Ndondomeko yatsopano yaulimi ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti tipeze tsogolo laulimi ndi nkhalango, komanso kukwaniritsa zolinga za European Green Deal.
Masiku ano, European Commission idavomereza phukusi loyamba la mapulani anzeru a CAP kwa mayiko asanu ndi awiri: Denmark, Finland, France, Ireland, Poland, Portugal, ndi Spain. Imeneyi ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) pa 1 January 2023. CAP yatsopano idapangidwa kuti ipangitse kusintha kwa gawo lokhazikika, lokhazikika komanso lamakono laulimi ku Europe. Pansi pa ndondomeko yosinthidwa, ndalama zidzagawidwa bwino kwa mabanja ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati, komanso kwa alimi achinyamata. Kuphatikiza apo, alimi adzathandizidwa kuti ayambe kuchita zinthu zina zatsopano, kuyambira ulimi wolondola mpaka njira zopangira zachilengedwe. Pothandizira zochitika zenizeni m'madera awa ndi ena, CAP yatsopano ikhoza kukhala mwala wapangodya wa chitetezo cha chakudya ndi madera a ulimi mu European Union.
CAP yatsopano imaphatikizapo njira yabwino komanso yogwira ntchito. Mayiko a EU adzagwiritsa ntchito dziko lonse CAP Zothandiza Plans, kuphatikiza ndalama zothandizira ndalama, chitukuko chakumidzi ndi njira zamisika. Popanga mapulani awo a CAP Strategic Plan, membala aliyense wa membala adasankha njira zingapo zoyendetsera EU, kuwakonzekeretsa ndikuwatsata kuti akwaniritse zosowa zawo komanso momwe alili. Bungwe la Commission lakhala likuwunika ngati pulani iliyonse ikuyendera Zolinga khumi zazikulu za CAP, zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zovuta zomwe zimagawana chilengedwe, chikhalidwe ndi zachuma. Chifukwa chake, Mapulaniwo azikhala ogwirizana ndi malamulo a EU ndipo akuyenera kuthandizira pazanyengo ndi zolinga za chilengedwe cha EU, kuphatikiza paubwino wa ziweto, monga zafotokozedwera mu Commission. Farm to Fork ndi Zamoyo zosiyanasiyana njira.
CAP idzapindula ndi ndalama zokwana €270 biliyoni mu nthawi ya 2023-2027. Mapulani asanu ndi awiri omwe avomerezedwa lero akuyimira bajeti yopitilira € 120 biliyoni, kuphatikiza ma euro 34 biliyoni odzipereka okha Zolinga zachilengedwe ndi nyengo ndi machitidwe achilengedwe. Ndalamayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kulimbikitsa machitidwe opindulitsa pa nthaka, komanso kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka madzi ndi udzu, mwachitsanzo. CAP ikhoza kulimbikitsanso kubzala nkhalango, kupewa moto, kukonzanso ndi kusintha nkhalango. Alimi omwe akutenga nawo gawo pazachilengedwe atha kulipidwa, mwa zina, chifukwa choletsa kapena kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, komanso kuchepetsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka. Pakati pa 86% ndi 97% ya madera omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi adzalimidwa ulimi wabwino ndi chilengedwe. Ndalama zokulirapo zithandiziranso chitukuko cha ulimi wa organic, pomwe mayiko ambiri akufuna kuwirikiza kawiri kapena kuwirikiza katatu gawo lawo laulimi. Madera omwe ali pansi pa zovuta zachilengedwe, monga kumapiri kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanja, adzapitirizabe kupindula ndi ndalama zenizeni kuti apitirize ntchito yaulimi.
Pankhani ya ziwawa zaku Russia motsutsana ndi Ukraine komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zikupitilira, Commission idapempha Mayiko omwe ali mamembala kuti agwiritse ntchito mwayi wonse mu mapulani awo a CAP kulimbikitsa kulimba kwa gawo lawo laulimi pofuna kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha chakudya. Izi zikuphatikiza kuchepetsa kudalira feteleza wopangira komanso kukulitsa kupanga mphamvu zongowonjezera popanda kuwononga kupanga chakudya, komanso kulimbikitsa njira zopangira zokhazikika.
Kukonzanso kwachibadwidwe ndi imodzi mwazovuta zazikulu zomwe ulimi waku Europe ukukumana nazo m'zaka zikubwerazi. Ndikofunikira kuti gawo laulimi likhalebe lampikisano komanso kuti madera akumidzi akopeke. Thandizo lachindunji kwa alimi achichepere limawonekera kwambiri mu Dongosolo lililonse lovomerezeka, ndi ndalama zoposa € 3 biliyoni zomwe zifikire mwachindunji alimi achichepere m'maiko asanu ndi awiri. Ndalama zachitukuko zakumidzi zithandizira masauzande ambiri a ntchito ndi mabizinesi akumidzi kumadera akumidzi, ndikuwongolera mwayi wopeza ntchito ndi zomangamanga, monga burodi. Mogwirizana ndi masomphenya a nthawi yayitali kumadera akumidzi a EU, zosowa za nzika zakumidzi zidzayankhidwanso ndi zida zina za EU monga Malo Obwezeretsa ndi Kupirira (RRF) kapena European Structural and Investment Funds (ISIF).
Pambuyo povomereza 7 CAP Strategic Plans, European Commission ikupitirizabe kuvomereza mwamsanga Mapulani a 21 otsalawo, poganizira za ubwino ndi nthawi ya machitidwe potsatira zomwe Commission yawona.
Background
European Commission idapereka lingaliro lake la Kusintha kwa Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). mu 2018, kuyambitsa a njira yatsopano yogwirira ntchito kukonzanso ndi kufewetsa mfundo za EU pazaulimi. Pambuyo pa zokambirana zambiri pakati pa Nyumba Yamalamulo ya ku Ulaya, Bungwe la EU ndi European Commission, mgwirizano unakwaniritsidwa ndipo CAP yatsopano idalandiridwa mwalamulo pa 2 December 2021.
Tsiku lomaliza lokhazikitsidwa ndi aphungu a mayiko omwe ali mamembala kuti apereke ndondomeko yawo ya CAP Strategic Plan inali 1 January 2022. Pambuyo polandira Mapulani, Commission inatumiza makalata owonetsetsa ku mayiko onse omwe ali mamembala pofika 25 May 2022. Webusaiti ya Europa pamodzi ndi zomwe mayiko onse ali membala amachitira, mogwirizana ndi mfundo yowonetsera poyera. Kukambitsirana kokhazikika pakati pa ntchito za Commission ndi akuluakulu aboma kunayambiranso pambuyo pake kuti athetse zovuta zomwe zatsala ndikumaliza mapulani a CAP omwe adawunikiridwanso. Kuti ivomerezedwe, Dongosolo lililonse liyenera kukhala lokwanira komanso logwirizana ndi malamulo, komanso kufunitsitsa kukwaniritsa zolinga za CAP ndi mapangano a EU pazachilengedwe ndi nyengo.
