40th annivhesari yeOrganic Mutemo paRusununguko Rwechitendero
Delta Publicaciones, imba ine mukurumbira yekutsikisa, ichangotangisa neSpanish yavo yazvino “Mutemo Nechitendero” magazini, nhamba XV, kurangarira Kwemakore 40 eMutemo Werusununguko Rwechitendero cheSpain.
Magazini iyi, iyo ine zvinyorwa nemapurofesa epamusoro akazara eRusununguko rweReligious yakarongwa na Prof. Miguel Rodríguez Blanco uye Prof. Marcos González Sánchez, vese vakahwina veSpanish vakapihwa "Religious Freedom Awards" pa2018 uye 2019 zvichiteerana. Iyo Organic Law 7/1980 yaChikunguru 5, 1980 paRusununguko rweChitendero yasvika makore makumi mana echokwadi. Mutemo uyu wakabatsira mukucherechedzwa kwekodzero yerusununguko rwechitendero nevagari vese uye kusavapo kwekurwisana kwakakomba kana kunetsana munharaunda iyi.
Iyo LOLR yaive chinhu chakakosha mukushandurwa nekubatanidzwa kwedemocracy nyika muSpain. Yakaunza muhurongwa hwedu hwemutemo nhevedzano yezvitsva zvinoumba zviri mundima iyi yeBumbiro reMitemo riri kushanda nhasi: inovimbisa uye inovandudza zvakaenzana kodzero dzemasangano ese, mukati mehurongwa hwekucherechedzwa kwerusununguko rwechitendero chevagari vese, chimiro chisiri chesangano cheHurumende, uye chekushandira pamwe kwezviremera zvehurumende nemasangano ezvitendero. Makore makumi mana mushure mekupinda musimba reLOLR, zvakakodzera kuongorora maitiro ayo akanaka uye asina kunaka.
Kuongorora uye kudzivirira kweLOLR ndiyo mutero wakanakisa watinogona kuita mune ino yemakore makumi mana ekubvumidzwa kwayo. Tinotenda mapurofesa eEcclesiastical Law of the State avo nekuwanikwa kwavo kuri nani uye kuzvipira kwavo vakada kushandira pamwe mukuzadzikiswa kwayo. Mhedzisiro ivhoriyamu yakazara kwazvo, iyo inoreva inenge mibvunzo yese yakamutswa nezvinyorwa zveLOLR.
Nhanganyaya naProf. Rodríguez Blanco naProf. González Sánchez
Zvaive pachena kuvanhu vedemocracy ye Speini Makore makumi mana apfuura kuti vaida kugara pamwe chete murugare uye ndicho chikonzero Bumbiro reSpain razvino re40 rakasimbisa "rugare rwechitendero". Hurongwa hutsva hwebumbiro remitemo hwaida shanduko nekukurumidza mukutonga kwerusununguko rwechitendero kwakatangwa nehurumende yeFranco, nekudaro shanduko kubva pamutemo wakamisa hurongwa hwekungoshivirira mune zvechitendero - Mutemo 1978/44 we1967 Chikumi paRusununguko rwechitendero - kune yazvino Organic. Mutemo wechi28/7 we1980 Chikunguru paRusununguko rweChitendero [LOLR], izvo zvakabatsira kuita shanduko yechitendero mu Speini. Ndiwo mumwe wemitemo yekutanga kudzikwa mukuvandudzwa kwekodzero yakakosha uye wakatenderwa nekubvumirana kukuru. Iine zvinyorwa zvisere, gadziriro mbiri dzekuchinja, imwe inozvidza uye imwe yekupedzisira. Icho chinyorwa chechokwadi uye chinoshanda kune zvinangwa zvekuzadzisa chinangwa chakarongwa, chirevo chemimwe mitemo yeEurope neAmerica, uye inoramba ichibatsira sezvazvaive makumi mana emakore apfuura.
Iyo LOLR inopa sevhisi yakanaka yekugarisana, zvinoenderana nemusimboti wekusava nenyika kweHurumende, nekubatsira kuvimbisa kushandiswa kunobudirira kwekodzero yerusununguko rwechitendero. Kodzero iyi inokosha inobatwa zvakaenzana nevanhu vose uye masangano ose ezvitendero. Kazhinji, zviri muMutemo zvinogona kupfupikiswa sezvizvi: zvinovimbisa rusununguko rwechitendero uye zvinonongedza misimboti yekushuma pamusoro pekudzorwa kwechikonzero chemagariro echitendero; inoisa zviri mukati merusununguko rwechitendero uye inomisa miganhu yekushandiswa kwayo uye nezvikamu zvisiri kunze kwechikamu chekudzivirira; inodzora kuchengetedzwa kwekutonga kwekodzero dzinozivikanwa; inogadzira Rejista yeZvitendero Zvechitendero - rejisita inoratidza kuti masangano ezvitendero chinhu chakasiyana nemasangano uye chinoumba nzvimbo yavo huru yekusangana; inoziva kuzvitonga kuzere kwemasangano uye kugona kwavo kumisikidza yavo yemitemo yesangano, mitemo yemukati uye mitemo yevashandi; mukana wekuti masangano awane mukana wekusainwa kwezvibvumirano zvekushandira pamwe neHurumende - izvo zvinogadzira hwaro hwepamutemo hwakakosha, hwaro hwekodzero dzakachinjirwa kune hunhu hwavo - uye vanogadzira Advisory Commission yeRusununguko rwechitendero.
Dziviriro nevimbiso yekusiyana kwezvitendero zvinongopfuura nekudzivirira uye vimbiso yerusununguko rwechitendero. Kusiyana-siyana kunobatsira kufambira mberi uye nzanga dzisina kusiyana dziri kumashure. Iyo LOLR inopa mhinduro kumatambudziko arikumanikidza akadai sekurongeka kwenharaunda, inosimbisa nekusimudzira zvinotendwa nevanhu nemasangano uye, muchidimbu, inodzivirira mitemo isingachinji iyo yakaratidza hutongi hwehudzvanyiriri uye hunopesana nedemocracy munhoroondo yese uye izvo nhasi zviri kure. chiyero cherusununguko rwedu. Rusununguko runoda mitemo uye LOLR inozadzisa chinangwa chayo.
Iyo monographic XV yeMutemo uye chitendero Magazini yakatsaurirwa kuLOLR painosvitsa makore makumi mana echokwadi. Kana tsika ikagara kwenguva yakareba chiratidzo chekuti yakanaka uye yakunda kukanganwa. Chero zvazvingava, takapihwa nguva yadarika isu tinoona kuti inguva yakafanira yekuita ongororo yekushandiswa kwayo uye kuongorora iyo mibvunzo ingangoda kuvandudzwa, kugadziridzwa kana kubatanidzwa kune zvinyorwa zveMutemo. Kwemakore kwave kune hurukuro pamusoro pekugadzirisa kwayo kunogona kuitika uye zviri pachena kuti, kufanana nemagwaro ose emutemo, inogona kuchinjwa. Zvisinei, kana shanduko isingaiti kuti ive nani, zviri nani kuti igare sezvairi. Zvichida, sekutaura kunoita vamiririri vezvitendero zvakawanda, chinofanira kuitwa kutevedzera zviri mairi uye kuishandisa zvizere. Chero zvazvingaitika, chero shanduko kana kutsiviwa kweLOLR kunofanirwa kuwirirana zvakanyanya sezvo chiri chinyakare chinokudziridza kodzero inocherekedza yakakosha munharaunda yese.
Kuongorora uye kudzivirira kweLOLR ndiyo mutero wakanakisa watinogona kuita mune ino yemakore makumi mana ekubvumidzwa kwayo. Tinotenda mapurofesa eEcclesiastical Law of the State kuti nekuwanikwa kwavo kuri nani uye kuzvipira kwavo vakada kushandira pamwe kuti zviitike. Mhedzisiro ivhoriyamu yakazara kwazvo, iyo inoreva inenge mibvunzo yese yakamutswa nezvinyorwa zveLOLR. Saizvozvo, isu tinoda kutaura kuti Dhipatimendi rePrivate Law reYunivhesiti yeBalearic Islands rakabatana muchinyorwa ichi uye rakapihwa mari neResearch Project "40th Anniversary yeOrganic Law yeRusununguko rwechitendero. Kuongorora kwakakosha ”(L3-2019) yeiyo Foundation Pluralism uye Kugarisana kweBazi reHutungamiri, Hukama neMatare uye Democracy Memory. Yakaturikirwa newww.DeepL.com/Translator (yemahara vhezheni)
