Makore zana nemakumi maviri kubva pakafa Camille Pissarro muna 120
Munyika yakafanana neyedu - yakazadzwa nezviitiko zvakashata zvehondo, nhau dzakaipa pamusoro pemamiriro ekunze uye remangwana repasi, kudhindwa kwenzvimbo yevatenzi veunyanzvi hwakanaka, vanyori vemifananidzo inopindirana yezvisikwa, vanoita sebharisamu yemweya yedu. Uye ndiye mumwe weavo vakaona runako muzvinhu zvakajairika, uye akakwanisa kuzvitaura zvekuti tinoita setiri kurarama pakati pevatambi vezvipfeko zvake, uye isu tinoda kutakurwa mavari.
Pave nemakore zana nemakumi maviri kubva pakafa mumwe wevatangi ve impressionism - mugadziri weFrance Camille Jacob Pissarro.
Pissarro akasika mutauro mutsva wekufananidzira muunyanzvi uye akagadzira nzira yemaonero matsva epasirese - dudziro yekuzvimiririra yechokwadi. Aive mugadziri wenguva yake uye ane vateveri vazhinji - maartist ezvizvarwa zvinotevera.
Akazvarwa muna Chikunguru 10, 1830 pachitsuwa cheSt. Thomas muCharlotte Amalie, Danish West Indies (ba kubva 1917 - US Virgin Islands) - koloni yeDanish Empire, kuvabereki vePutukezi Sephardic muJudha uye mukadzi weDominican. . Akagara muCaribbean kusvikira makore ake okuyaruka.
Pazera ramakore 12, akatumirwa kunodzidza paSavary Lycée (chikoro chebhodhingi) muPassy, pedyo neParis. Mudzidzisi wake wekutanga - Auguste Savary, muimbi anoremekedzwa, akatsigira chido chake chekupenda. Mushure memakore mashanu, Pissarro akadzokera kuchitsuwa, aine maonero akachinja nezvehunyanzvi uye nzanga - akave muteveri weanarchism.
Hushamwari hwake nemuimbi weDanish Fritz Melby akamuendesa kuVenezuela. Vamwe vanyori vehupenyu hwemuimbi vanoti akaita izvi pachivande kubva kuna baba vake. Iye naMelby vakagadzira studio muCaracas, uye panguva iyoyo Pissarro akadzokera kwenguva pfupi kuchitsuwa cheSt. Thomas kunoona mhuri yake. Baba vake vave vachimutsamwira kwemakore matatu - zvirongwa zvemwanakomana wavo ndezvekumubudirira mukutengeserana, kwete kuva mhizha.
MuCaracas, Pissarro akapenda nzvimbo yeguta, musika, mataveni, asiwo hupenyu hwekumaruwa. Runako rwakapoteredza runomukurira zvachose. Baba vake zvakare vanoedza kumuunza kumba, asi kunyange pachitsuwa chePissarro nguva zhinji haana kugara muchitoro, asi akamhanyira kuchiteshi chengarava, kupenda gungwa uye zvikepe.
Muna Gumiguru 1855, akaenda kuParis kuWorld Exhibition, kwaakazonyatsoziva nezvemachira eEugene Delacroix, Camille Corot, Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres, nevamwe. Munguva iyoyo aifarira zvikuru Corot uye akamudaidza kuti mudzidzisi wake. Akaronga pavilion yakazvimirira kunze kwechiratidziro, chaakadana kuti "Realism".
Pissarro akagara muParis nekuti vabereki vake vakagarawo ipapo. Anogara kumba kwavo. Anodanana nemurandakadzi wavo, Julie Vallee, uye vanoroorana. Mhuri yechidiki iyi yaive nevana vasere. Mumwe wavo akafa pakuzvarwa, uye mumwe wevanasikana vavo haana kurarama kusvika 9. Vana vaPissarro vakapenda kubva paudiki. Iye pachake anoramba achivandudza. Pamakore makumi maviri nematanhatu, akasaina zvidzidzo zvepachivande paEcole des Beaux-Arts.
Muna 1859 akasangana naCézanne. Chimwe chiitiko chakakosha chakaitika - kwekutanga pendi yake yakaratidzwa mune yepamutemo Art Salon. Tiri kutaura nezve "Landscape padyo neMontmorency", iyo isingaite yakasarudzika yekutaura kune chikamu chenyanzvi, asi iko kwakakomba budiriro yePissarro musangano.
Makore maviri chete gare gare, akanga atova nemukurumbira wakasimbiswa senyanzvi yakanaka uye akanyoreswa somukopi paLouvre. Zvisinei, Salon jury yakatanga kuramba mabasa ake uye akamanikidzwa kuvaratidza muSalon yeVakarambwa. Vamwe vanotenda kuti chikonzero cheizvi ndechekuti Pissarro akazvisainira mumabhuku e1864 uye 1865 eParis Salon semudzidzi weCorot, asi pachena akatanga kuzviendesa kure naye. Izvi hazvina kuonekwa sechido chekuvaka maitiro ake, asi sechiratidzo chekusaremekedza, uye mupfungwa iyi zvakanga zvisina kunaka kune muiti.
Kurambwa kwake kubva kuSalon kwakangogara kwenguva pfupi. Muna 1866, akagamuchirwa zvakare - akapa maviri emifananidzo yake ipapo. Mabasa ake akagamuchirwawo mumakore akatevera, kusanganisira. kusvika kuma1870.
Pakati pa1866 na1868 akapenda naCézanne muPontoise. “Takanga tisingaparadzanisiki!” Pissarro akazogovera, achitsanangura kufanana kwemabasa akagadzirwa nevaviri panguva iyoyo. - Asi chinhu chimwe chine chokwadi, anotsanangura - mumwe nemumwe wedu ane chinhu chimwe chete chakakosha: manzwiro ake. kuti uone. ”…
Muna 1870, Camille Pissarro akatanga kushanda naClaude Monet naRenoir. Mumakore akatevera, kurudziro yekugadzira chaiyo yakamera mumba make muLouvesien - mizhinji yemifananidzo yakanaka yakaunganidzwa ipapo, seyatotaurwa, pamwe naCézanne, Gauguin naVan Gogh. Pano tinofanira kutsanangura kuti Pissarro aiva mumwe weVan Gogh vekutanga vanoyemura.
Hondo yeFranco-Prussian yakamanikidza Pissarro kuti abve pamba ndokuenda kuLondon, kwaakasangana naMonet naSisslet uye akaziviswa kune mutengesi wemifananidzo Paul Durand-Ruel. Anotenga maviri emafuta ake e "London" pendi. Durand-Ruel akazova mutengesi akakosha weImpressionists.
Muna Chikumi 1871, Pissarro akarohwa zvakanyanya - akawana imba yake muLouvesien yaparadzwa zvachose. Mauto ePrussia akaparadza mamwe emabasa ake kubva panguva yekutanga. Pissarro aisakwanisa kutsungirira kupindira uku uye akatamira kunogara muPontoise, kwaakagara kusvikira 1882. Panguva ino, anorenda studio muParis, iyo yaasingawanzoshandisa.
Muna 1874, akapinda mune yekutanga impressionist kuratidzwa muNadar's studio. Icho chiitiko chakakosha chaakapemberera naCézanne. Makore mashanu gare gare, Pissarro akava shamwari naPaul Gauguin, uyo akapinda mukuratidzira kwe1879 yeImpressionists.
Uye heino mukana wekutaura chimwe chinhu chisingatsananguriki nanhasi kune vatsoropodzi vazhinji. Camille Pissarro - murume uyu akagadzira zvine hushamwari nevatambi vakuru venguva yake uye akabatana navo murunyararo, akangoerekana awira mudambudziko.
Akatamira kunogara kuErani uye akanga achitsvaga nzira itsva yemabasa ake. Nenguva isipi, mapointllists Signac naSeurat vakaonekwa pakatarisana, uye Pissarro akatanga kuedza nemaitiro avo e "points", ayo akasika nzvimbo dzinoshamisa. Akatora chikamu mune ese masere Impressionist kuratidzwa, kusanganisira. uye mune yekupedzisira - muna 1886.
Mumakore ekuma1990, akatambudzwa zvakare nekusava nechokwadi kwekusika uye akadzokera kune "pure" impressionism. Hunhu hwake hunochinjawo - anoshatirwa, uye mumaonero ake ezvematongerwo enyika - anotonyanya kunyanyisa anarchist.
Zvichakadaro, anobudirira kupa mabasa ake muLondon. magumo anowanzomusundidzira kubva pakubudirira kuenda kune rima. Pachiratidziro chakabatana naAntonio de la Gandara paDurand-Ruel Gallery, vatsoropodzi vanonyepera kusaona mabasa ake makumi mana nematanhatu anoratidzwa mugalari uye vanongotaura nezveDe la Gandara.
Camille Pissarro akapwanyika chaizvo nekuregeredza. Nhasi, mabasa ake anotengeswa nemamiriyoni emadhora, asi zvakanga zvisiri izvo panguva iyoyo. Pissarro aigara ari pamucheto wekusagadzikana.
Muiti wemifananidzo akafa muParis uye akavigwa mumakuva emukuru "Père Lachaise". Kuunganidzwa kwese kwemifananidzo yake kunoitwa muMusée d'Orsay muParis uye Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.
Hupenyu hwake hunopindirana nehunhu hukuru zvekuti hunoita senge epic. Wanga uchiziva here kuti mumwe wevakangwara, fan wake akavimbika, aive Emile Zola? Zola haana kutaura mazwi ekurumbidza Pissarro muzvinyorwa zvake.
Chokwadi, kwete zvisina kufanira zvachose, Pizarro akasiiwa kuti awane chokurarama nacho nenzira yakaoma kwazvo yekudyisa mhuri yake. Akasvika pakuti akatanga kupenda mafeni nekugadzira zvitoro kuti awane mari. Aiwanzofamba nependi pasi pechitoro cheParis, achitarisira kuti mumwe munhu aizoitenga. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, aigara achitengesa mifananidzo yake pasina chinhu. Mhedziso yaClaude Monet yakanga isiri yakasiyana, asi Pissarro aiva nemhuri huru.
Mumwe wevaponesi, sezvatakambotaura, aiva mutengesi-gallerist Durand-Ruel. Aive mumwe wevatengesi vashoma vaitsigira aya maartist anopenga uye ane hurombo zvisina kunaka, ane mabasa nhasi anotengeswa nemitengo inoshamisa. Somuenzaniso, Claude Monet, pashure pemakore akawanda ourombo akava mutarisiri anotengeswa zvikurusa.
Camille Pissarro akazunza matambudziko ake emari chete mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake. Kusvikira panguva iyoyo, mhuri yacho yaitsigirwa zvikurukuru nomudzimai wake, uyo aipa zvokudya patafura nepurazi duku.
Pakupera kwehupenyu hwake, Camille Pissarro akapinda mune akati wandei ekuratidzira muParis, New York, Brussels, Dresden, Pittsburgh, Petersburg, nezvimwe.
Mutambi akafa musi waNovember 12 (maererano nemimwe mishumo munaNovember 13) 1903 muParis. Imwe yehofori dze impressionism iri kuenda. Kunyange zvazvo munyori wemifananidzo ari wedzinza rechiJudha, vamwe vatsoropodzi vanomudana kuti “muJudha” baba veunyanzvi hwemazuva ano.
Chinhu chidiki diki: Kana iwe uchirangarira mabhero aClaude Monet, iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti Pissarro akaapenda pamberi pake. Miti nemaapuro mumabasa ake pasina mubvunzo zvakaorora Paul Cézanne. Pissarro's pointllism, kune rumwe rutivi, inopisa "pfungwa" dzaVan Gogh. Edgar Degas akabatidza Pissarro muhunyanzvi hwekudhinda.
Iko kuteterera kwakadini kwevatenzi vebhurasho uye runako iyo nguva inosangana!
VaImpressionists, zvisinei, vakapatsanurwa mushure mekusangana kwaDreyfus. Ivo vakaparadzaniswa nefungu rekurwisa-Semitism muFrance. Pissarro naMonet vakadzivirira Cap. Dreyfuss. Iwewo unofunga nezvetsamba yaZola yekudzivirira kaputeni, uye Degas, Cézanne naRenoir vaive kudivi rekumashure. Nechikonzero ichi, zvakasvika pakuti shamwari dzezuro - Degas naPissarro - vakapfuura mumwe nemumwe mumigwagwa yeParis vasina kumhoresana.
Haasi munhu wose, chokwadika, akasvika pakunyanyisa kwakadaro. Paul Cézanne, somuenzaniso, kunyange zvazvo aive nemafungiro akasiyana pamusoro peAffair kupfuura Pissarro, aigara achitaura zvinonzwika kuti akamuziva sa "baba" vake mune unyanzvi. Monet akazova muchengeti wemumwe wevanakomana vaPissarro mushure mekufa kwake.
Camille Pissarro akatisiira akawanda emacanvases anoshamisa, pakati pawo anonyanya kufarirwa pasina mubvunzo "Boulevard Montmartre" - 1897, "Garden in Pontoise" - 1877, "Kukurukurirana neFenzi" - 1881 "Self-Portrait" - 1903 nevamwe. Kunyange nanhasi, mifananidzo iyi inoita kuti vanhu vayemuke zvechokwadi kubva kumunyori wavo, uyo anoita seakaisa chisimbiso muupenyu zvokuti hunoramba husingapindiri nenguva.
Mufananidzo: Camille Pissarro, "Self-Portrait", 1903.
