Nthawi zambiri, amayi olumala ndi osawoneka komanso oponderezedwa pakati pa anthu, kuphatikizapo omwe amalimbikitsa ufulu wa anthu olumala, ndi omwe amalimbikitsa kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi ndi chitukuko cha amayi, Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe, Ms Dunja Mijatović, adanena. mu adilesi ya Lachinayi.
Kupatula amayi olumala m'malo opangira zisankho kwachititsa kuti anthu azivutika kwa nthawi yayitali. Mayi Dunja Mijatović, anawonjezera. Zimabisa zomwe zimayambitsa tsankho zomwe amakumana nazo, zimalola kupitirizabe malingaliro oipa, onse okhudza jenda ndi kulemala, ndipo zimayambitsa kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu kosawerengeka.
Nkhanza kwa amayi ndi atsikana olumala
Kuwonjezeka kwa chiopsezo cha nkhanza za kugonana ndi kuzunzidwa ndi chimodzi chokha chomwe chimalepheretsa amayi ndi atsikana olumala kuti azisangalala ndi ufulu wambiri waumunthu mofanana ndi ena. Kwa nthawi yaitali, akazi olumala, omwe pafupifupi mmodzi mwa akazi asanu alionse padziko lapansi, anakhalabe osaoneka, chifukwa cha jenda ndi kulumala kwawo.
Kusawoneka kumeneku kumafotokoza umboni wowerengera kuti iwo ali osowa poyerekeza ndi amayi onse opanda chilema ndi amuna olumala. Zachisoni, kutetezedwa kwa ufulu wawo wachibadwidwe sikukuperekedwa chisamaliro chofunikira kuchokera kwa onse opanga mfundo ndi mabungwe, atero a Dunja Mijatović. Malingaliro okhudza ufulu wa amayi nthawi zambiri saphatikizidwa m'malamulo okhudzana ndi olumala, pomwe malamulo olingana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi nthawi zambiri amalephera kuphatikizira za olumala.
Izi zikuvomerezedwa mu United Nations Pangano la Ufulu wa Anthu olumala (CRPD), yovomerezedwa ndi mayiko onse a m’bungwe la Council of Europe koma limodzi (Liechtenstein). Panganoli lapereka nkhani kwa amayi olumala (Ndime 6), yofotokoza udindo wa mayiko kuzindikira kuti amayi ndi atsikana olumala amasalidwa kangapo ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti athetse tsankholi, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti zonse zachitika. chitukuko, kupita patsogolo, ndi kulimbikitsa amayi.
mu ake ndemanga Pa Ndime 6, bungwe la mgwirizano wa CRPD likulongosola njira zambiri zomwe amayi olumala amalepheretsedwa kuti asangalale ndi ufulu wawo wachibadwidwe pansi pa zolemba zosiyanasiyana za UN Convention. Zambiri mwaziganizozi zimagwiranso ntchito ku maufulu omwe ali pansi pa Misonkhano Yachiyuda Yokhudza Ufulu wa Anthu.
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu ya nkhanza zochitiridwa nkhanza pakati pa amuna ndi akazi zomwe zimakhudza amayi ndi atsikana onse, nkhanza zomwe zimachitikira amayi ndi atsikana omwe ali ndi kulumala ndizo, mwa zina: kuchotsa zinthu zofunika kuti munthu azitha kukhala paokha, kulankhulana kapena kuyenda mozungulira. mwachitsanzo pochotsa kapena kuwongolera njira zolumikizirana zofunika kwambiri (monga zothandizira kumva) kapena kukana kuthandizira kulumikizana; kuchotsedwa kwa zida zofikira ndi mawonekedwe, monga zikuku kapena ma ramp; komanso kukana kwa osamalira kuthandizira pazochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku, monga kusamba, kuvala, kudya ndi kusamalira kusamba. Mitundu ina yankhanza yokhudzana ndi olumala ingaphatikizepo kuvulaza nyama zothandizira ndi kupezerera anzawo, kutukwana, komanso kunyozedwa chifukwa cha kulumala.
Amayi olumala amachitiridwanso nkhanza zogonana, kuphatikizapo nthawi zambiri m'mabungwe. Ms Dunja Mijatović adati: "Monga ndidawunikira nthawi zambiri, malo amasukulu ndizomwe zimayambira nkhanza ndi nkhanza, kuphatikiza nkhanza zogonana, chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kudzipatula, kusagwirizana ndi mphamvu komanso zosatheka kwa omwe akuzunzidwa kuti apeze thandizo lakunja, zomwe zonse zimachititsa kuti olakwa asamalangidwe.”
Ananenanso kuti: "Izi zimaphatikizapo ziwawa zomwe zimachitika pakati pa anthu, komanso nkhanza zomwe zimachitika m'masukulu ndi m'magulu. Nkhani zaumwini za amayi, mwachitsanzo ndi olumala, amene amakhala kapena kupulumuka akukhala m’mabungwe amavumbula njira zambiri zimene ziwawa ndi nkhanza zochitira nkhanzazi zingasinthidwe kukhala zachibadwa ndi kukhala zadongosolo.”
Thanzi la kugonana ndi ubereki ndi ufulu wa amayi ndi atsikana olumala
Nkhanza zamtundu wina zomwe zimachitikira amayi ndi atsikana olumala zimakhudza kulera mwadala, kulera ndi kuchotsa mimba, komanso njira zina zachipatala zomwe zimachitidwa popanda chilolezo chaulele ndi chidziwitso cha amayi omwe akukhudzidwa, ngakhale kuti izi ndizoletsedwa mwachindunji pansi pa Bungwe. European Convention on nkhanza kwa amayi ndi nkhanza zapakhomo (Istanbul
Convention) ndi CRPD.
Nkhaniyi ikugwirizana kwambiri ndi funso la mphamvu zamalamulo (Download), ufulu womwe uli mu Article 12 ya CRPD ndipo nthawi zambiri umakanidwa kwa amayi olumala kuposa amuna olumala, atero a Dunja Mijatović. Ananenanso kuti nthawi zambiri, ufulu wokhala ndi umphumphu wa amayi olumala, makamaka omwe ali ndi luntha laluntha komanso m'maganizo, umaphwanyidwa chifukwa chosintha zisankho, pomwe womuyang'anira kapena woweruza amapatsidwa mphamvu zopanga zisankho zosintha moyo, zomwe akuti. mu "zabwino" za mkazi komanso motsutsana ndi chifuniro chake ndi zomwe amakonda.
Zochita zotere ndizofala ku Europe monga zikuwonekera pazotsatira zingapo zomaliza za Komiti ya CRPD ndi malipoti a bungwe loyang'anira Msonkhano wa Istanbul (GREVIO), mwachitsanzo okhudza Belgium, France, Serbia ndi Spain.
Ndizodabwitsa kuti malamulo m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya amalola kulera mokakamiza, kulera ndi kuchotsa mimba, poganizira kuti machitidwewa amachokera ku malingaliro a eugenist okhudza kufunika kwa moyo wa anthu olumala kapena malingaliro omwe anthu olumala amatha kukhala amayi. , Ms Dunja Mijatović adatero.
Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti mayiko akubweretsabe malamulo otere, mwachitsanzo mu the Netherlands kumene lamulo lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 2020 limalola kukakamiza kulera, zomwe zimalimbikitsa tsankho komanso malingaliro otere.
Chifukwa chake adapempha mayiko onse kuti atsatire chitsanzo cha Spain, yomwe ikutsatira malingaliro a GREVIO ndi Komiti ya CRPD, ndipo pambuyo pa zokambirana zambiri, inathetsa kulera mokakamiza, ngakhale ndi chilolezo choyambirira cha woweruza, mu 2020.
Adanenanso kuti amaona kuti udindo wa mayiko omwe ali mamembala ake ndiwofunika kwambiri kuti asangalale Ufulu wa amayi ndi atsikana pakugonana ndi ubeleki.
Amayi olumala pazochitika zadzidzidzi ndi mikangano
Chinthu chinanso chodetsa nkhawa chomwe mwatsoka chafika povutirapo kwambiri ku Europe ndikuphatikizidwa kwa amayi olumala poyankha zadzidzidzi ndi mikangano.
Pamene nkhondo ku Ukraine ikupitirira ndipo ku Ulaya akuchitira umboni tsoka laumunthu, mayiko omwe ali mamembala ayenera kuchita zonse zomwe angathe kuti awonetsetse kuti chithandizo chothandizira anthu chimafikanso kwa amayi ndi atsikana olumala, omwe amakumana ndi zolepheretsa zina, kuphatikizapo zomwe zimakhudza kulankhulana ndi kuyenda, panthawi yomwe maukonde awo othandizira akusokonekera ndipo njira zopezera zomwe amadalira zikukhalapo. awonongedwa, atero a Dunja Mijatović.
Adapemphanso mayiko omwe akulandila amayi ndi atsikana olumala omwe adathawa ku Ukraine kuti azisamalira zosowa zawo ndikupewa kuzunzidwa, mwachitsanzo chifukwa cha malo olandirira alendo omwe sangafikire zomwe zitha kukulitsa chiwopsezo cha nkhanza ndi nkhanza.
Kutengapo mbali ndi kuphatikizidwa kwa amayi ndi atsikana olumala
Kusalidwa kwa amayi olumala ndi vuto lofala, lomwe silimangokhalira kuzinthu zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa.
Mkulu wa bungwe loona za ufulu wachibadwidwe (Commissioner on Human Rights) adati, monganso m’mbali zonse zokhudza olumala, njira yopitira patsogolo ikuyenera kukhudza kutengapo mbali ndi kutengapo mbali kwathunthu kwa amayi ndi atsikana olumala potsata ndondomeko ndi njira zopangira zisankho ndi malamulo okhudza amayi ndi anthu olumala, malinga ndi zomwe bungwe la Commissioner on Human Rights limapereka. ndi mfundo ya "Palibe za ife popanda ife". Mayiko omwe ali mamembala akuyenera kupita patsogolo kwambiri pankhaniyi ndikupitilira ma signature omwe samatsagana ndi bajeti ndikukonzekera kwanthawi yayitali.
Akuwonanso kuchotsedwa kwa mabungwe ndi kusintha kwa malamulo kuti athetse njira zonse zopangira zisankho zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera mkhalidwe wa amayi olumala komanso chifukwa chachikulu chowonera nkhaniyi ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.
Iye adatsimikiza kuti nthawi yakwana yoti tithetse vutoli ndi kudzipereka kotheratu kuti athetse kuchotsedwa kwa amayi ndi atsikana olumala. Chinthu choyamba panjira iyi chiyenera kukhala kuvomereza mphamvu zosagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kupirira kwa amayi ndi atsikana omwe ali ndi zilema, kuti iwo eni athe kutsogolera njira yopita patsogolo.
