Kuedza kurambidza kuuraya kweHalal kune hanya neHuman Rights? Uyu ndiwo mubvunzo mubatsiri wedu akakosha, PhD. Alessandro Amicarelli, gweta rine mukurumbira uye murwiri wekodzero dzevanhu, anove sachigaro weEuropean Federation on Freedom of Belief, anoti Purofesa Vasco Fronzoni, weUniversitá Telemática Pegaso kuItaly, nyanzvi mune shari'a Law.
Wana sumo yake nebhuruu, uye ipapo mibvunzo nemhinduro.
NaAlessandro Amicarelli. Rusununguko rwe chitendero uye kutenda kunodzivirira kodzero yevatendi yekurarama hupenyu hwavo zvinoenderana nezvavanotenda, mukati memiganhu, uye izvi zvinosanganisirawo mamwe maitiro ane chekuita nemagariro netsika dzechikafu, izvi zviri izvo semuenzaniso kugadzirira halal nekosher.
Pakave nenyaya dzezvikumbiro zvine chinangwa chekurambidza halal uye kosher maitiro achipokana pamusoro pekodzero dzemhuka izvo zvinoenderana nevashori vetsika idzi vanooneswa hutsinye hwakanyanya.
Prof. Vasco Fronzoni ndiMubatanidzwa Muzvinafundo paUniversità telematica Pegaso kuItaly, inyanzvi muShari'a Law uye Islamic Markets, uye zvakare ari Lead Auditor weQuality management Systems, anonyanyonangana nechikamu cheHalal kuHalal Research Council yeLahore uye inhengo ye. Dare reSainzi reEuropean Federation pamusoro peRusununguko rweKutenda.
Mubvunzo: Prof.
A: Zvikonzero zvikuru zvekurambidza kuurayiwa kwetsika maererano nekosher, shechita uye mitemo ye halal ine chokuita nemafungiro ehutano hwemhuka uye kuderedza zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kutambura kwepfungwa uye kwepanyama kwemhuka mumaitirwo ekuuraya.
Padivi pechikonzero ichi chikuru uye chakaziviswa, vamwe vaJudha nevaMuslim vanoonawo chido chekuramba kana kusarura nharaunda dzavo, nekuda kwemafungiro enyika kana mune zvimwe zviitiko zvinokurudzirwa nechido chekudzivirira zvimwe zvitendero zvakawanda.
Mubvunzo: Mukuona kwenyu kutyora kodzero dzevaMuslim here, uye panyaya yemukosheri, kodzero dzemaJuda, vachirambidza tsika dzavo dzekuuraya? Vanhu vezvitendero zvese uye vasina-kutenda vanowana chikafu chekosher uye halal uye izvi hazvingoite kuvanhu vezvitendero zvechiJudha neIslam. Vanhu vechitendero chechiJudha nechiIslam havafanirwe here kubvumidzwa kuuraya maererano nemitemo yechitendero chavo nemirau yakagara kwemazana emakore sezvo izvi zvichivimbiswa nemutemo wavo. kodzero Dzevanhu? Kurambidza tsika idzi hazvireve zvakare kukanganisa kodzero dzevanhu kubva munharaunda yakakura kuti vawane musika wekudya wekuda kwavo?
Sekuona kwangu hungu, kurambidza rudzi rwekuuraya kwechitendero kutyorwa kwerusununguko rwechitendero, rwevagari uye kunyange rwevagari chete.
Kodzero yekudya inofanirwa kuumbwa sekodzero yakakosha uye ine mativi mazhinji evanhu, uye haisi chikamu chakakosha cheugari, asiwo chigadziro chedemocracy pachayo. Yakave yakanyatsojekeswa neUN Universal Declaration yeHuman Rights ye1948 uye nhasi inocherechedzwa neakawanda epasi rose mutemo wakapfava zvinyorwa uye zvakare inovimbiswa neakasiyana machata ebumbiro. Uyezve, muna 1999 Komiti yeUnited Nations inoona nezvehupfumi, tsika nemagariro evanhu yakabudisa gwaro rinotaura nezvekodzero yekuwana chikafu chakakwana.
Zvichitevera nzira iyi, kodzero yekudya kwakakwana inofanira kunzwisiswa zvose maererano nekuchengetedzwa kwezvokudya uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvokudya uye inombundikira chirevo chisiri chehuwandu chete, asi pamusoro pehutano hwose, apo kudya kunomiririra kwete kungomirira kudya chete, asi kunovimbisa chiremera chevanhu. uye yakadaro chete kana ichienderana nezvinotemerwa zvechitendero netsika dzenharaunda iyo nyaya yacho iri.
Nenzira iyi, zvinoita sekujekesa kuti muEuropean Union Dare re Strasbourg akaziva kubvira 2010 (HUDOC - European Court Human Rights, Chikumbiro n. 18429/06 Jakobski v. Poland) kubatana kwakananga pakati pekucherechedzwa kwezvimwe zvinodiwa zvekudya uye kutaura kwerusununguko rwekutenda zvinoenderana nehunyanzvi. 9 yeECHR.
Kunyangwe Dare reBelgian Constitutional Court, nguva pfupi yadarika, richisimbisa kuti kurambidza kuuraya pasina kushamisa kunopindura kune chinodiwa munharaunda uye zvinoenderana nechinangwa chekusimudzira hutano hwemhuka, akaziva kuti kurambidza rudzi urwu rwekuuraya kunosanganisira kuganhurira rusununguko rwechitendero. VaJudha nevaMuslim, vane tsika dzechitendero dzinorambidza kudyiwa kwenyama kubva kumhuka dzakakatyamadzwa.
Naizvozvo, kubvumira kuwana kwakanangwa kwechikafu uye sarudzo dzechikafu dzakafanira chombo chinoshanda chekuchengetedza kodzero yerusununguko rwechitendero, sezvo zvichibatsira vatendi kuti vazvitaridzire pamusika wezvekudya uye kusarudza zvigadzirwa zvekudya zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvechitendero chavo.
Zvakare, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mazinga akatemerwa neHalal neKosher accreditation mitemo akanyanya kuomarara uye anovimbisa chigadzirwa chemhando yepamusoro, chine zvinodikanwa zvakanyanya kupfuura zvakajairwa zviyero zvakatemwa semuenzaniso weBIO certification. Nechikonzero ichi kuti vatengi vazhinji, vasiri vechiMuslim kana vechiJudha, vanotenga zvigadzirwa izvi nekuti vanokoshesa hutano hweveruzhinji uye vanozviona sedanho rakakosha kuwana chengetedzo yechikafu, inovimbiswa neiyo iripo Chikafu chekutonga munharaunda yechiJudha neMuslim.
Mubvunzo: Masangano ekutonga, pamwe nematare emutemo aifanira kubata nyaya dzine chekuita nechikafu che halal uye kosher, pamwe chete nezvaitaurwa nevadya zvirimwa nemavegans. Unogona here kutaura kuti ndedzipi nyaya huru dzemutemo dzine chekuita nekuuraya halal?
A: Chii chinoitika mukati Europe paradigmatic kupindura mubvunzo uyu.
Regulation 1099/2009 / EC yakaunza nzira dzekutanga dzinokatyamadza uye maitiro, ayo anoda kuurayiwa kwemhuka chete mushure mekurasikirwa nekuziva, mamiriro anofanirwa kuchengetedzwa kusvika parufu. Zvisinei, tsika idzi dzakasiyana netsika dzechitendero chechiJudha uye nemafungiro evazhinji venyanzvi dzechiMoslim, izvo zvinoda kungwarira uye kuziva mamiriro emhuka iyo inofanira kunge isina kusimba panguva yekuurayiwa, pamwe chete nekubuda ropa kwakakwana. yenyama. Nekudaro, maererano nerusununguko rwechitendero, mutemo we2009 unopa imwe neimwe yeNyika Nhengo imwe dhigirii yerutsigiro muhurongwa, ichipa nechikamu chechina chemutemo kushorwa kubvumidza nharaunda dzemaJuda nemaMuslim kuita tsika yekuuraya.
Chiyero chinowanikwa pakati pekudiwa kwemhando dzetsika dzekuuraya dzechiJudaism neIslam neiyo yemirairo mikuru inonangana nepfungwa yekudzivirira uye kugara zvakanaka kwemhuka panguva yekuuraya. Nokudaro, nguva nenguva mitemo yenyika, inotungamirirwa nehutungamiri hwematongerwo enyika yenguva ino uye yakakumbirwa nemafungiro evanhu vemunharaunda, inobvumira kana kurambidza masangano ezvitendero kuwana zvokudya nenzira inowirirana nekutenda kwavo. Izvi zvinoitika kuti muEurope kune nyika dzakadai seSweden, Norway, Greece, Denmark, Slovenia, mukuita muFinland uye zvishoma. Bherujiyamu vakashandisa kurambidzwa kwetsika kuuraya, nepo dzimwe nyika dzichibvumira.
Mukuona kwangu, uye ini ndinotaura izvi semutongi uye semudiwa wemhuka, parameter haifaniri kutenderera chete pamusoro pepfungwa yehutano hwemhuka panguva yekuuraya, iyo inogona kutanga ichiita seinopikisana uye kunyange yehunyengeri pfungwa uye isingafungi kuti kunyange. miitiro yokureurura inonangidzirwa nenzira iyi. Sezvineiwo, iyo parameter inofanirwa zvakare kutungamirwa kune hutano hwevatengi uye mukufarira kwemisika. Hazvina musoro kurambidza kuurayiwa kwetsika munharaunda asi wozobvumira kupinzwa kwenyama yakaurayiwa, inongova pfupi pfupi inokuvadza mutengi uye musika wemukati. Muchokwadi, hazviratidzike kwandiri semasanga kuti mune dzimwe nyika, uko nharaunda dzezvitendero dzakawanda uye pamusoro pezvese uko halal uye kosher yekugovera cheni yakapararira (vagadziri, nzvimbo dzekuuraya, kugadzira uye maindasitiri ekupa), pfungwa yemhuka. kugara zvakanaka kunofungidzirwa zvakasiyana. Muchokwadi, mune izvi chokwadi uko kudiwa kwevatengi kunonyanya kukosha, uko kune vashandi vazhinji muchikamu uye kune musika wakadzika midzi uye wakarongeka zvakare wekutengesa kunze kwenyika, kuuraya kwetsika kunobvumidzwa.
Ngatitarisei kuUK. Pano vanhu vechiMuslim vanomiririra pasi pe5% asi vanodya inopfuura 20% yenyama inourayiwa munharaunda yenyika, uye nyama yakabayiwa inomiririra 71% yemhuka dzose dzakaurayiwa muEngland. Nokudaro, pasi pe5% yevanhu vanodya zvinopfuura 70% yemhuka dzakaurayiwa. Nhamba idzi dzinoumba chinhu chakakosha uye chisingakoshesi kumhuri upfumi, uye kusununguka kunoratidzwa nemumiriri weChirungu mukubvumira kuuraya kwetsika kunofanira kunyorwa mukuremekedza rusununguko rwechitendero, asi zvechokwadi maererano nehupfumi hwemisika nekuchengetedzwa kwevatengi.
Mubvunzo: Prof. Fronzoni Uri Mudzidzi anopa mazano kumasangano enyika uye anoziva zvakadzama masangano ezvitendero aripo muEurope uye kunyanya muItaly. Kudya halal kwave muitiro kuvanhu vazhinji, kwete hazvo maMuslim, asi kana vachinzwa nezve “shari'a” vanhu vazhinji vekuMadokero vachiri kukahadzika uye kufungira, kunyangwe shari'a iri muMuslim yakaenzana nemitemo yeChristian canon. Vanhu nemasangano eHurumende vanoda here kudzidza zvakawanda nezve halal ne shari'a zvakazara? Zvikoro nedzidzo kuMadokero zvinodawo kuita zvakawanda munhau iyi here? Zvinoitwa panyaya yekudzidzisa veruzhinji uye kupa hurumende mazano zvakakwana here?
A: Zvechokwadi, kazhinji zvakakosha kuziva zvakawanda, sezvo ruzivo rweumwe runotungamirira kukuziva uye kunzwisisa, danho rinotangira kubatanidzwa, nepo kusaziva kunotungamirira kusavimba, iyo inoumba danho pakarepo pamberi pekutya, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kune kusagadzikana uye kusagadzikana. kuita zvisina musoro (radicalization kune rimwe divi uye Islamophobia uye xenophobia kune rimwe).
Masangano ezvitendero, kunyanya maMuslim, anoita zvishoma chaizvo kuita kuti tsika dzavo nezvido zvavo zvizivikanwe kuruzhinji uye nehurumende, uye ichi chinhu chakakosha uye mhosva yavo. Hongu, kuti unzwike unoda nzeve dzinoda kuita kudaro, asi ichokwadiwo kuti maMuslim akawanda anogara mudiaspora anofanira kuvavarira kuita zvakawanda muupenyu hwenyika uye kuzvibata sevagari vemo, kwete sevatorwa.
Kubatanidzwa kune mavambo emunhu kunorumbidzwa uye kunobatsira, asi tinofanira kucherechedza chokwadi chokuti kusiyana kwemutauro, tsika nechitendero hachisi chipingamupinyi pakubatanidzwa uye kuti hapana kupesana pakati pekugara kuMadokero uye kuva muMuslim. Zvinokwanisika uye zvakakodzerawo kukurudzira nzira yekubatanidzwa, uye izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekugoverana mupfungwa yekuzivikanwa, nedzidzo uye nekuremekedza mitemo. Avo vakadzidza vanonzwisisa kuti munhu anofanira kugamuchira vamwe, pasinei nokusiyana kwavo.
Ini zvakare ndinofunga kuti masangano eNyika uye vezvematongerwo enyika vanofanirwa kutsvaga mamwe mazano ehunyanzvi kubva kune avo vanoziva nyika dzese.
Mubvunzo: Iwe une chero mazano uye mazano kune avo vari kuedza kurambidza halal zvigadzirwa kuMadokero?
A: Zano rangu rinogara richienda mupfungwa yeruzivo.
Kune rumwe rutivi, rusaruro rwechokwadi rwedzimwe pfungwa dzekurwisa mhuka kunofanira kuenzaniswa nemafungiro pamusoro pekugara zvakanaka kwemhuka ari mutsika dzechiJudha nedzechiMuslim, idzo dzinogara dzichifuratirwa asi dziripo.
Pane rumwe rutivi, kuita kuenzana kwefariro kusiri nyore nguva dzose, kunofanira kucherekedzwa kuti revo itsva yenheyo yorusununguko rworudzidziso yakabuda, sekodzero yokuwana zvokudya zvakaringana nenzira yokureurura. Naizvozvo, inofanirwa kuitiswa gadziriso nyowani yemusimboti werusununguko rwekutenda saka iri kubuda sekodzero yekuwana chikafu chakakwana zvinoenderana nereurura inotemerwa yetsika yekuuraya, zvichienderana nekumwe kuderera kwakanangana nekutsiga kwehupfumi hwevagadziri nevatengi. , uyewo maererano nekuchengetedzwa kwezvokudya.
