The 18th European Congress of Psychology inasonkhana ku Brighton pakati pa 3 ndi 6 July 2023. Mutu wonse unali 'Kugwirizanitsa madera kuti dziko likhale lokhazikika'. Bungwe la British Psychological Society (BPS), kudzera mu Gulu lake la Challenging Histories Group, lidachita msonkhano wofufuza mbiri ya eugenics mu psychology, zakale ndi zamakono.
Symposium ku European Congress of Psychology
Nkhani yosiyiranayi inaphatikizapo nkhani yochokera kwa Pulofesa Marius Turda, wa pa yunivesite ya Oxford Brookes, yofotokoza za ubale umene ulipo pakati pa eugenics, psychology, ndi dehumanisation. Izi zinatsatiridwa ndi mapepala ena awiri, imodzi ya Nazlin Bhimani (UCL Institute of Education) yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri mbiri ya eugenic mu maphunziro a ku Britain, ndi ina, ndi Lisa Edwards, yemwe banja lake linakhalapo ndi zochitika zachipatala ku Britain. monga Rainhill Asylum.
"Aka ndi koyamba kuti msonkhano wokambirana za eugenics uchitike pamsonkhano wapadziko lonse wa psychology ndipo BPS Challenging Histories Group yathandizira kuti izi zitheke," Prof Marius Turda adauza. The European Times.
Exhibition on the Legacies of Eugenics
Nkhani yosiyiranayi inakomera mtima chionetserocho "Sitili Tokha" Zolemba za Eugenics. Chiwonetserocho chidakonzedwa ndi Prof Marius Turda.
The chionetsero inalongosola kuti “eugenics cholinga chake ndi ‘kuwongolera’ chibadwa cha ‘khalidwe’ la anthu mwa kuwongolera kubereketsa, ndipo, monyanyira, mwa kuchotseratu awo amene amalingalira kuti ndi otsikirapo.”
Eugenics idayamba ku Britain ndi United States m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi zisanu ndi zinayi, koma idakhala gulu lamphamvu padziko lonse lapansi pofika m'ma 1920. Eugenistists ankayang'ana anthu achipembedzo, mafuko, ndi kugonana, komanso omwe ali ndi zilema, zomwe zimachititsa kuti atsekedwe m'ndende komanso atsekedwe. Ku Germany ya Nazi, malingaliro a eugenic a kusintha kwa mafuko adathandizira mwachindunji kupha anthu ambiri ndi Holocaust.
Pulofesa Marius Turda anafotokoza kuti “Victorian polymath, Francis Galton, anali munthu woyamba kulimbikitsa malingaliro a eugenics mkati mwa psychology komanso kukhala munthu wamkulu pakukula kwa gawo ngati maphunziro asayansi. Chisonkhezero chake pa akatswiri a zamaganizo a ku America ndi ku Britain monga James McKeen Cattell, Lewis Terman, Granville Stanley Hall, William McDougall, Charles Spearman ndi Cyril Burt chinali chofunika kwambiri.
"Cholinga changa chinali kuyika cholowa cha Galton m'mbiri yake, ndikukambitsirana za momwe psychology ndi akatswiri amisala adathandizira pakuchepetsa umunthu wa anthu olumala. Njira yanga inali yolimbikitsa akatswiri amisala kuti avomereze tsankho ndi nkhanza zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa ndi a eugenics, makamaka chifukwa kukumbukira za nkhanzazi kuli zamoyo masiku ano, "Prof Marius Turda adauza. The European Times.
Eugenics ndi Psychology
Kuyang'ana pa zolowa za eugenics ku European Congress of Psychology kunali pa nthawi yake komanso kulandiridwa. Ndizofunikira ngakhale pang'ono poganizira kuti maphunziro asayansi monga psychology anali maziko ofunikira omwe mikangano yotere idafalikira ndikuvomerezedwa. Komabe, kwa zaka zambiri anthu anali asanakumanepo ndi zimenezi kapenanso kuganiziridwa. Mbiri yavuto ya eugenics komanso kukhalapo kwake m'chinenero chamasiku ano ndipo nthawi zina, machitidwe amawonekera m'makangano okhudza kubadwa, kusankha anthu, ndi luntha.
Ukatswiri wa sayansi woperekedwa ndi akatswiri a zamaganizo unagwiritsidwa ntchito kusala, kupeputsa ndipo potsirizira pake kunyoza anthu omwe miyoyo yawo ankalamulira ndi kuyang'anira. Anthu awa omwe amawonedwa ngati akuyimira osiyana, komanso ocheperapo, umunthu adayenera kukhazikitsidwa mu 'masukulu apadera' ndi 'makoloni' ndikupatsidwa maphunziro apadera.
Moyenera tsopano tiyenera kupanga nsanja yokhazikika yowunikira komanso kukambirana mokhazikika pakati pa akatswiri azamisala, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kudzilanga komweko, pulofesa Marius Turda adawonetsa.
Pomwe gulu la asayansi lidawonanso kuyambiranso kofunikira kwa mawu omveka bwino mu 2020, kutsatira kuphedwa kwa George Floyd kenako ndikuyamba kwa mliri wa Covid-19, zikuwonekeratu kuti tiyenera kupanga njira zatsopano zoganizira komanso kuchita zama psychology, ngati tikufuna kukumana ndi zovuta zomwe timakumana nazo, payekhapayekha komanso gulu limodzi komanso dziko lonse lapansi komanso padziko lonse lapansi.
Woyang'anira Archives wa British Psychological Society (BPS), a Sophie O'Reilly adauza kuti "Ndife okondwa kupereka nkhani yosiyiranayi ku European Congress of Psychology pamutu womwe udakali ndi zovuta zambiri masiku ano. Komanso kufotokoza mbiri ya ubale wapakati pa psychology ndi eugenics, nkhani ya zomwe banja lidakumana nazo pazaka zopitilira XNUMX zakukhazikitsidwa ndi kusalidwa ikhala yofunika kwambiri kuwunikira zotulukapo izi. "
Dr Roz Collings, Wapampando wa British Psychological Society's Ethics Committee anatero.
Dr Roz Collings adanenanso kuti, "Nkhaniyi yopatsa chidwi komanso yolimbikitsayi idalola anthu kuwona ndikuyamba kufunsa mafunso. Pankhani yosiyiranayi panapezekanso makambitsirano abwino ndi mafunso osonyeza chidwi chofuna kudziwa zinthu cha akatswiri a zamaganizo padziko lonse lapansi.”
Ananenanso kuti: "Ndikofunikira kusinkhasinkha, m'malo moyiwala, ndikupitilizabe kupita patsogolo mu psychology kuti mutsutse tsogolo lililonse lovuta lomwe lingachitike. Nkhani yosiyiranayi inapatsa mwayi anthu ambiri kuchita zimenezo.”
Winanso wopezekapo, pulofesa John Oates, Wapampando wa Bungwe la British Psychological Society's Media Ethics Advisory Group, komanso membala wa BPS Ethics Committee, anafotokoza kuti: 'Monga gawo la ntchito yathu yofufuza zovuta za ntchito ya akatswiri a maganizo akale, British Psychological Society Challenging. Histories Group inali yokondwa kuti yatha kugwirira ntchito limodzi ndi Prof Turda kukonza nkhani yosiyiranayi. "
Pulofesa John Oates anawonjezera kuti, "Zinali zokondweretsa osati kokha kukhala ndi omvera ambiri, komanso kukhala ndi omvera omwe amachita nawo maulaliki athu ndi kuyitana kwathu kuchitapo kanthu. Chiyembekezo chathu nchakuti tayamba kukambirana komwe kufalikira ndikuthandizira kuthana ndi cholowa chosatha cha malingaliro a eugenic omwe amakhudzabe nkhani zapagulu ndi zachinsinsi. ”
Kuteteza ufulu wa anthu
Tony Wainwright, katswiri wa zamaganizo komanso membala wa BPS Climate Environment Action Coordinating Group, anafotokoza motere: “Zinali zosangalatsa kwambiri ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo zinali zochititsa mantha kutenga nawo mbali pa nkhani yosiyirana yonena za 'The Legacy of Eugenics Zakale ndi Present'."
“Chinthu chododometsa chinali kukumbutsidwa za kuloŵerera m’maganizo kwa m’mbuyo m’kuyambitsa malingaliro oipa oyambitsa tsankho ndi tsankho. Chilankhulo chathu chimakhalabe ndi machitidwe amalingaliro - omwe tsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chipongwe - "moron", "chitsiru", Tony Wainwright adalongosola.
Ananenanso kuti, "Zomwe zidachitikira banja lake zomwe m'modzi mwa okamba nkhani, a Lisa Edward, adabwera nawo pamsonkhanowo zidawonetsa momwe iyi sinali nkhani yamaphunziro koma idakhala ndi zotulukapo zomvetsa chisoni."
Tony Wainwright pomaliza adati, "Chisangalalo chidabwera chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti kukumbukira zakale kupangitsa anthu kuchitapo kanthu masiku ano pomwe cholowachi chikupitilira. Tili m’nthawi imene ufulu wachibadwidwe uli pachiwopsezo m’madera ambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo mwachiyembekezo, zokambirana ngati zimenezi zidzalimbitsa zoyesayesa zathu zotetezera ufulu wachibadwidwe kulikonse kumene tingathe.”
Pamwambo wa msonkhano, BPS idawonetsanso mbali zina zachiwonetsero cha 'Sitili Tokha: Zolowa za Eugenics', zoyendetsedwa ndi Pulofesa Marius Turda. Magulu a chiwonetserochi atha kuwonedwa apa:
https://www.bps.org.uk/history-psychology-centre/exhibition-we-are-not-alone-legacies-eugenics
Chiwonetsero chonse chikhoza kuwonedwa apa:
Chofunika kwambiri, chiwonetserochi chidawonetsedwanso m'nkhani yachilimwe ya The Psychologist, yomwe idakonzekera msonkhano.
