Hurukuro naArchitect Volodymyr Meshcheriakov, akatungamira kuvakwazve kwekereke yenhoroondo muna 2000-2010, yakaparadzwa naStalin muma1930s.
NaDr Ievgeniia Gidulianova
Bitter Nguva yechando (14.09.2023) - Muna Nyamavhuvhu 2023, isingasviki mwedzi mushure mekunge chombo chekuRussia chakuvadza zvakanyanya Transfiguration Cathedral yeOdesa, Architect Volodymyr Meshcheriakov (*) aive pachiteshi chezvikepe cheUkraine kuti aongorore kukanganisa kwekuramwa kweRussia.
Meshcheriakov munhu ane zita rakabatana zvakananga nenhoroondo yekuvakwazve kweOdesa Cathedral yeKushanduka kweMuponesi, iyo yakaparadzwa zvachose panguva yaStalin.
Muna 1999, boka revagadziri vari pasi pehutungamiriri hwake ndiye akahwina kudana kwenyika kumapurojekiti ekuvakazve Odesa Cathedral yeKushandurwa kweMuponesi. Cathedral yakavakwa patsva muna 2000-2010 pahwaro hwepurojekiti yake uye akabva apihwa Mubairo weHurumende weUkraine mundima yezvivakwa zvekuvakazve Odesa Cathedral. Ndiye zvakare munyori we monograph pamusoro penyaya iyi.
Kubvunzurudzwa
Q.: Kubva pakuona kwako kwehunyanzvi, unoongorora sei kuparara kwakakonzerwa neTransfiguration Cathedral semugumisiro wekupfura kweRussia missile kuOdesa husiku hwe23 Chikunguru 2023?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: Roketi yakapfuura yakamira pamusoro pedenga repamusoro peatari yekurudyi, ichiparadza uriri hwekathedral uye maviri epasi pevhu akasimbiswa kongiri uriri hwechikamu chezasi cheChechi. Madziro echikamu ichi chechivako akakuvadzwa zvakanyanya. Kupfuura 70% yezvivakwa zvedenga uye chifukidziro chemhangura cheKathedral chakaparadzwa zvachose kana kukuvadzwa ne shrapnel uye blast wave. Anenge ese akatungidzwa nemhangura edenga recathedral ari pasi pekuputswa uye kudzoreredzwa. Kushongedzwa kwehunyanzvi kwenzvimbo yekumusoro kwechivako kwakapotsa kwaparadzwa zvachose. Yese iconostases zvakare yakaparadzwa zvachose - iyo marble imwe uye maviri edivi. Iyo marble flooring yakakuvadzwa zvakanyanya nezvimedu zveroketi.
Q.: Iwe unofunga kuti zvichadhura zvakadii kudzorera zvachose Odesa Cathedral yeKushanduka kweMuponesi?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: Mari chaiyo inodiwa pakudzorerwa kuzere kweCathedral inogona chete kutsanangurwa pahwaro hwekuvandudzwa kwechidzidzo chesainzi, dhizaini uye fungidziro yezvinyorwa zvebasa rinodiwa. Kugadziriswa kwezvinyorwa zveongororo yakadzama, kuputsa uye kudzoreredza zvimiro zvakakanganisika, zvivakwa uye zvekushongedza mukati nekunze kweCathedral ibasa rakakura rinogona kutora makore akati wandei. Kusvika ikozvino, kukurudzirwa kwezvinyorwa zvakadaro maererano nemashoko angu hazvisi kuitika, zvikumbiro zvebasa rakadaro uye zvitubu zvekubhadhara mari hazvina kuonekwa.
Ini ndiri nyanzvi yezvemitemo paBazi reRuramisiro reUkraine uye ndinotenda kuti chimwe chezvinhu zvezvinyorwa zvekudzorerwa kweCathedral nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaparadzwa zvinofanira kuva mushumo wezvemitemo nemhedziso uye huwandu hwekukuvara. Sekuona kwangu, mari iyi inogona kuenzana nemamiriyoni mashanu emadhora. Mari inodiwa pakudzorerwa kweCathedral muchimiro chayo chepakutanga inogona kuunzwa mudare kuti muripo kunyika ine mhirizhonga.
Mubvunzo: Zvinogona kutora nguva yakareba sei kuti uwane kudzorerwa?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: Ini ndinofunga kuti mushure mekuona mabviro emari, vanopa uye makambani ekuvaka patsva, zvinotora makore mashanu kusvika gumi ebasa rakasimba uye rakakodzera kudzorera zvachose Cathedral. Zvino, chekutanga pane zvese, zvinodikanwa kuti uongorore kathedhi uye kugadzirira fungidziro yedhizaini yekudzoreredza.
Cathedral yakavakwa uye yakavakwazve mumatanho anopfuura makore zana. Cathedral Square yakagadzwa muna 1794 pachirongwa chekutanga cheOdesa chakagadzirwa nainjiniya wechiDutch Franz De Volan. Pashure pokuvakwazve kwokupedzisira muna 1900-1903, yakagarisa vanhu vanosvika 12,000 XNUMX uye yakanga iri chivako chikurusa chechechi kumaodzanyemba kweUkraine, musimboti woupenyu hwomudzimu nokuda kwavagari vomuOdesa.
Muna 1936, Odesa Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior yakapambwa uye yakaparadzwa nevakuru veSoviet, kufanana nemamwe machechi akawanda muUSSR.
Muna 1991, ndakatanga kuunganidza data rekutanga uye rumwe ruzivo nezve Cathedral, uye muna 1993, pasi pehutungamiriri hwangu, chirongwa chekutanga chekuvakazve iyi yakarasika yenhaka nzvimbo yeUkraine yakapera.
Muna 1999 chirongwa chedu chekuvakazve Cathedral chakahwina mumakwikwi enyika uye takaenderera mberi nekusimudzira chirongwa ichi. Cathedral yakavakwa mumatanho matatu, kutanga muna 2000. Muna 2007, yakatangwa kushanda, yakagamuchira mamiriro echiyeuchidzo chekare chekukosha kwemunharaunda muUkraine uye yakakumikidzwa zvakasimba muna 2010. Kuvaka, kushongedza uye basa rekugadzira rakaenderera mberi kweanopfuura kupfuura. 10 makore pasina kushandiswa kwemari yeruzhinji, chete pazvipo kubva kuvagari, mabhizinesi nemamwe masangano akasiyana. Iyo Black Sea Orthodox Fund yakagadzirwa muOdesa kuti iunganidze mari uye mipiro yekugadzira, kuvaka uye kushongedza kweCathedral.
Q.: Pane mabasa atove kuenderera mberi ane chekuita nekukasira matanho ane chinangwa chekuchengetedza nekuchengetedza kathedhi sechinhu chenhaka yetsika yeUkraine kubva mukumwe kuparadzwa?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: Parizvino, nekuda kwekuedza kwevagari, marara ezvimedu zvezvivakwa zvakaparadzwa uye mukati meCathedral yakabviswa. Chinhu chikuru ikozvino kuiswa kwechifukidzo chenguva pfupi isati yasvika-yechando nguva, kuchengetedza mukati kubva kune mvura nechando. Basa mune iyi nzira riri kuenderera mberi, asi hazvina kukwana mumaonero angu.
Mauto ese uye nzira dzeUkraine zvino dzakanangana nekuona mauto eUkraine kukunda mupambi anotyisa - Russia yaPutin. Zvakare, chekutanga, vagari vekuUkraine vane dzimba dzakaparadzwa vanoda rutsigiro rwemari. Chivakwa cheKathedral ndecheOdesa Diocese yeUkraine Orthodox Church (UOC), iyo inobatsirawo vapoteri uye haina mari yakakosha zvakadaro yekudzoreredza kweCathedral yeTransfiguration.
Q. Ndiani muUkraine akavimbisa kugovera pakuvakazve? Mupiro wavo wakapikirwa wakadii?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: Odesa Cathedral muna 1999 yakabatanidzwa muChirongwa cheHurumende cheKuvakazve Nzvimbo Dzakarasika Dzakarasika Cultural Heritage Sites yeUkraine, iyo inopa kugoverwa kwemari yebasa rose asi hapana mari yepurojekiti iyi yakambogoverwa. Black Sea Orthodox Fund yakavhurwa kuti iunganidze mari yekudzoreredza kathedral. Kusvika iye zvino, handina ruzivo pamusoro pevaUkraine vakazvipira kupa mari yekudzorerwa kweCathedral yakaparadzwa neRussia missile kurwisa.
Mubvunzo
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: Kwete, havana kundibata. Semukuru wechikwata chevagadziri veKathedral yakavakwa patsva, ndinoona zvakakodzera kuti zvionekwe kune zvazvino uye zvizvarwa zvichauya chokwadi chekuti Odesa Shrine yakaparadzwa nechombo chekuRussia. Kuti izvi zviitike, chirongwa chekudzorera chinofanira kusanganisira hurongwa hunotaura nezvekwakabva kuparara pamadziro makuru akakuvadzwa kunze kwecathedral uye mukati. Kuti uite izvi, mune ramangwana rekugadzirisa chirongwa, kutsemuka mumadziro akakuvadzwa kunze uye mukati meCathedral kunofanirwa kunyorwa uye kuratidzwa mutsvuku. Sarudzo yakadai ichaita kuti rirege kufa kurova kweRussia missile paOdesa Cathedral. Iyo yakanyorwa uye yakasimbiswa kuparadzwa kwechikamu ichi checathedral inogona kuve imwe yenzvimbo dzekurangarira dzeUkraine mukurangarira hutsinye hwemauto ePutin's Russia.
Ndiani Volodymyr Meshcheriakov:
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov iPh.D Arch, Ass. Prof., Mubairo weNyika Mubayiro weUkraine mumunda wezvivakwa muna 2010 zvekuvakwazve kweOdesa Transfiguration Cathedral, Nhengo yeUkraine Komiti yeICOMOS, Sachigaro weOdesa redunhu bazi reArchitectural Chamber yeNational Union of Architects. weUkraine. Forensic nyanzvi yeBazi rezvemitemo reUkraine. Kutsvagisa Fellow paBritish Academy's Vanotsvagisa paRisk Chirongwa uye Kushanyira Scholar Trinity College, University of Cambridge.
Munyori wemonographs maviri uye anopfuura makumi manomwe esainzi zvinyorwa, zvinyorwa, thess mumunda wezvivakwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwenhaka yetsika.
