wake.
Luka 5:10 . koteronso Yakobo ndi Yohane, ana a Zebedayo, amene anali anzake a Simoni. Ndipo Yesu anati kwa Simoni, Usawope; kuyambira tsopano mudzasaka anthu.
Luka 5:11 . Ndipo zombo zidakokera kumtunda, nasiya zonse, namtsata Iye.
Ambuye akutsimikizira Simoni ndikumuululira cholinga chomwe anali nacho potumiza mozizwitsa Simoni wosodza wolemera kwambiri. Ichi chinali chophiphiritsa chimene Simoni anasonyezedwa chipambano chimene akanakhala nacho pamene anayamba kutembenuzira anthu ambiri kwa Kristu kupyolera mu kulalikira kwake. Mwachiwonekere, mlaliki akupereka pano chochitika chachikulu chimene chinachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kulalikira kwa Mtumwi Petro pa tsiku la Pentekosti, ndiko, kutembenuka kwa anthu zikwi zitatu kwa Khristu (Machitidwe 2:41).
"Anasiya zonse". Ngakhale kuti Ambuye analankhula ndi Simoni yekha, zikuoneka kuti ophunzira ena a Yehova anamvetsa kuti nthawi inali itakwana yoti onse asiye maphunziro awo ndi kupita ndi Mbuye wawo. Kupatula apo, uku sikunali kuyitanira kwa ophunzira ku utumiki wa utumwi komwe kumatsatira (Luka 6:13).
Kutsutsa kolakwika kumanena kuti mu alaliki aŵiri oyambirirawo palibe chimene chikunenedwa ponena za kusodza kozizwitsa, kumene kumalizidwa kuti mlaliki Luka waphatikiza pano zochitika ziŵiri zosiyana kotheratu mu nthawi kukhala imodzi: kuyitana kwa ophunzira kuti akhale asodzi a anthu. ( Mat. 4:18-22 ) ndi kusodza kozizwitsa pambuyo pa Kuukitsidwa kwa Yesu ( Yoh. 21 ). Koma kugwira mozizwitsa mu Uthenga Wabwino wa Yohane ndi kugwira kozizwitsa mu Uthenga Wabwino wa Luka kuli ndi tanthauzo losiyana kotheratu. Yoyamba ikunena za kubwezeretsedwa kwa mtumwi Petro mu utumiki wake wautumwi, ndipo yachiwiri - akadali kukonzekera utumiki uwu: apa lingaliro likuwonekera mwa Petro la ntchito yaikulu ija yomwe Ambuye amuyitanira. Chotero, palibe kukaikira kuti zimene zalongosoledwa pano siziri nkomwe nsomba zimene Mlaliki Yohane ananena. Koma ndiye tingayanjanitse bwanji alaliki awiri oyambirira ndi wachitatu? N’cifukwa ciani alaliki aŵili oyambilila sananene kanthu za kusodza? Omasulira ena, pozindikira kuti alibe mphamvu zothetsera funsoli, amanena kuti mlaliki Luka sakutanthauza kuitana kumeneku, kumene alaliki awiri oyambirira akunena. Koma malo onse a chochitikacho salola kuganiza kuti zikhoza kubwerezedwa ndi kuti mlaliki Luka sanali kunena za mphindi ino ya mbiri ya ulaliki imene alaliki Mateyu ndi Marko anali nayo m’maganizo. Chotero, nkwabwino kunena kuti alaliki aŵiri oyambirirawo sanaphatikizepo tanthauzo lofunika chotero ku kusodza kophiphiritsa kumeneku monga kwachitira mlaliki Luka. Ndipotu, kwa mlaliki Luka, akulongosola m’buku la Machitidwe ntchito yolalikira ya mtumwi Petro, ndipo, mwachionekere, anali wokondweretsedwa kwanthaŵi yaitali ndi chirichonse chokhudza mtumwi ameneyu, zinaoneka kukhala zofunika kwambiri kudziŵa mu Uthenga Wabwino chophiphiritsira chophiphiritsira chimenechi. za kupambana kwa ntchito yamtsogolo ya mtumwi Petro, imene ili m’nkhani ya kusodza kozizwitsa.
Luka 5:12 . Pamene Yesu anali mumzinda, anadza munthu wodzala ndi khate, ndipo pamene anaona Yesu, anagwa nkhope yake pansi, nampempha Iye, nanena, Ambuye, ngati mufuna mukhoza kundikonza.
Luka 5:13 . Yesu anatambasula dzanja lake, namkhudza iye, nanena, Ndifuna, konzedwa; Ndipo pomwepo khate lidamleka.
“anamugwira”. Malinga ndi Blaz. Theophylact, Mulungu “anamukhudza” popanda chifukwa. Koma popeza kuti monga mwa chilamulo iye wakhudza wakhate ayesedwa wodetsedwa, iye amkhudza iye, pofuna kusonyeza kuti Iye sayenera kusunga malangizo aang’ono otere a m’Chilamulo, koma kuti Iye yekha ndiye Ambuye wa chilamulo, ndi kuti zoyera sizidetsedwa konse ndi zomwe zimawoneka zodetsedwa, koma khate la moyo ndi lomwe limadetsa. Ambuye amamukhudza pa cholinga ichi ndipo nthawi yomweyo kusonyeza kuti thupi Lake loyera lili ndi mphamvu Yaumulungu yoyeretsa ndi kupereka moyo, monga thupi lenileni la Mulungu Mawu.
“Ndikufuna, dziyeretseni nokha”. Ku chikhulupiriro chake kumabwera yankho lachifundo lopanda malire: “Ndidzayeretsedwa.” Zozizwitsa zonse za Khristu ndi mavumbulutso pa nthawi imodzi. Pamene mikhalidwe ya mlanduyo ikufuna kutero, nthaŵi zina Iye sayankha mwamsanga pempho la wodwalayo. Koma panalibe nthawi imodzi imene Iye anazengereza ngakhale kwa mphindi pamene wakhate analirira kwa Iye. Khate linkaonedwa ngati chizindikiro cha uchimo, ndipo Kristu ankafuna kutiphunzitsa kuti pemphero lochokera pansi pa mtima la wochimwayo loti ayeretsedwe limayankhidwa mwamsanga. Pamene Davide, chitsanzo cha olapa onse owona, anafuula ndi kulapa koona: “Ndachimwira Yehova”, mneneri Natani nthawi yomweyo anamubweretsera uthenga wabwino wachisomo wochokera kwa Mulungu wakuti: “Yehova wachotsa tchimo lako; simudzafa” ( 2 Mafumu 12:13 ). Mpulumutsi atambasula dzanja lake ndi kukhudza wakhateyo, ndipo pomwepo anayeretsedwa.
Luka 5:14 . Ndipo adamulamulira kuti asaitane munthu aliyense; koma pita, ukadziwonetse wekha kwa wansembe, nupereke nsembe ya chiyeretso chako, monga adalamulira Mose, kwa iwo ukhale umboni.
( Werengani Mat. 8:2–4; Marko 1:40–44 ).
Mlaliki Luka amatsatira Marko apa.
Khristu amaletsa ochiritsidwawo kuti anene za zomwe zidachitika, chifukwa kukhudza akhate, komwe kumaletsedwa ndi lamulo, kungayambitsenso mkuntho wa mkwiyo kwa okhulupirira malamulo opanda mzimu, omwe kalata yakufa ya chilamulo ndi yokondedwa kuposa anthu. M’malo mwake, munthu wochiritsidwayo anayenera kupita kukadzisonyeza kwa ansembe, kukapereka mphatso yoikidwiratu, kuti akalandire kalata ya kuyeretsedwa kwake. Koma munthu wochiritsidwayo anasangalala kwambiri ndi chisangalalo chake kuti abise mu mtima mwake, ndipo sanasunge lumbiro lokhala chete, koma adadziwitsa machiritso ake kulikonse. Komabe, Luka sananenepo za kusamvera kwa mlaliki wakhate (onani Marko 1:45).
Luka 5:15 . Koma mbiri ya Iye inakula kwambiri, ndipo khamu lalikulu la anthu linakhamukira kudzamvera Iye ndi kupemphera kwa Iye pa matenda awo.
"Ngakhale zambiri", mwachitsanzo. kumlingo wokulirapo kuposa kale (μᾶλλον). Chiletsocho, akuti, chinangolimbikitsa anthu kufalitsa mphekesera za Wochita Zozizwitsa kwambiri.
Luka 5:16 . Ndipo Iye adapita ku malo a yekha, napemphera.
"Ndipo tifunika, ngati tapambana pachinthu, kuthawa kuti anthu asatiyamikire, ndikupemphera kuti mphatsoyo isungidwe m'dziko lathu." (Evthymius Zygaben).
Luka 5:17 . Tsiku lina, pamene anali kuphunzitsa, ndipo Afarisi ndi aphunzitsi amalamulo anali kukhala pamenepo, ochokera ku midzi yonse ya Galileya ndi Yudeya, ndi ku Yerusalemu, ndipo iye anali ndi mphamvu ya Ambuye kuchiritsa iwo.
Mlaliki Luka akuwonjezera zina ku nkhani za Alaliki ena.
“Tsiku lina”, mwachitsanzo, mu limodzi la masiku amenewo, ndendende pa ulendo umene Ambuye anautenga (onani Luka 4:43 mpaka pano).
“Aphunzitsi a chilamulo” (onani Mateyu 22:35).
“ochokera m’midzi yonse” ndi mawu okokomeza. Zolinga za kubwera kwa Afarisi ndi aphunzitsi a chilamulo zikadakhala zosiyana kwambiri, koma, ndithudi, maganizo opanda ubwenzi kulinga kwa Khristu anapambana pakati pawo.
“Mphamvu ya Mulungu” kutanthauza mphamvu ya Mulungu. Kumene amamutcha Khristu Ambuye, Mlaliki Luka akulemba mawu oti κύριος (ὁ κύριος), ndipo apa akuikidwa κυρίου - osatchulidwa.
Luka 5:18 . taonani, ena ananyamula munthu wofoka pakama; ndipo anayesa kulowa naye, namuika pamaso pace;
( Werengani Mat. 9:2–8; Marko 2:3–12 ).
Luka 5:19 . ndipo pamene sadapeze pomulowetsa, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa liwiro, adakwera pamwamba pa nyumba, namtsitsa ndi mphasa pakati pamaso pa Yesu.
“Kupyolera padenga”, kutanthauza kuti kudzera pamwala (διὰ τῶν κεράμων) amene anaikidwa padenga la nyumbayo. Pamalo ena anavundukula chipilalacho. ( pa Marko 2:4 , denga likuimiridwa kukhala lofunika “kuphwanyidwa”).
Luka 5:20 . Ndipo Iye pakuwona chikhulupiriro chawo, adati kwa iye, Munthu iwe, machimo ako akhululukidwa.
“Anati kwa iye, munthu iwe, wakhululukidwa…” – Khristu amatcha wofookayo osati “mwana”, monganso nthawi zina (mwachitsanzo, Mateyu 9:2), koma mophweka “munthu”, mwina kutanthauza wochimwa wake wakale. moyo.
Blaz. Theophylact analemba kuti: “Iye choyamba achiritsa nthenda ya maganizo, nati, ‘Machimo ako akhululukidwa; ndiye adachiritsa chofowoka chathupi, powona chikhulupiriro cha iwo amene adabwera naye. Chifukwa nthawi zambiri ndi chikhulupiriro cha ena amapulumutsa ena”.
Luka 5:21 . Alembi ndi Afarisi adayamba kusinkhasinkha, nanena, Ndani Iye amene achitira Mulungu mwano? Ndani angathe kukhululukira machimo, koma Mulungu yekha?
Luka 5:22 . Yesu pozindikira maganizo awo, nayankha, nati, Mulingirira ciani m’mitima mwanu?
"Mukamvetsetsa, ganizirani za iwo". Otsutsa ena akulozera apa kutsutsana kwa mlaliki Luka ndi iye mwini: kumbali ina, iye wanena kumene zimene alembi analingalira pakati pawo pagulu, kotero kuti Khristu anamva zokamba zawo, ndiyeno amanena, kuti Khristu analowa mu maganizo awo. , zimene anazisunga mwa iwo okha, monga momwe mlaliki Marko anaonera. Koma palibe zotsutsana apa. Khristu akanatha kumva zokambilana za alembi pakati pawo – Luka sakhala chete pa izi – koma nthawi yomweyo analowa ndi ganizo lake m’malingaliro awo achinsinsi, amene anali kubisala. Iwo, motero, malinga ndi Mlaliki Luka, sanalankhule mokweza zonse zimene ankaganiza.
Luka 5:23 . Chosavuta ndi chiani? Kuti, Machimo ako akhululukidwa; kapena ndinene, Nyamuka, yenda?
“Chifukwa chake akuti: “Choposa kwa inu nchiyani, kukhululukidwa kwa machimo, kapena kukonzanso kwa thupi? Mwinamwake m’lingaliro lanu kukhululukidwa kwa machimo kumawonekera kukhala kwabwino kwambiri monga chinthu chosawoneka ndi chosagwirika, ngakhale kuli kovutirapo, ndipo kuchiritsa kwa thupi kumawonekera kukhala kovuta kwambiri monga chinthu chowonekera, ngakhale kuti kwenikweni kumakhala komasuka.” (Blaz. Theophylact)
Luka 5:24 . Koma kuti mudziwe kuti Mwana wa munthu ali nayo mphamvu pa dziko lapansi yakukhululukira machimo (anena kwa ofokawo): Ndinena ndi inu, Tauka, tenga mphasa yako, numuke kwanu.
Luka 5:25 . Ndipo ananyamuka pomwepo pamaso pao, nanyamula cimene anagonapo, namuka kwao, nalemekeza Mulungu.
Luka 5:26 . Ndipo Mantha adawagwira onse, ndipo adalemekeza Mulungu; ndipo adachita mantha, adati, Lero taona zodabwitsa.
Chidziwitso chopangidwa ndi chozizwitsachi pa anthu (vesi 26), malinga ndi mlaliki Luka, chinali champhamvu kuposa momwe Mateyu ndi Marko adafotokozera.
Luka 5:27 . Zitatha izi, Yesu anaturuka naona wokhometsa msonkho, dzina lake Levi, atakhala mu ofesi ya msonkho, ndipo anamuuza kuti: “Nditsate ine.
Kuitanidwa kwa Levi wa msonkho ndi phwando lomwe iye anakonza, mlaliki Luka akulongosola molingana ndi Marko (Marko 2: 13-22; cf. Mat. 9: 9-17), pokhapokha ngati akuwonjezera nkhani yake.
"Anatuluka" - kuchokera mumzinda.
"Iye adawona" - molondola kwambiri: "anayamba kuyang'ana, kuyang'ana" ( ἐθεάσατο ).
Luka 5:28 . Ndipo iye anasiya zonse, nanyamuka, namtsata Iye.
“Posiya zonse”, mwachitsanzo, ofesi yanu ndi zonse zili mmenemo!
“anatsatira” – momveka bwino: “anatsatira” (min. imperfect tense of the verb ἠκολούει molingana ndi kuwerenga kopambana kumatanthauza kutsatira Khristu mosalekeza)
Luka 5:29 . Ndipo Levi anamkonzera Iye phwando lalikulu kunyumba kwake; ndipo padali amisonkho ambiri, ndi ena adakhala pachakudya pamodzi nawo.
Ndi enanso amene anakhala nawo patebulo. Motero mlaliki Luka akuloŵa m’malo mwa mawu a Marko “ochimwa” ( Marko 2:15 ). Ponena za mfundo yakuti panali “ochimwa” patebulo, iye akunena mu vesi 30 .
Luka 5:30 . Ndipo alembi ndi Afarisi adang'ung'udza, nanena ndi wophunzira ake, Chifukwa chiyani mukudya ndi kumwa pamodzi ndi amisonkho ndi wochimwa?
Luka 5:31 . Ndipo Yesu adayankha iwo nati, Olimba safuna sing’anga, koma wodwala;
Luka 5:32 . Sindinabwere kudzaitana olungama, koma ochimwa kuti alape.
Luka 5:33 . Ndipo adati kwa Iye, Chifukwa chiyani wophunzira a Yohane asala kudya kawiri kawiri ndi kupemphera, monga Afarisi, koma anu amadya ndi kumwa?
“Chifukwa chiyani ophunzira a Yohane…”. Mlaliki Luka sakunena kuti ophunzira a Yohane okha anatembenukira kwa Khristu ndi mafunso (cf. Mateyu ndi Marko). Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti iye afupikitsa chithunzi ichi, chimene alaliki awiri oyambirira amachigawa muzithunzi ziwiri, kukhala chithunzi chimodzi. Chifukwa chimene ophunzira a Yohane anadzipeza nthaŵi imeneyi pamodzi ndi Afarisi chikufotokozedwa ndi kufanana kwa machitidwe awo achipembedzo. Ndipotu, mzimu wa Afarisi wosala kudya ndi kupemphera unali wosiyana kotheratu ndi wa ophunzira a Yohane, amene panthaŵi imodzimodziyo anadzudzula Afarisi pang’ono ( Mat. 3 ). Mapemphero amene ophunzira a Yohane anachita - mlaliki Luka yekha ndi amene amawatchula - mwina ankachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana za tsiku, zomwe zimatchedwa "shma" zachiyuda (cf. Mateyu 6:5).
Luka 5:34 . Iye adati kwa iwo, Kodi mungathe kuchititsa mkwati kusala kudya pamene mkwati ali nawo pamodzi?
“Ndipo tsopano tiyeni tinene mwachidule kuti “ana a ukwati” (akwati) amatchedwa atumwi. Kubwera kwa Ambuye kukufanizidwa ndi ukwati chifukwa watenga mpingo ngati mkwatibwi. Chotero tsopano atumwi sayenera kusala kudya. Ophunzira a Yohane ayenera kusala kudya chifukwa mphunzitsi wawo anali kuchita ukoma kudzera mu ntchito ndi matenda. Pakuti akuti: “Yohane anadza wosadya kapena wosamwa” ( Mateyu 11:18 ). Koma ophunzira Anga, popeza akukhala ndi Ine – Mawu a Mulungu, tsopano safuna phindu la kusala kudya, chifukwa ndi mmene (kukhala ndi Ine) ndikomwe alemeretsedwa ndi kutetezedwa ndi Ine”. (Wodala Theophylact)
Luka 5:35 . Koma adzafika masiku, pamene mkwati adzachotsedwa kwa iwo, ndipo pamenepo adzasala kudya.
Luka 5:36 . Pomwepo adanena nawo fanizo: palibe munthu asoka chigamba cha malaya atsopano pa chobvala chakale; ngati sichingatero, chatsopanocho chidzang’ambika, ndi chakale sichidzafanana ndi chigamba chatsopano.
“Ndipo ananena nawo fanizo…”. Pofotokoza kuti Afarisi ndi ophunzira a Yohane sakanatha kunena ponena za kusasunga kusala kudya kwa Kristu (pempherolo silikufunsidwa chifukwa, ndithudi, ophunzira a Kristu nawonso anapemphera), Ambuye akufotokozanso kuti kumbali ina, ophunzira ake ayenera osati mwaukali kutsutsa Afarisi ndi ophunzira a Yohane kaamba ka kumamatira kwawo mosamalitsa ku malamulo a Chipangano Chakale kapena, bwinopo, ku miyambo yakale. Munthu asatenge chigamba cha chovala chatsopano kuti asoke chakale; chigamba chakale sichikwanira, ndipo chatsopanocho chidzawonongeka ndi kudula koteroko. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ku Chipangano Chakale, zomwe ngakhale ophunzira a Yohane Mbatizi adapitilira kuyimirira, osatchulanso Afarisi, sayenera kuwonjezeredwa gawo limodzi lokha la chikhristu chatsopano, mu mawonekedwe a malingaliro aulere kusala kudya kokhazikitsidwa ndi miyambo yachiyuda (osati kuchokera m'Chilamulo cha Mose). Bwanji ngati ophunzira a Yohane anabwereka kwa ophunzira a Kristu ufulu umenewu wokha? Kupanda kutero, kawonedwe kawo ka dziko sikanasinthe m’njira ina iliyonse, ndipo pakali pano adzaswa umphumphu wa kawonedwe kawo, ndipo limodzi ndi chiphunzitso chatsopano Chachikristu chimenechi, chimene anayenera kuzoloŵerana nacho, chidzataya kwa iwo lingaliro la umphumphu.
Luka 5:37 . Ndipo palibe munthu amathira vinyo watsopano m’matumba akale; kapena vinyo watsopanoyo adzaphulitsa matumba achikopa, ndipo adzatayika, ndipo matumbawo adzawonongeka;
Luka 5:38 . koma vinyo watsopano ayenera kuthiridwa m’matumba achikopa atsopano; pamenepo onse awiri adzapulumutsidwa.
"Ndipo palibe amene amathira ...". Nali fanizo lina, koma lomwe lili ndi zofanana ndendende ndi loyamba. Vinyo watsopanoyo ayenera kuikidwa m’matumba achikopa atsopano chifukwa adzafufuma ndipo matumba achikopawo adzachuluka kwambiri. Zikopa zakale sizidzalimbana ndi fermentation iyi, zidzaphulika - ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani tiyenera kupereka nsembe pachabe? Akhoza kusinthidwa kuti agwirizane ndi chinachake… Ndizoonekeratu kuti Khristu pano akutchulanso kupanda pake kwa kukakamiza ophunzira a Yohane, osakonzekera kuvomereza chiphunzitso chake chonse, mwa kutenga ulamuliro wina wosiyana wa ufulu wachikhristu. Pakali pano, onyamula ufuluwu akhale anthu okhoza kuuzindikira ndi kuulandira. Iye, titero kunena kwake, akukhululukira ophunzira a Yohane chifukwa chopangabe gulu lina lapadera kunja kwa chiyanjano ndi Iye…
Luka 5:39 . Ndipo palibe munthu amene wamwa vinyo wakale adzapempha watsopano; chifukwa akuti: Zakale ndi zabwino.
Chowiringula chomwecho cha ophunzira a Yohane chili m’fanizo lomaliza la vinyo wakale kulawa bwino ( vesi 39 ). Mwa ichi Ambuye akufuna kunena kuti ndizomveka bwino kwa Iye kuti anthu, omwe anazolowera malamulo ena a moyo ndipo adzitengera okha malingaliro omwe akhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali, amamatira ndi mphamvu zawo zonse kwa iwo.
