Chiyembekezo cholowa m'malo ndi chofunikira chifukwa cha Putin ndi China.
Kuukira kwa Russia ku Ukraine pamapeto pake kwadzutsa European Union pakufunika kwaukadaulo kwa Western Balkan komanso kuthekera kwa Moscow kugwiritsa ntchito mikangano yosathetsedwa m'derali kuti iwononge West.
Atsogoleri a EU akuyenera tsopano kulanda nthawi ya geopolitical kuti asinthe kuphatikizika kwa mayiko asanu ndi limodzi ang'onoang'ono, osakhazikika pazachuma okhala ndi anthu osakwana 18 miliyoni mu Union, kapena kuyika pachiwopsezo kuwawona akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Russia ndi China pamasewera awo amphamvu. akulemba Paul Taylor kwa Politico.
Ngakhale akhumudwitsidwa kwambiri ndi kupita patsogolo kwa nkhono kuyambira pomwe EU idawapatsa mwayi wokhala membala mu 2003, kulowa nawo ku Union kumakhalabe chotsatira chabwino kwambiri ku Albania, Bosnia ndi Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia ndi Serbia, komanso kwa mayiko. mpumulo wa Europe.
Ngati EU ipitilizabe kuwaletsa, njira zina zitha kukhala kuyanjana kwambiri ndi Russia, kutuluka kwa malo osagwirizana, osagwirizana omwe angachoke ku Hungary kupita ku Russia. nkhukundembo, kapena - choyipitsitsa - kutsika kwa mkangano watsopano wokhala ndi zida zophatikizira zigawenga zamagulu ndi kusamuka kwa zida.
M'mizinda ina yakumadzulo kwa Europe, makamaka Paris ndi The Hague, komwe kukulitsa kutopa kwa EU kuli kokulirapo, pali lingaliro losasunthika kuti momwe zinthu ziliri pano ndizotheka ndipo sizikuyika pachiwopsezo chachitetezo cha ku Europe. Ndithudi anthu a Kumadzulo kwa Balkan ali otopa ndi nkhondo pambuyo pa zoopsa za m’ma 1990.
Mkhalidwewu ukhoza kuwoneka ngati wowongoka, koma ndi wosakhazikika mpaka kalekale. Palibe chitsimikizo kuti mikangano yosathetsedwa ku Bosnia kapena pakati pa Serbia ndi Kosovo idzapitirizabe kuzizira ndi miliri yaying'ono, kapena kuti chiwawa cha ndale sichidzakula, kukopa osewera akunja ndikuwonjezera kutuluka kwatsopano kwa othawa kwawo, zida ndi mankhwala ku EU. Kuwomberana kwaposachedwa pamapepala a nambala ya magalimoto a ku Kosovo Serb kumasonyeza momwe phokoso laling'ono lingathe kuyatsa udzu wouma.
Kuukira kwa Purezidenti wa Russia Vladimir Putin Ukraine zakwiyitsa anthu ambiri m'derali, zomwe zikupangitsa kuti anthu azikondana kwambiri pakati pa a Serbs a Russia omwe ali olimba mtima komanso kubweretsanso zikumbukiro zowawa za imfa ndi chiwonongeko pakati pa omwe adakhalapo pankhondo za Yugoslavia za m'ma 1990.
Moscow ikuyesera kulimbikitsa dziko la Pan-Slavic Orthodox ndikugwiritsa ntchito magawano kulikonse kumene angathe. Athandizira mtsogoleri waku Bosnia Serb Milorad Dodik pakuwopseza kuti achoka ku Bosnia ndikufalikira. disinformation kukulitsa chidani cha Serb ku Kosovo ku boma ku Pristina.
Kumbali yake, China ikufuna makamaka ndalama zachuma, pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la 14+1 pansi pa Belt and Road Initiative kuti igwirizane ndi atsogoleri am'deralo omwe akufunafuna ntchito zodzitetezera komanso zodzitetezera. Mu UN Security Council, adatsatira chitsogozo cha Russia ku Western Balkans ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake zachuma kulepheretsa mayiko a Balkan kuchirikiza zigamulo zotsutsa. ufulu waumunthu nkhanza ku Xinjiang kapena Hong Kong.
Makanema oyimira boma aku Serbia akudyetsa nkhani yaku Russia yokhudza nkhondoyi Ukraine, ndipo zoulutsira nkhani za ku Russia zikuthandizira kuti pakhale chipwirikiti chankhondo motsutsana ndi Kosovo. Russia ndi China zathandizira kukonzanso zida za Serbia. Moscow imakhalanso ndi mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu, monga Serbia imalandira 80% ya gasi kuchokera ku Russia, pamene Bosnia imadalira 100%. Mwa zina, Serbia yakana kulowa nawo zilango za EU motsutsana ndi Russia, zomwe zidakwiyitsa ku Brussels.
EU ili ndi mphamvu zowonjezera kwanthawi yayitali ngati ikufuna kuzigwiritsa ntchito, poganizira kuti anthu ambiri akufuna kulowa nawo m'chigawo chonsecho, kupatula ku Serbia. Komabe, France ndi Netherlands kuyambira pamenepo zakana kufutukuka kwina, makamaka chifukwa choopa kusamuka komanso umbanda wolinganiza.
Mayiko oyandikana nawo a EU Greece ndi Bulgaria akhala atsekereza kale Yugoslavia Republic of Macedonia pempho la EU ndi NATO umembala, kufuna kuti asinthe dzina lake ndikuvomereza nkhani ya Sofia ya mbiri yake komanso ochepa aku Bulgaria.
Ngakhale atavomereza mu 2018 kuti asinthe dzina lake kukhala North Macedonia, France idavotera kutsegulidwa kwa zokambirana ndi Skopje ndi Albania kuti ifune kusinthidwa kwa njira yolowa m'malo kuti iphatikizepo mfundo yobwezeretsanso ngati abwerera. Zokambirana zidayamba mu Julayi chaka chino, koma North Macedonia ikufunikabe kusintha malamulo ake chaka chamawa kuti aphatikize zomwe adagwirizana nazo. Bulgaria, msampha womwe ungakhalepo wandale chifukwa boma lilibe anthu ambiri.
Atsogoleri a EU atathamangira kupatsa Ukraine ndi Moldova kuti akhale osankhidwa mu June poyankha zachiwawa zaku Russia, akuluakulu aku Western Balkan adawopa kuti mayiko awo akubwezeredwa pamzere. Mofananamo, pamene Chancellor wa ku Germany Olaf Scholz anafuna kuti EU isinthe njira yake yopangira zisankho kuti ma vetos a dziko pa zilango ndi ndondomeko ya msonkho achotsedwe asanavomerezedwe mamembala atsopano, zinkamveka ngati kuyembekezera kwautali.
Ndiye EU iyenera kuchita chiyani tsopano?
Primo, kuwonekera kwambiri ndale.
Chaka chino, EU idayamba kuyang'ana kwambiri dera lomwe lanyalanyazidwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Misonkhano iwiri yapamwamba pakati pa EU ndi Western Balkan inachitika - imodzi mwa izo kwa nthawi yoyamba m'derali - komanso kutsitsimula kwa Berlin Process kuti athandizire mgwirizano wa zachuma m'madera pokonzekera kulowa nawo msika umodzi wa EU. Atsogoleri ochokera ku Western Balkans adapezeka pamsonkhano wotsegulira gulu latsopano la ndale ku Europe ku Prague mu Okutobala, adalota ndi Purezidenti wa ku France Emmanuel. Macron.
Kudzipereka kumeneku kuyenera kupitilira.
Secundo, kufulumizitsa zopindulitsa ndi kutenga nawo mbali pakuchitapo kanthu.
EU ikuyenera kukonzanso njira zake zolembetsera kuti igawane phindu lazachuma ndi msika la umembala pomwe ofunsira akupita patsogolo ndikusintha. Pakali pano amalandira gawo laling'ono chabe la chithandizo chofikirako mpaka nthawi yolowa m'malo awo.
Bungwe la EU liyenera kuitana nduna zochokera m’derali kuti zidzakhale nawo pamisonkhano ya khonsolo yokhudzana ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana. Ayenera kulimbikitsa mayiko a Western Balkan kuti asankhe owonera ku Nyumba Yamalamulo ya ku Ulaya nthawi yomweyo zisankho za ku Ulaya za 2024, kuti akhale ndi mawu, ngati si mawu, popanga malamulo a EU.
Zoonadi, ntchito yaikulu iyenera kuchitidwa m'mayiko omwe akufunafuna, omwe ambiri mwa iwo amalephera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za demokarasi, ulamuliro wa malamulo, ufulu wolankhula komanso kulimbana ndi ziphuphu kuti apemphe kukhala membala.
Monga nthawi zonse, ndi vuto la nkhuku ndi dzira. Kodi nchifukwa ninji andale a ku Balkan ayenera kupanga masinthidwe opweteka amene angafooketse mphamvu zawo ndi ndalama kaamba ka chiyembekezo chakutali chotero ndi chosatsimikizirika? EU idzafunika kugwira ntchito molimbika kuchokera pansi, kuthandizira mabungwe a anthu, mabungwe a amayi ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono monga oyendetsa kusintha, pamene akupereka zolimbikitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kukakamizidwa kuchokera kumwamba.
Panthawi ino ya geopolitical, EU silingathe kulola chigawochi kuti chiwonongeke.
Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Michael Erhardsson:
