IEU inounza crypto-assets, crypto-assets issuers uye crypto-asset service providers pasi pehurongwa hwekutonga kwekutanga.
Mutungamiriri weKanzuru neParamende yeEuropean vakaita chibvumirano chenguva pfupi pamusoro pe misika mu crypto-assets (MiCA) chirevo chinofukidza vanopa vasina kutsigirwa crypto-assets, uye izvo zvinonzi "stablecoins", pamwe nenzvimbo dzekutengesa uye zvikwama uko crypto-assets inobatwa. Iyi dhizaini yekutonga ichadzivirira vatengesi uye kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwemari, uku ichibvumira hunyanzvi uye kukurudzira kukwezva kweiyo crypto-asset sector. Izvi zvichaunza kujekeswa kwakawanda muEuropean Union, sezvo dzimwe nyika dzenhengo dzatove nemutemo wenyika wekristpto-assets, asi kusvika parizvino pakanga pasina hurongwa hwekutonga hwakananga padanho reEU.
Zvichangobva kuitika pachikamu ichi chiri kukurumidza kubuda zvakasimbisa kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kweEU-wide regulation. MiCA ichadzivirira zviri nani veEurope avo vakaisa mari muzvinhu izvi, uye kudzivirira kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwekristpto-assets, pavanenge vachivandudza-ushamwari kuchengetedza kukwezva kweEU. Uyu murairo unokosha uchagumisa crypto wild west uye unosimbisa basa reEU seyero-setter yezvinyorwa zvedijiti.
- Bruno Le Maire, Gurukota reFrance rehupfumi, Mari uye maindasitiri uye Digital Changamire
Kugadzirisa njodzi dzine chekuita ne crypto-assets
MiCA ichadaro chengetedza vatengi kupesana nedzimwe njodzi dzinobatanidzwa nekudyara kwekristpto-assets, uye kuvabatsira kudzivisa zvirongwa zvekunyengera. Parizvino, vatengi vane kodzero shoma dzekudzivirira kana kugadzirisa, kunyanya kana kutengeserana kukaitika kunze kweEU. Nemitemo mitsva, crypto-asset service providers vachafanira kuremekedza zvakasimba zvinodiwa kuchengetedza vatengi wallet uye kuva nemhosva kana vakarasikirwa nevaisiri mari 'crypto-assets. MiCA inovharawo chero mhando yekushungurudzwa kwemusika ine chekuita nechero mhando yekutengeserana kana sevhisi, kunyanya pamusika wekunyengera uye kuita zvemukati.
Vatambi mumusika we crypto-assets vanozodikanwa zivisa ruzivo nezvezvakatipoteredza uye mamiriro ekunze tsoka. Iyo European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) ichagadzira dhizaini yekudzora tekinoroji zviyero pane zvirimo, maitiro uye kuratidzwa kweruzivo rwakanangana nehukuru hwakaipa hwakaipa kwezvakatipoteredza nemamiriro ekunze. Mukati memakore maviri, European Commission ichafanira kupa mushumo pamusoro pezvakatipoteredza zvinokonzerwa nekristpto-assets uye kuiswa kwezvinosungirirwa zvishoma zvigadziro zvekugadzirisa zvirongwa zvekubvumirana, kusanganisira uchapupu-hwebasa.
Kudzivirira chero kupindirana nemutemo wakagadziridzwa anti-money laundering (AML), iyo ikozvino ichavharawo crypto-assets, MiCA haidzokorori zvigadziro zvekurwisa mari yekubira sezvakarongwa mune ichangobva kuvandudzwa kuendesa kwemari mitemo yakabvumirana musi wa29 Chikumi. Nekudaro, MiCA inoda kuti European Banking Authority (EBA) ichapihwa basa kuchengetedza rejista yeruzhinji yevasingaenderane ne crypto-asset service providers. Crypto-asset service providers, vane kambani yevabereki vari munyika dzakanyorwa paEU rondedzero yenyika yechitatu inofungidzirwa kuti iri panjodzi huru yemabasa ekurwisa mari, pamwe nepamusoro peEU rondedzero yenzvimbo dzisiri dzemubatanidzwa nekuda kwemitero, ichave. inodiwa kuita macheki akakwenenzverwa anoenderana neEU AML framework. Zvakaoma zvinodikanwa zvinogonawo kushandiswa kune vanogovana uye kune manejimendi eCASPs), zvakanyanya maererano nekugara kwavo.
Chimiro chakasimba chinoshanda kune iyo inonzi "stablecoins" kuchengetedza vatengi
Zviitiko zvenguva pfupi pa zvinonzi "stablecoins” misika yakaratidza zvakare njodzi dzinokonzerwa nevaridzi mukushayikwa kwemitemo, pamwe chete nemigumisiro yainayo pane dzimwe crypto-assets.
Muchokwadi, MiCA inodzivirira vatengi nekukumbira stablecoins vanopa kuti vavake yakaringana mvura inochengeterwa, ine 1/1 reshiyo uye chikamu muchimiro chedhipoziti. Wese anonzi "stablecoin" anobata achapihwa chikumbiro chero nguva uye mahara neanopa., uye mitemo inodzora kushanda kwenzvimbo inochengeterwa ichapawo mari shoma yakakwana. Uyezve, ese anonzi "stablecoins" achange achitariswa neEuropean Banking Authority (EBA), nekuvapo kweanopa muEU chiri chigadziro chechero kuburitswa.
Iko kuvandudzwa kwe asset-referenced tokens (ARTs) zvichibva pamari isiri yeEurope, senzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya yekubhadhara, ichave yakamanikidzwa kuchengetedza hutongi hwedu hwemari. Vanoburitsa maART vachadaro inoda kuve nehofisi yakanyoreswa muEU kuve nechokwadi chekutariswa kwakanaka uye kutariswa kwezvipo kune veruzhinji zvemaasethi-referenced tokens.
Ichi chimiro chinopa chokwadi chinotarisirwa chiri pamutemo uye kubvumira hunyanzvi kuti hubudirire muEuropean Union.
EU-yakafara mitemo ye crypto-asset sevhisi vanopa uye akasiyana crypto assets
Pasi pechibvumirano chaitwa nhasi, crypto-asset sevhisi vanopa (CASPs) achada mvumo kuti ashande mukati meEU. Zviremera zvenyika zvinofanirwa kupa mvumo mukati menguva yemwedzi mitatu. Nezve maCASP makuru, zviremera zvenyika zvichaendesa ruzivo rwakakodzera nguva nenguva kuEuropean Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA).
Zvisiri-fungible tokens (NFTs), kureva midziyo yedhijitari inomiririra zvinhu chaizvo senge art, mimhanzi nemavhidhiyo, ichabviswa kubva pachiyero kunze kwekunge ichiwira pasi peiyo iripo crypto-asset zvikamu. Mukati memwedzi gumi nemisere European Commission ichapihwa basa rekugadzirira ongororo yakazara uye, kana zvichionekwa zvakakodzera, yakatarwa, yakaenzana uye yakachinjika yemutemo chirevo chekugadzira hutongi hweNFTs uye kugadzirisa njodzi dziri kubuda dzemusika mutsva wakadaro.
Matanho anotevera
Chibvumirano chenguva pfupi chiri pasi pekubvumwa neKanzuru neParamende yeEuropean isati yaenda nenzira yepamutemo yekurera.
kumashure
IEuropean Commission yakauya neMiCA chirevo musi wa 24 September 2020. Icho chikamu chehombe yedhijitari yemari yepakiti, iyo inotarisira kukudziridza nzira yeEurope inokurudzira kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji uye inovimbisa kugadzikana kwemari nekuchengetedzwa kwevatengi. Pamusoro pechikumbiro cheMiCA, pasuru iyi ine chirongwa chemari yedhijitari, Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) - iyo ichavhara maCASP zvakare - uye chirevo cheiyo yakagoverwa ledger tekinoroji (DLT) yekutyaira yekushandiswa kweholese.
Iyi pasuru inovhara gaka mumutemo uripo weEU nekuona kuti hurongwa hwemutemo hwazvino hausi zvipingamupinyi pakushandiswa kwemidziyo mitsva yedhijitari yemari uye, panguva imwecheteyo, inova nechokwadi chekuti matekinoroji matsva akadaro uye zvigadzirwa zvinowira mukati mechikamu chekutonga kwemari uye. hurongwa hwekugadzirisa njodzi dzemakambani anoshanda muEU. Nekudaro, iyo pasuru ine chinangwa chekutsigira hunyanzvi uye kutora kwehunyanzvi hwemari tekinoroji uku uchipa nhanho yakakodzera yevatengi uye kuchengetedzwa kwevanodyara mari.
Kanzuru yakagamuchira chibvumirano chayo chenhaurirano paMiCA musi wa24 Mbudzi 2021. Matare epakati pakati pevamiriri vemitemo akatanga musi wa31 Kurume 2022 uye akapera muchibvumirano chenguva chasvika nhasi.
