EU ine chisungo chepamutemo chekubvuma kupinda muEuropean Convention of Human Rights (ECHR) uye kubvira muna 2019 yakatangazve hurongwa hwekupinda muConvention system yeCouncil of Europe. EU, zvisinei, yakatosimbisa Chibvumirano cheUnited Nations chekodzero dzevanhu vakaremara (CRPD) uye nokudaro ine dambudziko repamutemo neECHR's Article 5 iyo inopikisana neCRPD, kana EU ikasacherechedza chero kunyunyuta.
Pane chibvumirano chakapararira chokuti chinhu chakanaka uye chinodiwa kuti EU iwedzere basa rayo rekodzero dzevanhu, kusanganisira kubvuma kuECHR. Zvisineyi, nyaya dzakati wandei dzichiri kuda kugadziriswa, pamwe dzisati dzatombotariswa kana kuzadzikiswa. Imwe yacho ndeyekodzero dzevanhu vakaremara uye matambudziko epfungwa kana EU ikabvuma kuECHR.
Yakanyorwa mumakore mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri
ECHR yakavambwa uye yakanyorwa mumakore mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri kuti idzivirire vanhu kubva mukushungurudzwa kwenyika dzavo, kuita kuti vanhu nehurumende vavimbe, uye kubvumidza nhaurirano pakati penyika.
Europe uye nyika, kazhinji, yakasimukira zvikuru kubva 1950. Zvose zvetekinoroji uye maererano nemaonero emunhu uye magariro evanhu. Nekuchinja kwakadaro kwemakumi manomwe emakore adarika, kusiyana kwezvakaitika kare uye kutadza kufanoona pakuumba dzimwe pfungwa dzechinyorwa muECHR kunounza matambudziko pakuona uye kudzivirira. kodzero Dzevanhu munyika yanhasi.
ECHR munyaya ino inosanganisira mashoko anoganhurira kodzero dzinokosha dzevanhu vakaremara mupfungwa. ECHR yakanyorwa muna 1949 na1950 inobvumira kubviswa kwe“vanhu vane pfungwa dzisina kugadzikana” zvachose pasina chimwe chikonzero kunze kwekuti vanhu ava vane hurema hwepfungwa. Rugwaro rwakagadzirwa nevamiriri veUnited Kingdom, Denmark neSweden, vachitungamirwa neBritish, kupa mvumo Eugenics yakakonzera mutemo uye maitiro aive munzvimbo munyika idzi panguva yekuumbwa kweChibvumirano.
Kwakanga kuri kugamuchirwa kwakapararira kweEugenics sechikamu chakakosha chegwaro remagariro ekutonga kwehuwandu hwaive pamudzi wekuedza kwevamiriri veUnited Kingdom, Denmark neSweden kuisa mutemo wekuregererwa, waizobvumidza mutemo wehurumende patsanura uye kuvharira “vanhu vane pfungwa dzisina kugadzikana, vakapindwa muropa nedoro kana zvinodhaka nevabvakure”.
“Zvinofanira kubvumwa kuti European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) chirongwa chakatanga muna 1950 uye magwaro eECHR anoratidza kuregeredzwa uye muitiro wekare une chokuita nekodzero dzevanhu vakaremara.”
Ms Catalina Devandas-Aguilar, Mumiriri weUN akakosha pakodzero dzevanhu vakaremara.
Kanzuru yeEurope mumakore adarika yakapinda mudambudziko rakakura pakati pezvibvumirano zvaro zviviri, ECHR neConvention on Biomedicine and Human Rights, ine zvinyorwa zvinobva pamitemo yechinyakare, yerusarura kubva muchikamu chekutanga chemakore ekuma1900 uye kodzero dzevanhu dzemazuva ano dzinosimudzirwa neUnited Nations.
Dare reEuropean Council rakaramba richitaura nezvegwaro regungano, uye kutaura zvazviri, riri kusimudzira pfungwa dzinoita kuti chipoko cheEugenics chirambe chiri muEurope.
Kutsoropodza kwechinyorwa chakanyorwa
Zvakawanda zvekushoropodzwa kwegwaro idzva remutemo riri kufungwa neDare reEuropean Council, iro riri kuwedzera chikamu chechishanu cheECHR, zvinoreva kuchinja kwemaonero uye kudiwa kwekushandiswa kwakaitika pakagamuchirwa, muna 5. , yeChibvumirano Chekodzero Dzevanhu Vepasi Pose: Chibvumirano Chekodzero Dzevanhu Vakaremara (CRPD).
CRPD inopemberera kusiyana kwevanhu uye kuremekedzwa kwevanhu. Shoko rayo guru nderekuti vanhu vakaremara vanekodzero yekuwana zvizere kodzero dzevanhu uye rusununguko rwakakosha pasina rusarura. Chibvumirano chinosimudzira kutora chikamu kuzere kwevanhu vakaremara muzvikamu zvese zvehupenyu. Inopikisa tsika nemaitiro anoenderana nezvinofungwa nevanhu, rusaruro, maitiro anokuvadza uye rusarura rune chekuita nevanhu vakaremara.
Nzira yekodzero dzevanhu yevakaremara yakagamuchirwa neUnited Nations ndeyekucherechedza vanhu vakaremara sevanhu vane kodzero uye Hurumende nevamwe sevanhu vane mabasa ekuremekedza vanhu ava.
Kuburikidza neiyi nhoroondo paradigm shanduko, iyo CRPD inogadzira nzvimbo nyowani uye inoda kufunga kutsva. Kuita kwayo kunoda zvigadziriso zvitsva uye kusiya maonero ekare kumashure.
Komiti yeUnited Nations yekodzero dzevanhu vakaremara, sechikamu chekunzwa kweruzhinji muna 2015, yakapa chirevo chisina kujeka kuKanzuru yeEurope kuti "kuiswa kwekuzvipira kana kuisa masangano evanhu vose vakaremara, uye kunyanya vanhu vane hurema hwepfungwa kana hwepfungwa. , kusanganisira vanhu vane 'kusagadzikana kwepfungwa', inorambidzwa mumutemo wenyika dzakawanda maererano nechikamu 14 cheChibvumirano [CRPD], uye inotorera vanhu vakaremara rusununguko nenzira isina kufanira uye nerusaruro sezvainoitwa pachishandiswa maonero chaiwo kana maonero. kukanganisa."
Komiti yeUnited Nations yakataura zvakare kuKanzuru yeEurope kuti, mapato eUnited States anofanirwa "kubvisa mitemo, mitemo uye zviga zvekutonga zvinobvumira kana kuitisa kurapwa kwekumanikidzirwa, sezvo kuri kukanganisa kunoenderera mberi kunowanikwa mumitemo yehutano hwepfungwa pasi rose, pasinei neuchapupu hunoratidza kushayikwa kwayo kwekubudirira uye maonero evanhu vanoshandisa hurongwa hwehutano hwepfungwa vakawana kurwadziwa kwakadzama uye kushungurudzika semugumisiro wekumanikidzirwa kurapwa. "
