Waxaan ku soo bandhigeynaa ereyga pyrolysis iyo sida uu nidaamku u saameeya caafimaadka iyo dabeecadda aadanaha.
Tire pyrolysis waa nidaam adeegsada heerkul sare iyo maqnaanshaha ogsijiinta si ay u burburiso taayirrada kaarboon, dareere iyo alaab gaas ah. Habkan waxaa badanaa lagu fuliyaa qalabyo gaar ah oo loo yaqaan dhirta pyrolysis.
Fikradda aasaasiga ah ee pyrolysis ee taayirrada waa in loo beddelo walxaha caagga ah alaab qiimo leh, sida kaarboon, shidaal dareere ah (saliid pyrolytic) iyo gaas.
Xaaladna maahan in warshad pyrolysis ah laga furo gudaha xadka magaalada. Geedka pyrolysis ee taayirka ah ayaa hubaal ah inuu waxyeelo u geysan doono caafimaadka dadka. Khatartu ma yara, wax kasta oo khatar ku ah caafimaadka dadka ku nool magaalada waa qamaar aynaan qaadan. Khatartu waxay ka timaaddaa qiiqa ka imanaya rakibidda, khataraha ugu weynina waa laba - caafimaadka dadka iyo deegaanka.
WAXYAABAHA DHIBAATADA AH INTA GUUD EE TAAYADA
Aan aragno waxay yihiin iyo sida ay u saameeyaan.
Walxaha gaasta ah ee laga sii daayo dhirta pyrolysis ee taayirka ah waa:
CH₄ – Methane
C₂H₄ - Ethylene
• C₂H₆ - Ethane
C₃H₈ - Propane
• CO – Kaarboon moono-oksaydh (Kaarbon Monoxide)
• CO₂ – Kaarboon dioxide (Kaarbon Dioxide)
H₂S – Hydrogen Sulfide
Xigasho - https://www.wastetireoil.com/Pyrolysis_faq/Pyrolysis_Plant/can_the_exhaust_gas_from_waste_tire_pyrolysis_plant_be_recycled_1555.html#
Walxaha 1-4 ayaa lagu soo celiyaa si ay ugu gubaan reactor-ka, taas oo kicinaysa habka pyrolysis.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, H₂S, CO, iyo CO₂ - hydrogen sulfide, carbon monoxide, iyo carbon dioxide ma guban waxaana lagu sii daayaa jawiga.
SAAMAYNTA DHIBAATOOYINKA WAXYAABAHA AH EE AADANAHA
Waa kuwan sida ay u saameeyaan:
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
Kaliya 1% baaruudda taayirka ayaa laga helaa dareeraha pyrolysis, inta soo hartay waxaa lagu sii daayaa jawiga sida hydrogen sulfide.
Xigasho - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165237000000917
Hydrogen sulfide waa mid ka mid ah gaasaska sida aadka ah loo yaqaan ee sumeeya caafimaadka aadanaha. Waa gaas aad u degdeg badan, aad u sun ah, aan midab lahayn oo leh urta ukunta qudhuntay. Heerarka hoose, hydrogen sulfide wuxuu keenaa isha, sanka, iyo cunaha cunaha. Heerarka dhexdhexaadka ah waxay keeni karaan madax-xanuun, dawakhaad, lalabo iyo matag, iyo sidoo kale qufac iyo neefsashada oo ku adkaata. Heerarka sare waxay keeni karaan shoog, gariir, koomo iyo dhimasho. Guud ahaan, mar kasta oo soo-gaadhisuhu bataan, waa ka sii daran yihiin calaamadaha.
Source – https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/MMG/MMGDetails.aspx?mmgid=385&toxid=67#:~:text=At%20low%20levels%2C%20hydrogen%20sulfide,convulsions%2C%20coma%2C %20and%20death.
Sidoo kale, marka laga soo tago caafimaadka aadanaha, waxay sidoo kale saameyneysaa deegaanka. Hydrogen sulfide, oo gelaysa jawiga, si dhakhso ah ayey isu beddeshaa sulfuric acid (H2SO4), taas oo sababta roobka aashitada.
Xigasho- http://www.met.reading.ac.uk/~qq002439/aferraro_sulphcycle.pdf
Baahnayn in la sheego, waa in aynaan qaadin wax tallaabo ah oo sinaba u kordhinaya heerarka gaaska sunta ah ee u dhow meesha aan ku noolnahay.
Kaarboon Mono ogsaydhka (CO)
Kaarboon monoksaydh waa gaas kale oo sun ah oo aynaan sidoo kale gabi ahaanba ka doonayn guryaheena.
Waxay ku saamaysaa caafimaadka fal-celinta haemoglobin ee dhiigga. Hemoglobin waa unug siiya unugyada ogsijiinta. Xidhiidhka hemoglobin wuxuu ka badan yahay 200 oo jeer CO marka loo eego ogsijiinta, sidaa darteed waxay ku beddeshaa oksijiinta dhiigga mar horeba heer hoose, taasoo si wax ku ool ah u horseedaysa neefta heerka gacanta.
Saamaynta caafimaadka bini'aadmiga waa kala duwan tahay. Marka la soo bandhigo aadka u sarreeya, gaaskani wuxuu keeni karaa istaroog, miyir beelid iyo dhimashada qaybo ka mid ah maskaxda iyo qofka laftiisa. Soo bandhigida hoose, waxaa jira saameyno dabeecadeed oo fudud, tusaale ahaan waxbarashada daciifka ah, feejignaanta oo yaraatay, hawlgabka hawlaha adag, kordhinta wakhtiga falcelinta. Calaamadahani waxay sidoo kale ku dhacaan heerar ka mid ah jawi magaalo oo caadi ah oo u dhow isgoysyada mashquulka ah. Saamaynta qaarkood ee habka wadnaha iyo xididada ayaa sidoo kale la arkay.
Kaarboon Dioxide (CO2)
Kaarboon laba ogsaydh, ka sokow inuu yahay gaaska aqalka dhirta lagu koriyo, waa gaas kale oo sidoo kale leh khataro caafimaad oo badan oo xaddi sare leh.
Xigasho - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-019-0323-1
biraha culus
Pyrolysis heerkulka ka sarreeya 700 °C wuxuu ka beddelaa biraha culus sida Pb iyo Cd (lead iyo cadmium) dareere una beddela xaalad gaas ah.
Source – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7831513/#:~:text=It%20is%20known%20that%20Cd,heavy%20metals%20Cd%20and%20Pb.
Waxyeelada ay u geystaan jidhka bini'aadamka si weyn ayaa loo diiwaangeliyay sanado badan waana cadahay sayniska.
Lead
Sunta rasaasta waxay u keeni kartaa dhibaato xagga taranka ragga iyo dumarka, dhiig karka, kelyaha xanuunada, dhibaatooyinka dheefshiidka, khalkhal dhanka neerfaha ah, dhibaatooyinka xusuusta iyo feejignaanta, hoos u dhaca guud ee IQ, iyo xanuunka murqaha iyo kala goysyada. Waxa kale oo jira caddayn ah in soo-gaadhista rasaastu ay u horseedi karto kansar dadka waaweyn.
Source – https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/lead-and-health#:~:text=Lead%20poisoning%20can%20cause%20reproductive,result%20in%20cancer%20in%20adults.
Cadmium
Cadmium waxay sababtaa dhimista macdanta iyo daciifinta lafaha, waxay yaraynaysaa shaqada sambabada waxayna sababi kartaa kansarka sanbabada.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19106447/#:~:text=Cd%20can%20also%20cause%20bone,the%20risk%20of%20lung%20cancer.
Lixda ugu daran ee wasakhowga deegaanka ah, pyrolysis ee taayirka ayaa soo saara 4 ka mid ah. Waxay kala yihiin sunta rasaasta, kaarboon moono-ogsaydh, qaybo boodh ah, iyo hydrogen sulfide. Kaliya ozone iyo nitrogen dioxide lama soo saarin.
Xigasho - https://www.in.gov/idem/files/factsheet_oaq_criteria_pb.pdf
GABAGABADA
Pyrolysis waa hannaan khatar ah oo aan loo oggolaan meel u dhow meelaha la deggan yahay. Maqaallo badan ayaa laga heli karaa internetka oo tilmaamaya habkan mid 'aan waxyeello lahayn oo deegaanka u wanaagsan', laakiin dhammaantood waxaa qoray shirkadaha iibiya qalabka laftooda. Waxa kale oo lagu tilmaamaa inay tahay ikhtiyaarka ugu fiican, halkii lagu gubi lahaa taayirada bannaanka. Tani waa isbarbardhig aan macquul ahayn, maadaama ay jiraan siyaabo badan oo waara oo dib loogu isticmaalo taayirada. Tusaale ahaan, iyaga oo la gooyo oo loo isticmaalo sida dusha sare ee deegaanka magaalada (Garoomada lagu ciyaaro, jardiinooyinka, iwm.), iyo sidoo kale waxaa lagu dari karaa asphalt.
Pyrolysis waxay si cad u soo saartaa qiiqa u horseeda waxyeello caafimaadka dadka iyo deegaanka. Si kasta oo ay saameynteeda loo yareeyo, si kastaba ha ahaatee waa in aan la oggolaan in lagu sameeyo meel u dhow meelaha la deggan yahay, iska daa in la dhigo bartamaha magaalada, iyada oo la raacayo qaabka wadamada sida aadka ah u wasakhaysan sida Hindiya iyo Pakistan.
