Iwo masevhisi ehutano hwepfungwa muEurope uye pasi rose mune chikuru anoenderera mberi achipihwa mumawadhi epfungwa nezvipatara. As The European Times is zvinyorwa kukanganisa kwekodzero dzevanhu uye maitiro ekumanikidzira muzvivako izvi zvakajairika. World Health Organisation (WHO) mu zvinyorwa zvitsva zvekutungamira zvakaburitswa svondo rino humbowo hwekuti kupa nharaunda-yakavakirwa hutano hwehutano hwepfungwa iyo yose inoremekedza kodzero dzevanhu uye yakanangana nekupora kuri kuratidza kubudirira uye kusingadhuri.
Utano hwepfungwa hunokurudzirwa muhutungamiri hutsva neWHO hunofanira kunge huri munharaunda uye haifaniri kungobatanidza hutano hwepfungwa asiwo rubatsiro rwekugara kwezuva nezuva, sekufambisa kuwana pekugara uye hukama nedzidzo nemabasa emabasa.
WHO's nyowani "Nhungamiro pamusoro penharaunda dzehutano hwepfungwa masevhisi: kusimudzira-inotarisana nemunhu uye nzira-dzinoenderana nekodzero" inosimbisazve kuti hutano hwepfungwa hunofanirwa kuve hwakavakirwa munzira yekodzero dzevanhu, sekukurudzirwa neWHO Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan 2020-2030. yakatsigirwa neWorld Health Assembly muna Chivabvu 2021.
Kuchinja nekukurumidza kune akagadziridzwa hutano hwepfungwa masevhisi anodiwa
“Izvi nhungamiro itsva yakakwana inopa nharo yakasimba yekuchinja kukuru kwekukurumidza kubva kumabasa ehutano hwepfungwa anoshandisa kumanikidza uye kutarisa zvakanyanya pakushandiswa kwemushonga kugadzirisa zviratidzo zvehutano hwepfungwa, kune imwe nzira yakazara iyo inofungisisa mamiriro chaiwo uye zvishuwo zvemunhu. uye inopa nzira dzakasiyana dzekurapwa nerutsigiro,” akadaro Dr Michelle Funk weDhipatimendi reMental Health and Substance Use, uyo akatungamira kuvandudzwa kwegwaro.
Kubva pakagamuchirwa United Nations' Chibvumirano cheKodzero dzeVanhu Vakaremara (CRPD) muna 2006, nhamba iri kuwedzera yenyika dzakatsvaga kugadzirisa mitemo yavo, mitemo uye mabasa ane chokuita nehutano hwepfungwa. Nyika dzese dzemuEurope dzakasaina dzikatambira Chibvumirano ichi. Zvakadaro, kusvika pari zvino, nyika shoma dzakagadzira marongero anodiwa kuti asangane neshanduko dzinosvika kure dzinodiwa nenyika dzepasirese kodzero Dzevanhu mitemo.
Mishumo inobva pasi rose inosimbisa kuti kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kwakakomba uye miitiro yokumanikidza zvichiri kuwanda zvikuru munyika dzine mari yose. Mienzaniso inosanganisira kubvumirwa kupinda nechisimba uye kurapwa nechisimba; manual, muviri uye makemikari kuzvidzora; mararamire asina kuchena; uye kutukwa nokutukwa.
Ruzhinji rwemabhajeti ehurumende yehutano hwepfungwa achiri kuenda kuzvipatara zvepfungwa
Maererano neongororo yazvino yeWHO, hurumende dzinoshandisa mari isingasviki 2% yebhajeti radzo rehutano pahutano hwepfungwa. Pamusoro pezvo, mari zhinji yakashumwa pahutano hwepfungwa inopihwa zvipatara zvepfungwa, kunze kwekune nyika dzine mari zhinji uko nhamba yacho inosvika 43%.
Nhungamiro itsva, iyo inonyanya kuitirwa vanhu vane basa rekuronga nekugadzirisa hutano hwepfungwa, inopa ruzivo rwezvinodiwa munzvimbo dzakaita semutemo wehutano hwepfungwa, mutemo uye zano, kuendesa sevhisi, mari, kusimudzira vashandi uye kutora chikamu kweveruzhinji mu kuraira kuti masevhisi ehutano hwepfungwa aenderane neCRPD.
Inosanganisira mienzaniso kubva kunyika dzinosanganisira Brazil, India, Kenya, Myanmar, New Zealand, Norway neUnited Kingdom yenharaunda-based based health health services yakaratidza maitiro akanaka maererano nekusamanikidzira maitiro, kubatanidzwa kwenharaunda, uye kuremekedzwa kwemitemo yevanhu. kugona (kureva kodzero yekuita sarudzo maererano nemarapirwo avo neupenyu).
Masevhisi anosanganisira tsigiro yenjodzi, hutano hwepfungwa hunopiwa mukati mezvipatara zveruzhinji, mabasa ekuparidzira vanhu, nzira dzekurarama dzinotsigirwa uye rutsigiro rwunopihwa nevezera. Ruzivo nezve mari nemhedzisiro yekuongororwa kwesevhisi inounzwa inosanganisirwa. Kuenzanisa kwemitengo kunopihwa kunoratidza kuti masevhisi emunharaunda anoratidzwa anoburitsa zvibereko zvakanaka, anofarirwa nevashandisi vebasa uye anogona kupihwa nemutengo wakaenzana kune wepakati mabasa ehutano hwepfungwa.
"Shanduko yebasa rehutano hwepfungwa hunofanirwa, zvisinei, kuperekedzwa nekuchinja kukuru munharaunda yemagariro," akadaro Gerard Quinn, UN Special Rapporteur paKodzero dzeVanhu Vakaremara. "Kusvika izvozvo zvaitika, rusarura runodzivirira vanhu vane hutano hwepfungwa kurarama hupenyu huzere uye hune zvibereko hucharamba huchienderera mberi."
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