Chirevo chitsva chepasi rose chakaburitswa neChipiri neWorld Meteorological Organisation (WMO), sangano reUN, chinoratidza kuti zvinyorwa zvakatyorwa zvakare pamusoro pemazinga egreenhouse gasi, tembiricha yepasi, kupisa kwegungwa uye acidification, kukwira kwemvura yegungwa, kuvharwa kweaizi uye kudzoka kwechando. .
Mafungu emvura, mafashamo, kusanaya kwemvura, moto wemusango uye madutu emusango akawedzera kukurumidza kukonzeresa kusuwa uye kusagadzikana, zvichisimudzira hupenyu hwezuva nezuva kumamirioni uye zvichikonzera mabhiriyoni emadhora mukurasikirwa kwehupfumi, sekureva kwe WMO State of the Global Climate 2023 report.
"Siren dziri kurira pane ese makuru zviratidzo… Mamwe marekodhi haangori machati-topping, ari kupa-chati. Uye kuchinja kuri kukurumidza,” yakadaro UN Munyori Mukuru-General Antonio Guterres mune vhidhiyo meseji yekutanga.
Red alert
Zvichienderana nedata kubva kumasangano akawanda, chidzidzo ichi chakasimbisa kuti 2023 raive gore rinodziya zvakanyanya parekodhi, neavhareji yepasi rose padyo-yepamusoro tembiricha pa1.45 ° C pamusoro peiyo pre-industrial yekutanga. Yakapfekedza nguva yekudziya kwazvo yemakore gumi yakanyorwa.
“Ruzivo rwesainzi nezvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze rwave rwuripo kweanopfuura makore makumi mashanu, uye zvakadaro takapotsa chizvarwa chose chemukana,” Munyori Mukuru weWMO, Celeste Saulo, akadaro achipa gwaro kuvatori venhau kuGeneva. Akakurudzira mhinduro yekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuti itongwe ne "garikano yezvizvarwa zvinotevera, asi kwete zvido zvehupfumi zvenguva pfupi".
“SeMunyori Mukuru weWorld Meteorological Organization, iye zvino ndiri kupa nyevero yakatsvuka pamusoro pemamiriro okunze enyika yose,” akasimbisa kudaro.
Nyika iri kusagadzikana
Nekudaro, shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ndeyekupfuura tembiricha yemhepo, nyanzvi dzeWMO dzinotsanangura. Kudziya kusati kwamboitika kwegungwa uye kusimuka kwegungwa, glacier retreat uye Antarctic gungwa kurasikirwa neaizi, zvakare chikamu chemufananidzo wakashata.
Paavhareji zuva muna 2023, chingangoita chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chepasi pegungwa chakabatwa nemhepo inopisa, ichikuvadza akakosha ecosystem uye masisitimu echikafu, chirevo chakawana.
Mazaya echando akaonekwa akatambura kurasikirwa kukuru kweaizi pane rekodhi - kubvira 1950 - nekunyungudika kwakanyanya kumadokero kweNorth America neEurope, sekureva kwekutanga data.
Alpine ice caps yakasangana nemwaka wekunyungudika kwakanyanya, semuenzaniso, nevaya vari mukati Switzerland inorasikirwa nezvikamu gumi kubva muzana zvevhoriyamu yavo yasara mumakore maviri apfuura.
Kurasika kweaizi yegungwa reAntarctic kwaive kwakadzikira zvakanyanya parekodhi - pamiriyoni imwe yemakiromita pazasi pegore rapfuura rekodhi - yakaenzana nehukuru hweFrance neGermany dzakasanganiswa.
Yakacherechedzwa kutariswa kwematatu makuru egreenhouse magasi - carbon dioxide, methane, uye nitrous oxide - yakasvika rekodhi mazinga muna 2022 uye yakaramba ichiwedzera muna 2023, yekutanga data inoratidza.
Global repercussions
Sekureva kwemushumo, mamiriro ekunze uye kunyanyisa kwemamiriro ekunze ndiko kungave honzeri kana zvakakomba zvinokonzeresa izvo muna 2023 zvakakonzera kutamiswa, kusachengeteka kwechikafu, kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu, nyaya dzehutano nezvimwe.
Chirevo ichi, semuenzaniso, chinopa nhamba dzekuti nhamba yevanhu vasina chikafu zvakanyanya pasi rose yakapetwa nekaviri. kubva pamamiriyoni 149 pamberi pe Covid-19 denda kusvika 333 miriyoni muna 2023 munyika makumi manomwe nesere inotariswa neWorld Food Programme (WFP).
“Dambudziko remamiriro ekunze riripo kutsanangura dambudziko izvo vanhu vakatarisana nazvo. Inopindirana zvikuru nedambudziko rekusaenzana – sezvinoonekwa nekukura kwekushaikwa kwechikafu uye kutamiswa kwevanhu, uye kurasikirwa kwezvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana,” vakadaro Mai Saulo.
Kupenya kwetariro
Chirevo cheWMO hachingomutsa alarm chete asiwo chinopa zvikonzero zvekutarisira. Muna 2023, kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwesimba kwakakwira neanenge makumi mashanu muzana, anosvika mazana mashanu negumi gigawatts (GW) - mwero wepamusoro wakaonekwa mumakumi maviri emakore.
Kuwedzera mukugadzirwa kwesimba rinowanikwazve, kunonyanya kufambiswa nemwaranzi yezuva, mhepo, uye kutenderera kwemvura, kwakaimisa sesimba rinotungamira mukuita kwemamiriro ekunze kuzadzisa zvinangwa zve decarbonization.
Masisitimu eyambiro ekutanga anobudirira akakosha pakudzikamisa kukanganisa kwenjodzi. The Yambiro dzekutanga kune Vese chirongwa chine chinangwa chekuona kuchengetedzwa kwepasirese kuburikidza nekutanga yambiro masisitimu panosvika 2027.
Kubva pakugamuchirwa kwe Sendai Framework yekuDeredza Njodzi Dambudziko, kwave nekuwedzera kwekuvandudzwa uye kushandiswa kwemaitiro emunharaunda ekuderedza njodzi.
Kubva 2021 kusvika 2022, mari yepasi rose inoenderana nemamiriro ekunze inoyerera yakapetwa kaviri zvichienzaniswa nemazinga a2019-2020, kusvika pamadhora 1.3 trillion.
Nekudaro, izvi zvinongosvika chikamu chimwe chete kubva muzana cheGDP yepasi rose, zvichisimbisa gaka rakakura remari. Kuzadzisa zvinangwa zve1.5 ° C nzira, mari yegore negore mari yekudyara inofanirwa kuwedzera kakapetwa katanhatu, inosvika madhora zviuru mazana mapfumbamwe panosvika 9, neimwe $2030 trillion inodiwa panosvika 10.
Mutengo wekusaita
Mutengo wekusaita unoshamisa, mushumo unonyevera. Pakati pe2025 ne2100, iyo inogona kusvika $1,266 trillion, inomiririra mutsauko mukurasikirwa pakati pebhizimisi-se-yakajairika mamiriro uye 1.5 ° C nzira. Vachiona kuti nhamba iyi ingangove isingatarisirwe zvakanyanya, nyanzvi dzezvemamiriro ekunze dzeUN dzinokurudzira kuti mamiriro ekunze aitwe nekukurumidza.
Chirevo ichi chinotangwa pamberi pemusangano weCopenhagen Climate Ministerial, uko vatungamiriri vemamiriro ekunze nemakurukota kubva pasirese vachaungana kekutanga kubvira. COP28 muDubai kusimudzira kukurumidza kuita kwemamiriro ekunze, kusanganisira kuendesa chibvumirano chekutarisira mari kuCOP29 muBaku gare gare gore rino - kushandura hurongwa hwenyika kuita.
