EU e tlisa li-crypto-assets, li-crypto-assets le bafani ba litšebeletso tsa li-crypto-asset tlas'a moralo oa taolo ka lekhetlo la pele.
Mopresidente oa Lekhotla le Paramente ea Europe ba fihletse tumellano ea nakoana mabapi le limmaraka tsa li-crypto-assets (MiCA) tlhahiso e koahelang bafani ba li-crypto-assets tse sa tšehetsoeng, le seo ho thoeng ke "stablecoins", hammoho le libaka tsa khoebo le li-wallet moo li-crypto-assets li tšoaroang teng. Moralo ona oa taolo o tla sireletsa bo-ramatsete le ho boloka botsitso ba lichelete, ha o ntse o lumella mekhoa e mecha le ho khothalletsa ho khahleha ha lefapha la li-crypto-asset. Sena se tla tlisa ho hlaka haholoanyane ho European Union, kaha linaha tse ling tsa litho li se li ntse li e-na le molao oa naha bakeng sa li-crypto-assets, empa ho fihlela joale ho ne ho se na moralo o itseng oa taolo boemong ba EU.
Lintlafatso tsa morao-rao mabapi le lekala lena le ntseng le fetoha ka potlako li netefalitse tlhoko e potlakileng ea taolo ea EU ka bophara. MiCA e tla sireletsa hamolemo batho ba Europe ba tseteletseng matlotlo ana, 'me ba thibele tšebeliso e mpe ea thepa ea li-crypto, ha ba ntse ba e-na le mekhoa e metle ea ho boloka botle ba EU. Taolo ena ea bohlokoa e tla felisa li-crypto wild west mme e tiisa karolo ea EU e le setter-standard bakeng sa lihlooho tsa digital.
– Bruno Le Maire, Letona la Fora bakeng sa Moruo, Lichelete le Liindasteri le Puso ea Digital
Ho laola likotsi tse amanang le li-crypto-assets
MiCA e tla sireletsa bareki khahlanong le tse ling tsa likotsi tse amanang le matsete a li-crypto-assets, le ho ba thusa ho qoba merero ea bolotsana. Hona joale, bareki ba na le litokelo tse fokolang haholo tsa tšireletso kapa tokiso, haholo-holo haeba litšebelisano li etsahala ka ntle ho EU. Ka melao e mecha, bafani ba litšebeletso tsa li-crypto-asset ba tla tlameha ho hlompha litlhoko tse matla tsa ho sireletsa lichelete tsa bareki le ho ba le boikarabelo haeba ba lahleheloa ke li-crypto-assets tsa batseteli. MiCA e tla fana ka mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa tlhekefetso ea 'maraka e amanang le mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa thekiso kapa litšebeletso, haholo-holo bakeng sa thetso ea 'maraka le ho sebetsana le batho ba ka hare.
Batšoantšisi ba marakeng a li-crypto-assets ba tla hlokoa ho phatlalatsa tlhahisoleseding mabapi le tikoloho ea bona le boemo ba leholimo footprint. European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) e tla nts'etsapele litekanyetso tsa tekheniki tsa taolo mabapi le litaba, mekhoa le tlhahiso ea tlhaiso-leseling e amanang le phello e mpe ea tikoloho le boemo ba leholimo. Nakong ea lilemo tse peli, Komisi ea Europe e tla tlameha ho fana ka tlaleho mabapi le phello ea tikoloho ea li-crypto-assets le ho hlahisoa ha litekanyetso tse tlamang tsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso bakeng sa mekhoa ea tumellano, ho kenyelletsa le bopaki ba mosebetsi.
Ho qoba ho fetellana ka melao e nchafalitsoeng ka anti-chelete laundering (AML), eo hona joale e tla boela e koahele li-crypto-assets, MiCA ha e kopitse litokisetso tse khahlanong le tšebeliso ea chelete joalokaha ho boletsoe ho melao e sa tsoa nchafatsoa ea phetisetso ea lichelete e lumellaneng ka 29 June. Leha ho le joalo, MiCA e hloka hore European Banking Authority (EBA) e fuoe mosebetsi ho boloka ngoliso ea sechaba ea bafani ba litšebeletso tsa li-crypto-asset tse sa lumellaneng. Bafani ba litšebeletso tsa lichelete tsa Crypto-asset, bao k'hamphani ea bona ea motsoali e leng linaheng tse thathamisitsoeng lethathamong la EU la linaha tsa boraro tse nkoang li le kotsing e kholo bakeng sa mesebetsi e khahlanong le chelete, hammoho le lethathamong la EU la mebuso e seng ea tšebelisano-'moho bakeng sa merero ea lekhetho, e tla ba. e hlokehang ho kenya tšebetsong licheke tse ntlafalitsoeng ho latela moralo oa EU AML. Litlhoko tse thata li ka boela tsa sebelisoa ho beng ba liabo le ho botsamaisi ba CASPs), haholo-holo mabapi le ho aha libaka tsa bona.
Moralo o matla o sebetsang ho seo ho thoeng ke "stablecoins" ho sireletsa bareki
Liketsahalo tsa morao tjena ka seo ho thoeng ke “stablecoins” limmaraka e bontšitse hape likotsi tse bakoang ke beng ba tsona ha ho se na taolo, hammoho le liphello tseo e nang le tsona ho li-crypto-assets tse ling.
Ha e le hantle, MiCA e tla sireletsa bareki ka ho kopa bafani ba li-stablecoins ho haha mokelikeli o lekaneng oa metsi, ka karolelano ea 1/1 mme karolo e 'ngoe e le ka mokhoa oa li-deposit. Motho e mong le e mong ea bitsoang "stablecoin" o tla fuoa tleleime ka nako efe kapa efe ntle le tefo ke mofani., 'me melao e laolang ts'ebetso ea sebaka sa polokelo e tla boela e fane ka bonyane bo lekaneng ba mokelikeli. Ho feta moo, tsohle tseo ho thoeng ke "stablecoins" li tla laoloa ke European Banking Authority (EBA), 'me boteng ba mofani oa EU e le eona ntho ea pele bakeng sa tlhahiso leha e le efe.
Nts'etsopele ea li-tokens tse amanang le thepa (ARTs) e thehiloeng ho chelete e seng ea Europe, e le mokhoa o sebelisoang haholo oa ho lefa, o tla qobelloa ho boloka bobusi ba rona ba lichelete. Ba fanang ka li-ART ba tla ho hloka ho ba le ofisi e ngolisitsoeng ho EU ho etsa bonnete ba hore ho na le tsamaiso e nepahetseng le ho beha leihlo lits'ebeletso ho sechaba ka li-tokens tse bonts'itsoeng ka thepa.
Moralo ona o tla fana ka bonnete ba molao bo lebelletsoeng le ho lumella boqapi ho atleha European Union.
Melao e pharaletseng ea EU bakeng sa bafani ba litšebeletso tsa li-crypto-asset le thepa e fapaneng ea crypto
Tlas'a tumellano ea nakoana e fihletsoeng kajeno, bafani ba litšebeletso tsa li-crypto-asset (CASPs) e tla hloka tumello e le hore e sebetse ka hare ho EU. Balaoli ba naha ba tla koptjoa ho fana ka tumello nakong ea likhoeli tse tharo. Mabapi le li-CASP tse kholo ka ho fetisisa, balaoli ba naha ba tla fetisetsa tlhahisoleseding e nepahetseng khafetsa ho European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA).
Li-tokens tse se nang fungible (NFTs), ke hore, thepa ea digital e emelang lintho tsa sebele tse kang bonono, 'mino le livideo, li tla be li qheletsoe ka thoko ntle le haeba li oela tlas'a mekhahlelo e teng ea li-crypto-asset. Nakong ea likhoeli tse 18, Khomishene ea Europe e tla fuoa mosebetsi oa ho lokisa tlhahlobo e felletseng, 'me, haeba ho bonahala ho hlokahala, ho etsoe tlhahiso ea molao e tobileng, e leka-lekaneng le e tšekaletseng ho theha puso bakeng sa li-NFT le ho sebetsana le likotsi tse hlahang tsa 'maraka o mocha.
Mehato e latelang
Tumellano ea nakoana e tlas'a tumello ea Lekhotla le Paramente ea Europe pele e feta ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng oa ho adoptha.
Background
Khomishene ea Europe e ile ea tla ka tlhahiso ea MiCA ka 24 September 2020. Ke karolo ea sephutheloana se seholo sa lichelete tsa digital, se ikemiselitseng ho hlahisa mokhoa oa Europe o khothalletsang tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji le ho netefatsa botsitso ba lichelete le tšireletso ea bareki. Ntle le tlhahiso ea MiCA, sephutheloana sena se na le leano la lichelete tsa dijithale, Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA) - e tla koahela le li-CASPs - le tlhahiso mabapi le puso ea teko ea thekenoloji ea ledger (DLT) bakeng sa tšebeliso e ngata.
Sephutheloana sena se koala lekhalo molaong o teng oa EU ka ho etsa bonnete ba hore moralo oa hajoale oa molao ha o behe litšitiso ts'ebelisong ea lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa lichelete tsa dijithale, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang, o netefatsa hore mahlale a macha le lihlahisoa li oela ka har'a maemo a taolo ea lichelete. litokisetso tsa tsamaiso ea likotsi tsa lifeme tse sebetsang ho EU. Kahoo, sephutheloana sena se ikemiselitse ho ts'ehetsa boqapi le ts'ebeliso ea mahlale a macha a lichelete ha se ntse se fana ka boemo bo nepahetseng ba ts'ireletso ea bareki le batseteli.
Lekgotla le amohetse taelo ya lona ya ditherisano mabapi le MiCA ka la 24 Pudungwana 2021. Dipuisano tse tharo pakeng tsa boramolao mmoho di ile tsa qala ka la 31 Hlakubele 2022 mme tsa fella ka tumellano ya nakwana e fihlelletsweng kajeno.
