Litsebi tsa baeloji ea thuto ea ho iphetola ha lintho li tlaleha hore li kopantse PET scans ea maeba a kajeno hammoho le liphuputso tsa mesaletsa ea li-dinosaur ho thusa ho araba potso e tšoarellang ea thuto ea baeloji: Boko ba linonyana bo bile teng joang e le hore li khone ho fofa?
Nonyana - setšoantšo sa setšoantšo. Mokoloto oa setšoantšo: Pixabay (laesense ea mahala ea Pixabay)
Karabo e bonahala e le keketseho e feto-fetohang ea boholo ba cerebellum liphoofolong tse ling tsa mesaletsa ea masapo. Cerebellum ke sebaka se ka morao ho boko ba nonyana se ikarabellang bakeng sa ho tsamaea le ho laola koloi.
Liphetho tsa lipatlisiso li phatlalalitsoe koranteng Proceedings ea Royal Society B.
"Re fumane hore ha linonyana li tloha phomolong ho ea ho sefofane, lipotoloho tsa cerebellum li sebetsa ho feta karolong efe kapa efe ea boko," ho boletse sengoli-'moho le eena. Paul Gignac, motlatsi oa moprofesa Univesithing ea Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson, ho ithuta neuroanatomy le ho iphetola ha lintho. Hape ke setho sa lipatlisiso bakeng sa Musiamo oa Amerika oa Histori ea Tlhaho.
"Ka mor'a moo re ile ra sheba lehata le tsamaellanang le sebaka sena ka mesaletsa ea li-dinosaur le linonyana ho fumana hore na cerebellum e hola neng," ho boletse Gignac. "Ho hōla ha pele ho ile ha etsahala pele li-dinosaurs li fofa, e leng se bontšang hore ho fofa ha linonyana ho sebelisa mekhoa ea khale le e bolokehileng hantle ea methapo ea kutlo, empa ka lebelo le phahameng ka ho khethehileng."
Ke khale bo-rasaense ba nahana hore cerebellum e lokela ho ba ea bohlokoa ho fofa ha linonyana, empa e ne e se na bopaki bo tobileng. Ho hlakisa bohlokoa ba eona, lipatlisiso tse ncha li kopantseng data ea sejoale-joale ea PET ea litšoantšo tsa maeba a tloaelehileng le rekoto ea mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale, ho hlahloba libaka tsa boko ba linonyana nakong ea ho fofa le li-braincase tsa li-dinosaurs tsa khale. Litlhahlobo tsa PET li bontša kamoo litho tsa 'mele le lisele li sebetsang kateng.
"Ho fofa ho matla har'a liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo ke ketsahalo e sa tloaelehang historing ea ho iphetola ha lintho," ho boletse sengoli se etelletseng pele Amy Balanoff, oa Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Ha e le hantle, lihlopha tse tharo feela tsa liphoofolo tse nang le lesapo la mokokotlo, kapa liphoofolo tse nang le mokokotlo, li ile tsa iphetola ho fofa: li-pterosaurs tse timetseng - tšabo ea leholimo nakong ea Mesozoic, e ileng ea fela lilemong tse fetang limilione tse 65 tse fetileng - bo-'mankhane le linonyana, ho boletse Balanoff. Lihlopha tse tharo tse fofang ha li amane haufi-ufi sefateng sa ho iphetola ha lintho, 'me lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse nolofalitseng ho fofa ka boraro ba tsona li ntse li sa hlaka.
Ntle le ho ikamahanya le maemo a ka ntle bakeng sa ho fofa, joalo ka maoto a malelele a ka holimo, mefuta e itseng ea masiba, 'mele o bonolo le likarolo tse ling, sehlopha se ile sa etsa lipatlisiso ho fumana likarolo tse thehileng boko bo loketseng ho fofa.
E le ho etsa joalo, sehlopha se ne se kenyelletsa baenjiniere ba likokoana-hloko Univesithing ea Stony Brook e New York ho bapisa mosebetsi oa boko ba maeba a morao-rao pele le ka mor'a sefofane.
Bafuputsi ba ile ba etsa lipatlisiso tsa PET ho bapisa ts'ebetso libakeng tse 26 tsa boko ha nonyana e phomotse 'me hang ka mor'a hore e fofa metsotso ea 10 ho tloha sebakeng se seng ho ea ho se seng. Ba ile ba hlahloba linonyana tse robeli ka matsatsi a fapaneng. Litlhahlobo tsa PET li sebelisa motsoako o tšoanang le tsoekere e ka latelloang moo e monngoang haholo ke lisele tsa boko, e leng se bontšang tšebeliso e eketsehileng ea matla le ho sebetsa. Tracker e theola seriti ebe e tsoa 'meleng nakong ea letsatsi kapa a mabeli.
Har'a libaka tse 26, sebaka se le seng - cerebellum - se bile le keketseho e kholo ea lipalo lipakeng tsa ho phomola le ho fofa ho linonyana tse robeli. Ka kakaretso, boemo ba ts'ebetso ea ho eketseha ha cerebellum bo ne bo fapane haholo, ha bo bapisoa le libaka tse ling tsa boko.
Bafuputsi ba boetse ba fumane ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea boko ho seo ho thoeng ke optic flow pathways, marang-rang a lisele tsa boko tse kopanyang retina ka leihlong le cerebellum. Litsela tsena li sebetsa ho pholletsa le sebaka sa pono.
Balanoff o re seo sehlopha se se fumaneng mabapi le keketseho ea ts'ebetso ea cerebellum le optic flow pathways ha se taba e makatsang, kaha libaka li nahanoa hore li na le karolo ea ho fofa.
Se neng se le secha liphuputsong tsa bona e ne e le ho hokahanya liphuputso tsa cerebellum tsa boko bo khonang ho fofa linonyana tsa morao-rao ho tlaleho ea mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale e bontšang kamoo boko ba li-dinosaur tse kang linonyana bo qalileng ho hlahisa maemo a boko bakeng sa ho fofa ka matla.
Ho etsa joalo, sehlopha se ile sa sebelisa pokello ea li-endocast, kapa liforomo tsa sebaka se ka hare sa mahata a dinosaur, ao ha a tlatsitsoe a tšoanang le boko.
Ka mor'a moo ba ile ba lemoha le ho lekola keketseho e kholo ea molumo oa cerebellum ho mefuta e meng ea pele ea li-maniptoran dinosaurs, tse etelletseng pele ponahalo ea pele ea ho fofa ho matla har'a beng ka linonyana tsa khale, ho kenyeletsoa. Archeopteryx, dinosaur e nang le mapheo.
Bafuputsi ba etelletsoeng pele ke Balanoff le bona ba fumane bopaki ho li-endocasts tsa keketseho ea ho phutha ha lisele ka har'a cerebellum ea li-maniraptorans tsa pele, e leng sesupo sa ho rarahana ha boko bo ntseng bo eketseha.
Bafuputsi ba hlokomelisitse hore tsena ke liphuputso tsa pele, 'me liphetoho tsa tšebetso ea boko nakong ea sefofane se tsamaeang ka matla le tsona li ka etsahala nakong ea boits'oaro bo bong, joalo ka ho fofa. Ba boetse ba hlokomela hore liteko tsa bona li ne li kenyelletsa ho fofa ho otlolohile, ntle le litšitiso le ka tsela e bonolo ea sefofane, le libaka tse ling tsa boko li ka 'na tsa sebetsa haholoanyane nakong ea mekhoa e rarahaneng ea lifofane.
Sehlopha sa lipatlisiso se rera haufi le ho supa libaka tse nepahetseng ka har'a cerebellum tse nolofalletsang boko bo itokiselitseng ho fofa le likhokahano tsa methapo lipakeng tsa meaho ena.
Likhopolo tsa mahlale tsa hore na ke hobaneng ha boko bo ntse bo hola ho pholletsa le nalane ea ho iphetola ha lintho li kenyelletsa tlhoko ea ho haola le libaka tse ncha le tse fapaneng, ho beha sethala sa ho fofa le mekhoa e meng ea literene, ho boletse sengoli-'moho Gabriel Bever oa Sekolo sa Bongaka sa Univesithi ea Johns Hopkins.
Bangoli ba bang ba boithuto ba kenyelletsa Elizabeth Ferrer oa American Museum of Natural History le Univesithi ea Samuel Merritt; Lemise Saleh le Paul Vaska ba Univesithi ea Stony Brook; M. Eugenia Khauta oa Musiamo oa Amerika oa Histori ea Tlhaho le Univesithi ea Suffolk; Jesus Marugán-Loboón ea Univesithi ea Autonomous ea Madrid; Mark Norell oa Musiamo oa Amerika oa Histori ea Tlhaho; David Ouellette oa Weill Cornell Medical College; Michael Salerno oa Univesithi ea Pennsylvania; Akinobu Watanabe oa American Museum of Natural History, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine le Natural History Museum ea London; le Shouyi Wei oa New York Proton Center.
Patlisiso ena e tšehelitsoe ka lichelete ke National Science Foundation.
Source: University of Arizona
