Vatsvaguri vakagadzira mhinduro yekuchengetedza neiyi diki chip yemagetsi-nzara AI modhi iyo inopa dziviriro kubva kuviri kurwiswa kwakajairwa.
Health-monitoring apps inogona kubatsira vanhu kubata zvirwere zvisingaperi kana kuramba vari munzira nezvinangwa zvekusimba, vasingashandisi chimwe chinhu kunze kwe smartphone. Nekudaro, maapplication aya anogona kunonoka uye simba-kusashanda nekuti iwo mahombe ekudzidza-muchina anoasimbisa anofanirwa kuvharwa pakati pe smartphone nepakati memory server.
Mainjiniya vanowanzo mhanyisa zvinhu vachishandisa Hardware inoderedza kudiwa kwekufambisa data rakawanda kumashure nekudzoka. Nepo aya emuchina-kudzidza accelerator achikwanisa kufambisa computation, anotapukirwa nevanorwisa vanogona kuba ruzivo rwakavanzika.
Kudzikisa kusagadzikana uku, vaongorori kubva kuMIT uye MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab vakagadzira muchina-wekudzidza accelerator inoshingirira kune maviri akajairika marudzi ekurwiswa. Chip yavo inogona kuchengeta marekodhi ehutano emushandisi, ruzivo rwemari, kana imwe data inonzwisisika yakavanzika ichiri kugonesa hombe maAI modhi kuti ishande nemazvo pamidziyo.
Chikwata chakagadzira akati wandei optimizations inogonesa kuchengetedzwa kwakasimba uku ichingonotsa mudziyo zvishoma. Uyezve, iyo yakawedzerwa chengetedzo haikonzeredze kurongeka kwemakomputa. Uyu muchina-wekudzidza accelerator unogona kunyanya kubatsira pakuda AI application senge yakawedzerwa uye chaiyo chaiyo kana kutyaira kuzvimiririra.
Kunyange kushandisa chip kwaizoita kuti mudziyo udhure zvishoma uye ushaye simba-simba, izvo dzimwe nguva mutengo wakakodzera kubhadhara kuchengetedza, anodaro munyori anotungamira Maitreyi Ashok, mudzidzi wemagetsi engineering uye computer science (EECS) akapedza kudzidza paMIT.
"Zvakakosha kugadzira uine kuchengeteka mupfungwa kubva pasi. Kana iwe uri kuyedza kuwedzera kunyange shoma shoma yekuchengetedza mushure mekugadzirwa kwehurongwa, inodhura zvisingaite. Takakwanisa kunyatso kuenzanisa yakawanda yeiyi tradeoffs panguva yekugadzira chikamu, "anodaro Ashok.
Vanyori vake vanosanganisira Saurav Maji, mudzidzi weEECS akapedza kudzidza; Xin Zhang naJohn Cohn veMIT-IBM Watson AI Lab; uye munyori mukuru Anantha Chandrakasan, MIT's innovation and strategy officer, dean weChikoro cheUinjiniya, uye Vannevar Bush Purofesa weEECS. Tsvagiridzo iyi ichaunzwa paIEEE Tsika Yakabatanidzwa Masekete Musangano.
Side-channel susceptibility
Vatsvagiri vakananga mhando yemuchina-yekudzidza accelerator inonzi digital in-memory compute. Dijitari IMC chip inoita computations mukati mendangariro yemudziyo, uko zvidimbu zvemuchina-yekudzidza modhi zvinochengetwa mushure mekutamiswa kubva pakati pesevha.
Iyo yese modhi yakakurisa kuti isachengeteke pachishandiso, asi nekuchityora kuita zvidimbu uye nekushandisazve zvidimbu izvozvo zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, IMC machipi anoderedza huwandu hwe data hunofanirwa kutamiswa kumashure nekudzoka.
Asi machipi eIMC anogona kubatwa nevanobira. Mukurwiswa kwepadivi-chiteshi, hacker anotarisisa mashandisiro esimba rechip uye anoshandisa matekiniki ehuwandu kudzosera data reinjiniya sekuverengera chip. Mukurwisa-kutsvagisa bhazi, hacker inogona kuba zvimedu zvemodhi uye dataset nekuongorora kutaurirana pakati peanomhanyisa uye off-chip memory.
Digital IMC inomhanyisa computation nekuita mamirioni ekushanda kamwechete, asi kuomarara uku kunoita kuti zviome kudzivirira kurwiswa uchishandisa matanho ekuchengetedza echinyakare, Ashok anodaro.
Iye nevaaishanda navo vakatora nzira ine-nhatu dzekuvharira kurwisa kwepadivi-channel uye nebhazi.
Chekutanga, vakashandisa chiyero chekuchengetedza uko data muIMC rinopatsanurwa kuita zvidimbu zvisingaite. Semuenzaniso, zero zvishoma inogona kupatsanurwa kuita zvidimbu zvitatu zvichiri kuenzana zero mushure mekushanda zvine musoro. Iyo IMC haimboverengera nezvimedu zvese mukushanda kumwe chete, saka kurwiswa kwepadivi-chiteshi hakungambokwanisa kuvakazve ruzivo chairwo.
Asi kuti hunyanzvi uhu hushande, mabheti asina kurongeka anofanirwa kuwedzerwa kuti atsemure data. Nekuti dijitari IMC inoita mamirioni ekushanda kamwechete, kugadzira akawanda mabhiti asina kurongeka kungasanganisira yakawandisa komputa. Kune yavo chip, vaongorori vakawana nzira yekurerutsa computations, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kupatsanura zvine hungwaru data uku uchibvisa kudiwa kwemabhiti asina kujairika.
Chechipiri, ivo vakadzivirira kurwiswa kwebhazi-kuferefeta vachishandisa lightweight cipher iyo encrypts iyo modhi yakachengetwa mu-off-chip memory. Ichi chinyoreso cipher chinongoda ma computations akareruka. Mukuwedzera, ivo vakangobvisa zvidimbu zvemuenzaniso zvakachengetwa pane chip kana zvichidiwa.
Chechitatu, kuti vavandudze kuchengeteka, vakagadzira kiyi inobvisa cipher zvakananga pane chip, pane kuifambisa ichidzoka nekudzoka nemuenzaniso. Ivo vakagadzira iyi yakasarudzika kiyi kubva kune yakasarudzika misiyano mu chip iyo inounzwa panguva yekugadzira, vachishandisa iyo inozivikanwa seyemuviri uncloble basa.
“Pamwe waya imwe ichati pfuurei zvishoma pane imwe. Tinogona kushandisa misiyano iyi kuwana mazero uye mamwe kunze kwedunhu. Kune chip yega yega, tinogona kuwana kiyi isina kurongeka iyo inofanirwa kuenderana nekuti izvi zvimiro zvisingaite hazvifanirwe kushanduka zvakanyanya nekufamba kwenguva, ”Ashok anotsanangura.
Vakashandisazve masero ekurangarira pachip, vachisimudzira kusakwana mumaseru aya kugadzira kiyi. Izvi zvinoda kushoma komputa pane kugadzira kiyi kubva kutanga.
“Sezvo chengetedzo yave nyaya yakakomba mukugadzirwa kwemidziyo yemupendero, panofanirwa kugadziridzwa yakazara system stack inotarisa kushanda kwakachengeteka. Iri basa rinotarisa kuchengetedzeka kwemashini-yekudzidza mabasa uye rinotsanangura dhijitari processor inoshandisa muchinjika-kucheka optimization. Iyo inosanganisira encrypted data yekuwana pakati pekuyeuka uye processor, nzira dzekudzivirira kudivi-chiteshi kurwiswa uchishandisa randomisation, uye kushandisa kusiyanisa kugadzira akasiyana makodhi. Magadzirirwo akadai achave akakosha mune ramangwana nharembozha, "anodaro Chandrakasan.
Kuedza kuchengetedza
Kuti vaedze chip yavo, vaongorori vakatora chinzvimbo chevabiki uye vakaedza kuba ruzivo rwakavanzika vachishandisa parutivi-chiteshi uye bhazi-kuongorora kurwisa.
Kunyangwe mushure mekuita mamirioni ekuedza, havana kukwanisa kuvakazve chero ruzivo chairwo kana kubvisa zvidimbu zvemuenzaniso kana dataset. Cipher yakarambawo isingadariki. Kusiyana neizvi, zvakatora chete zviuru zvishanu zvemasampuli kuba ruzivo kubva kune isina kudzivirirwa chip.
Kuwedzerwa kwekuchengetedza kwakaderedza kushanda kwesimba kweiyo accelerator, uye yaidawo nzvimbo yakakura yechip, iyo yaizoita kuti iwedzere kudhura kugadzira.
Chikwata chiri kuronga kuongorora nzira dzinogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba uye saizi yechip yavo mune ramangwana, izvo zvaizoita kuti zvive nyore kuita pachiyero.
“Sezvo zvinodhura zvakanyanya, zvinova zvakaoma kupwisa mumwe munhu kuti kuchengeteka kwakakosha. Basa remangwana rinogona kuongorora kutengeserana uku. Pamwe tingaite kuti isachengeteke zvishoma asi nyore kuita uye isingadhure,” anodaro Ashok.
Yakanyorwa naAdam Zewe
