Vatsvakurudzi vepaYunivhesiti yeKent vakawana nzira yemasvomhu inowanika pasi rose inogona kutsanangura zai reshiri rinenge riripo mumasikirwo aro, chinhu chisina kumboitika.
Chimiro chezai chakatora nguva refu kutarisisa kwevanoongorora masvomhu, mainjiniya uye biologist kubva pakuongorora kwemaonero.
Chimiro chave chichikosheswa zvikuru nokuda kwekushanduka-shanduka kwayo, kuva yakakura zvakakwana kuti incute embryo, iduku zvakakwana kuti ibude kunze kwemuviri nenzira yakanyatsoshanda, pane kukunguruka kamwe kakaiswa, kusimba kwakasimba zvakakwana kutakura mutoro uye kubereka 10,500. mhando dzakapona pamadinosaur. Zai rinonzi "perfect shape".
Kuongororwa kwemhando dzose dzezai kunoshandisa maumbirwo mana ejometri: sphere, ellipsoid, yai-yai-yai uye yakaita pear-shaped (conical) chimiro chine masvomhu emhando yepear-shaped shape isati yatorwa.
Maonero akajairika echimiro che "zai-chakaita sezai" ane oval, ane magumo akanongedza uye akagomara magumo, uye nzvimbo yakatambanuka iri padhuze nekwakagomarara, zvakangoita sezai rehuku. Zvisinei, zvinhu zvinogona kunge zviri nyore (sezvakaita mazai akakomberedzwa anoonekwa mumazizi, semuenzaniso) kana zvakanyanya kuoma (sezvakaita mazai akaita sepear anoonekwa mumasquirrels, snipe uye maviri emhando huru dzepenguin) . Iyo data inoratidza kuti chimiro chezai chinotemerwa pamberi pekugadzirwa kwegoko uye neakadzika membranes.
Nei zai rakaumbwa seizvi zvinoshamisa zvisinganzwisisike. Ndiko kuti, kunyangwe paine kumwe kutsvagurudza kwakapfuura mukuvandudzwa kwechimiro chezai, isu hatizive chaizvo kuti hurongwa uhu hwakauya sei. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, kutarisisa kwakanyanya muchidzidzo ichi kunokweverwa kumazai akaita sepear (akabatanidzwa muchidzidzo ichi kuita fomula yepasirese). Mune snipes zvakajairika, chimiro chepear chimiro chinogadzirisa chinovimbisa kuti mazai mana (nguva dzose) "anoenderana pamwe" mudendere (nemicheto yakanongedza mukati) kuti ave nechokwadi chepamusoro-soro nzvimbo yekuisa pasi paamai.
Vatsvaguri vari kuunza chimwe chinhu muforoma yakaita zai nekugadzira modhi yemasvomhu kuti ikwane chimiro chitsva chose chejometri, inoonekwa sedanho rekupedzisira mukushanduka kwespherical ellipsoid iyo inoshanda kune chero zai geometry.
Iyi itsva yepasirese yemasvomhu fomula yechimiro chezai yakavakirwa pazvikamu zvina: kureba kwezai, hupamhi hwepamusoro, vertical axis offset uye kota yedhayamita yezai.
Iyi formula yakatsvakwa kwenguva yakareba yepasirese idanho rakakosha mukunzwisisa kwete chimiro chezai pacharo, asiwo kuti rakashanduka sei uye nei, zvichiita kuti kupararira kwebhayoloji uye tekinoroji zvigoneke.
Tsanangudzo dzeMasvomhu dzemhando dzose huru dzemazai dzakatowana kushandiswa mukutsvaga kwechikafu, mechanical engineering, kurima, biology, architecture uye aeronautics. Semuenzaniso, iyi fomula inogona kushandiswa kukuvaka kweinjiniya yemidziyo yakatetepa-yakaita zai-yai, iyo inofanirwa kunge yakasimba kupfuura yakajairwa spherical.
Iyi fomula nyowani yakakosha budiriro ine akawanda maapplication, anosanganisira:
1. Tsananguro yesainzi inogoneka yechinhu chebhayoloji.
Iye zvino kuti zai rinogona kutsanangurwa nemasvomhu formula, basa mumunda we biological taxonomy, optimization yetekinoroji parameters, incubation yemazai uye kusarudzwa kwehuku kuchave nyore.
2. Kwakarurama uye kwakapfava kutsunga kwehunhu hwemuviri hwechinhu chebhaibheri.
Zvimiro zvekunze zvezai zvakakosha kune vaongorori uye mainjiniya vanogadzira matekinoroji ekuchengeta, kugadzira, kuchengeta uye kuronga mazai. Pane kudikanwa kwemaitiro akareruka ekuzivikanwa, uchishandisa zai vhoriyamu, nharaunda, radius ye curvature uye zvimwe zviratidzo kutsanangura contours yezai inopihwa neiyi fomula.
3. Future engineering yakafuridzirwa nebiology.
Zai is a natural biological system inodzidzwa kugadzirwa kwemainjiniya masisitimu uye matekinoroji ezvino. Chimiro chejometri chakaita zai chakagamuchirwa mukuvaka, senge denga reGuta reLondon uye Mary X skyscraper, uye kuvaka, sezvo ichikwanisa kumira mitoro yakakura nekushandisa kushoma kwezvinhu, iyo fomula iyi inogona kushandiswa nyore nyore. .
“Maitiro emhindumupindu yezvipenyu, zvakadai sokuumbwa kwamazai, anofanira kudzidzwa nokuda kwetsanangudzo yesvomhu sehwaro hwetsvakiridzo mu<em>evolutionary biology, sezvinoratidzwa neiyi fomula. Iyi fomula yepasirese inogona kushandiswa muzvidzidzo zvakakosha, kunyanya muindasitiri yezvekudya, uye ichashanda sekusimudzira kweimwe tsvakiridzo yakafemerwa nezai sechinhu chekudzidza, "akadaro munyori anotungamira kudzidza Darren Griffin. Purofesa weGenetics paYunivhesiti yeKent.
Chirevo: "Zai nemasvomhu: kuunza formula yepasi rose yechimiro chezai" naValeriy G. Narushin, Michael N. Romanov naDarren K. Grif fin, 23 Nyamavhuvhu 2021, Annals yeNew York Academy yeSainzi.
DOI: 10.1111 / nyas.14680
Kwakabva: The Perfect Shape? Tsvagiridzo Yekupedzisira Inoburitsa Equation Yekare Yepasirose YeChimiro Chezai - UNIVERSITY OF KENT
Mufananidzo: Mifananidzo yemazai kubva pazvimiro zvina zvikuru zvemarudzi eshiri anotevera: (A) mhou, denderedzwa; (B) emu, elliptical; (C) shiri dzinoimba, ovoid; (D) gondo, ovoid; uye (E) curry, pear-shaped; nemacontours avo edzidziso (mumagirafu chaiwo). Mifananidzo yemazai yakatorwa kubva kuWikimedia Commons. Credit: Darren Grif et n et al.
