Pangano la European Convention on Human Rights linalembedwa ndi magulu ndi akatswiri mkati mwa bungwe lopanga Council of Europe mu 1949-1950, kutengera zomwe zidapangidwa kale ndi European Movement.
Pambuyo pa kukambitsirana kwakukulu, Bungwe Loona za Ufulu wa Anthu ku Ulaya linatumiza lingaliro lake la Tchata cha Ufulu Wachibadwidwe, chimene aphungu a nyumba yamalamulo oposa 100 analembera m’chilimwe cha 1949, ku bungwe lopanga zisankho la Bungweli, Komiti ya Atumiki.
Zolemba za European Movement, zomwe Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe zidakhudzidwa kwambiri, zidapereka chitsimikizo cha "ufulu wa kumangidwa popanda chifukwa, kutsekeredwa m'ndende, kuthamangitsidwa, ndi njira zina, molingana ndi Ndime 9, 10 ndi 11 ya Chikalata cha United Nations Universal Declaration on Human Rights.”
Lemba ili silinapangitse zokambirana zilizonse mu Msonkhano ndipo lidasinthidwanso popanda kusinthidwa mu Lamulo la Msonkhano la 8th September 1949.
Komiti ya Akatswiri ikonza mawu atsopano a Msonkhano
Komiti ya Nduna za Bungwe la Europe adakumana mu Novembala 1949, ndipo pambuyo powunikira adakana kuvomereza msonkhano wokonzedwa ndi Assembly. Chodetsa nkhaŵa chachikulu chinali chakuti maufulu otsimikiziridwa anangolembedwa, ndi kuti kulamulira kwa ziletso pa maufulu kunali mu mawonekedwe onse.
Kenako Komiti Yoyang’anira Utumiki inapempha kuti pakhazikitsidwe komiti ya akatswiri a zamalamulo kuti ipange chikalata cha Msonkhano womwe udzakhale ngati maziko okambirana mtsogolo. Iwo anapereka Malangizo a Assembly a Ufulu Wachibadwidwe Charter ku Komiti Yongokhazikitsidwa kumene ya Akatswiri pa Ufulu Wachibadwidwe. Komitiyi inapatsidwa ntchito yodziwira ngati ufuluwo uyenera kufotokozedwa bwino, mwachitsanzo kuwaika mogwirizana ndi malamulo ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zilipo, kapena kusiya ngati ziganizo zambiri za mfundo.
Komiti Yoyang'anira Akatswiri inanena kuti: "Chisamaliro choyenera chiyenera kuperekedwa pa kupita patsogolo komwe kwachitika pankhaniyi ndi mabungwe oyenerera a United Nations".
The draft international Pangano la Ufulu Wachibadwidwe yokonzedwa ndi Bungwe la United Nations Loona za Ufulu Wachibadwidwe chapakati pa 1949, inaphatikizapo nkhani yonena za chitetezo cha munthu, imene inati:
"1. Palibe amene adzamangidwe kapena kutsekeredwa m'ndende popanda chifukwa.
2. Palibe amene adzalandidwe ufulu wake kupatula pazifukwa zotere komanso motsatira ndondomeko yokhazikitsidwa ndi lamulo."
Komiti Yoyang'anira Akatswiri idapitilira njira yochepetsera maufuluwo kukhala malamulo abwino omwe akuwoneka kuti adakwaniritsa cholinga choteteza zokomera boma osati zofuna zamunthu. Boma liyenera kusangalala ndi chitetezo chalamulo motsutsana ndi mayiko ena, awa anali malingaliro apamwamba.
Bungwe la Council of Europe’s Committee of Experts on Human Rights linaperekedwa “ndemanga za Boma la United Kingdom zolandiridwa ndi Mlembi Wamkulu” pa January 4, 1950. munthu woziletsa kwa anthu ena. Iwo analongosola zimenezi monga, “kutsekera mwalamulo anthu opanda nzeru kapena ana aang’ono, mwadongosolo lalamulo, ndi cholinga cha kuyang’anira maphunziro.”
Boma la UK linali litayamba kale kupereka nawo zomwezo ku United Nations Commission on Human Rights pokhudzana ndi kulembedwa kwapakati pa 1949 ndi International International. Pangano la Ufulu Wachibadwidwe. Zinachokera ku nkhawa yomwe malemba omwe adalembedwa a ufulu waumunthu adafuna kuti agwiritse ntchito ufulu waumunthu wa Universal kuphatikizapo anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la maganizo (psychosocial disabilities), omwe amatsutsana ndi malamulo ndi ndondomeko ya chikhalidwe cha anthu ku UK ndi mayiko ena.
Pamsonkhano wawo woyamba umene unachitika mu February 1950, Komiti Yoona za Ufulu wa Anthu inakambirana mfundo zimene mamembala ake angapo anayambitsa. Membala waku Sweden, Woweruza Torsten Salén adanenanso kuti ziyenera kukhala zotheka kuti boma lichite "njira zofunika" polimbana ndi umaliseche komanso uchidakwa.
Sir Oscar Dowson (United Kingdom) adabwerezanso zomwe boma lake likufuna makamaka nkhani yokhudza ufulu ndi chitetezo chamunthu makamaka yokhudzana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la misala (mwanjira ina anthu olumala).
Komiti Yoyang'anira Akadaulo yomwe idagwirizana kumapeto kwa msonkhano wake woyamba idabwereza mawu ndi mawu ndikubwereza mawu a Universal Declaration on rights to life and that: "Palibe amene adzamangidwa popanda chifukwa, kutsekeredwa m'ndende kapena kuthamangitsidwa. ”
Anthu a ku Britain akutsatira izi adapereka kusintha kwatsopano ndi kusintha pang'ono kwa malemba, koma ndi zofanana ndi zomwe adakambirana kale, pamsonkhano wotsatira wa Komiti Yokonza. Komitiyi inali ndi Sir Oscar Dowson (amene anapereka lingalirolo), Bambo Martin Le Quesne (kazembe wa Utumiki Wachilendo Wachilendo ku United Kingdom), Bambo Birger Dons-Møller (kazembe wa Unduna wa Zachilendo ku Denmark) ndi Woweruza Torsten Salén (Sweden).
Panthawiyi Komiti ya mamembala anayi - awiri mwa iwo anali ochokera ku UK, mmodzi wochokera ku Denmark (omwe adathandizira pempho loyamba la UK) ndi wina wochokera ku Sweden - adaphatikizapo zonse zomwe UK ndi Sweden adakonza kuti zisinthe pa Msonkhano. Ndi kusinthaku nkhani yokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha anthu idasankha "anthu opanda nzeru, zidakwa kapena zidakwa kapena oyendayenda" pakati pa anthu wamba.
Kumaliza kwa Msonkhano
Msonkhano wokonzekera womwe unaperekedwa ku Komiti ya Utumiki ndi Komiti Yaukatswiri unali ndi Zolemba ziwiri zomwe zikugwirizana ndi Ndime 5 yapano, pazaufulu ndi chitetezo chamunthu.
Kukonzekera kwa Msonkhanowu kunawunikiridwa ndi Msonkhano wa Akuluakulu Akuluakulu, womwe unakumana mu June 1950. Iwo anali ndi nkhani zambiri zoti akambirane, koma pazifukwa zosadziwika sanasinthe malemba a nkhani ya ufulu ndi chitetezo cha anthu. Lipotilo ndi Mgwirizano wa Pangano lomwe linavomerezedwa ndi Msonkhano wa Akuluakulu Akuluakulu anaikidwa pamaso pa Komiti ya Nduna ya Bungwe la Mayiko a ku Ulaya mu August 1950. Pa August 7, 1950, Komiti ya Nduna inagwirizana pa nkhani ya “Msonkhano Woteteza Ufulu wa Anthu ndi Ufulu Wachiyambi.”
Pa November 3, 1950, Komiti ya Akatswiri a Zamalamulo inapenda mawu a Msonkhanowo kwa nthawi yomaliza ndipo inaperekanso kusintha kwa kalembedwe ndi kumasulira. Pachochitika chimenecho, Gawo 5 linasinthidwa pang’ono, ndipo palibe limodzi la izo likukhudzana ndi kumasulidwa kwa “anthu opanda nzeru, zidakwa, zidakwa, kapena oyendayenda.” Motero Msonkhanowo unalandira mawonekedwe ake omalizira. Pangano la European Convention of Human Rights linasainidwa tsiku lotsatira.
European Convention ikuvomereza kulandidwa ufulu chifukwa cha "misala"
Ndime 5 ya Msonkhano Wachigawo wa Ufulu wa Ufulu ndi Chitetezo cha Munthu kudzera mu Ntchito za Oimira United Kingdom, Denmark ndi Sweden, monga motsogozedwa ndi akuluakulu awo mu Unduna wa Zachilendo, motero adaphatikizanso chilankhulo chololeza kutsekeredwa mwalamulo kwa lingaliro lalikulu komanso losadziwika la "anthu opanda nzeru" pokhapokha ali ndi kapena amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi zilema zamaganizidwe. M’mawu ena, zinalembedwa ku European Convention on Human Rights kuti kudzipereka mwangozi kwa anthu amisala komanso kuti kulandidwa ufulu kwa zidakwa ndi oyendayenda kuli kogwirizana ndi muyezo waufulu wachibadwidwe ku Europe bola ngati izi zikuchitika motsatira malamulo adziko.
Ndime iyi ya Msonkhano sinasinthidwe kuyambira pamenepo, ndipo ikugwirabe ntchito.
