Wolemba Sumera Shafique
Chaka chilichonse, ufulu wachibadwidwe umayerekeza kuti atsikana mazana angapo amakwatiwa mokakamiza ku Pakistan. Ngakhale ili ndi vuto lomwe limakhudza atsikana ang'onoang'ono ochokera m'madera onse, atsikana ochokera m'zipembedzo zazing'ono ndi omwe ali pachiopsezo. Malipoti angapo adapezanso kuti atsikana ang'onoang'onowo adalowanso Chisilamu mokakamiza
Center for Social Justice (CSJ), idapeza kuti milandu 162 ya kutembenuka kokaikitsa kwa atsikana ochepa idanenedwa m'manyuzipepala ku Pakistan pakati pa 2013 ndi Novembala 2020. CSJ idapeza kuti opitilira 54 peresenti ya ozunzidwa (asungwana ndi akazi) anali a gulu lachihindu, pomwe 44 peresenti anali Akristu. Oposa 46 peresenti ya ozunzidwa anali aang’ono, ndi 33 peresenti a zaka 11-15, pamene 17 peresenti yokha ya ozunzidwawo anali azaka zapakati pa 18. Zaka za atsikanawo sizinatchulidwe m’zochitika zoposa 37 peresenti.[1]
Palinso malamulo apadera okhudza maukwati a ana aang'ono monga Child Marriage Restraint Act (CMRA), Majority Act, 1875 ndi malamulo achisilamu okhudza udindo wa munthu ndi malamulo ena okhudzana ndi mayiko kapena zigawo zina.
Maukwati okakamizidwa ndi mlandu pansi pa Pakistan Penal Code (PPC). Gawo 365-B[2] wa PPC amalanga munthu kuba, kuba, kapena kunyengerera mkazi kuti akwatiwe ndi kumangidwa kwa moyo wonse komanso chindapusa.
Atsikana ena ang'onoang'ono amacheza ndi azibambo achikulire achisilamu motsutsana ndi zofuna za mabanja awo ndipo ngati ali azipembedzo zosiyanasiyana monga Chihindu ndi Chisilamu amayamba atembenuka kapena amalowa Chisilamu asanalowe m'banja. Ngakhale, makolo amanena kuti mtsikanayo amakakamizika kutembenuka ndi kukwatiwa, kutsimikizira izi ndizovuta. Apolisi akumaloko nthawi zambiri safuna kuchitapo kanthu ngati akukhulupirira kuti mtsikanayo walankhula.
Mu lipoti lake la chaka cha 2012-13, bungwe la Council of Islamic Ideology linanena mosabisa kuti ukwati wa mwana ukhoza kupangidwa pa msinkhu uliwonse komanso kwa mtsikana ndi mkwatibwi. rukhsati zitha kuchitika ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi mpaka kumapeto, malinga ngati watha msinkhu.
Pankhani ya Pumy Muskan[3] mu 2019, Khothi Lalikulu la Lahore lidagamula kuti mtsikana wazaka 14, yemwe banja lake likunena kuti adatembenuzidwa mokakamiza ndi mabwana ake, abwezedwe m'manja mwa banja lake.
Khotilo linagamula kuti mwana wazaka 14 analibe mphamvu zalamulo zomusintha chipembedzo, koma kutembenuka kwake sikunali kosayenera popeza kuti inali nkhani ya kukhudzika kwake ndipo panalibe lamulo loti kutembenukako kunali koletsedwa. M'malo mwake, khothi linakana kupereka mphamvu pakutembenuka pazifukwa zina zalamulo pomwe silinalole kutembenukako ngati koletsedwa.
Bwaloli linati, “Funso loti ngati kutembenuka kwa Pumy Muskan kukakamizidwa kapena sikunasowe tanthauzo chifukwa chondikhulupirira kuti alibe mphamvu zopanga chisankho. ”
Kwa Pumy sanakwatire.
Kumene mtsikana wamng'ono anakwatiwa pamodzi ndi kutembenuka, makhoti akhala akuzengereza kumbwezera m'manja mwa makolo ake.
Mu Julayi 2021, Khothi Lalikulu la Lahore lidavomereza chigamulo ku Pakistan cholola mtsikana wazaka 13 wachikhristu, Nayab Gill, Msilamu yemwe akuimbidwa mlandu womubera, kumukwatira mokakamiza, ndikusintha kukhala Chisilamu. Woweruza milandu Shahram Sarwar Chaudhry anakana zikalata zobadwa za mtsikanayo zosonyeza kuti anali ndi zaka 13. M’malo mwake khotilo linavomereza chigamulo chake, chomwe chinkaganiziridwa kuti chinaperekedwa poopsezedwa kwambiri ndi banja lake, kuti anali ndi zaka 19 ndipo anakwatiwa ndi zaka 30. Saddam Hayat, bambo wokwatira wa ana anayi, atalowa Chisilamu mwakufuna kwake ku Gujranwala pa Meyi 20.[3]
Mu Epulo 2021, bambo wachisilamu wazaka 40 adabera mtsikana wachihindu wazaka 14 ku Chundiko ku Sindh ndikumukwatira mokakamiza. Wakuba, Mohammad Aachar Darejo, adajambula ndi mtsikanayo. Chithunzicho chinamuwonetsanso iye ndi mtsikanayo akuwonetsa 'nikah-nama.' Adalowanso Chisilamu.[4]
Lamulo lapadziko lonse lapansi
Pakistan yasaina ndikuvomereza Pangano la Padziko Lonse la Ufulu Wachibadwidwe ndi Ndale ndikuvomereza Mgwirizano Wothetsera Kusalidwa kwa Akazi (CEDAW). Ndime 16 (2) ya CEDAW ikuletsa kukwatiwa kwa ana ponena kuti “Kukwatiwa ndi kukwatiwa kwa mwana sikudzakhala ndi mphamvu zamalamulo, ndipo zonse zofunika, kuphatikizapo malamulo, zidzachitidwa kuti zifotokoze zaka zochepa za ukwati ndi kulembetsa maukwati mu kaundula wovomerezeka." [5]
Komanso, pansi pa Gawo 16, limati mayiko amene ali m’bungweli ayenera kuteteza ufulu wa nzika yawo yosankha munthu wokwatirana naye ndi kulowa m’pangano laukwati ndi chilolezo chawo chonse.
M’banja ndi mwana wamng’ono, palibe chilolezo chomveka bwino chifukwa mtsikana wamng’onoyo sangathe kupereka chilolezo chawo mwaulele chifukwa chosakhwima.
Pakistan idavomerezanso Mgwirizano wa Ufulu wa Ana (CRC) ndipo ngakhale bungwe la CRC silifotokoza mwachindunji nkhani yaukwati wa ana, limafotokoza mwana pansi pa Ndime 1 kuti "mwana amatanthauza munthu aliyense wosakwanitsa zaka 18 pokhapokha, lamulo logwira ntchito kwa mwana, unyinji umakwaniritsidwa kale”. Ndime 14 (1) ya CRC ikunenanso kuti zipani za boma zikuyenera kulemekeza ufulu wa ana wa kuganiza, chikumbumtima, ndi chipembedzo.
[1] https://www.ucanews.com/news/the-curse-of-forced-conversions-in-pakistan/92096#
[2] Ndime 365-B ya PPC ikunena kuti : Kubedwa, kuba kapena kunyengerera mkazi kuti amuumirize kukwatiwa, ndi zina zotere: aliyense wobera mkazi aliyense ndi cholinga chofuna kumukakamiza, kapena akudziwa kuti akhoza kukakamizidwa, kukwatiwa ndi munthu amene sakufuna, kapena kuti akakamizidwe kapena kunyengedwa kuchita zosayenera, kapena podziwa kuti akhoza kukakamizidwa kapena kunyengedwa kuti achite zosayenera, adzalangidwa ndi kumangidwa kwa moyo wonse, komanso alipiridwa chindapusa, ndipo aliyense amene mwa kuwopseza milandu monga momwe zafotokozedwera mu Malamulowa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika ulamuliro kapena njira ina iliyonse yokakamiza, apangitse mkazi aliyense kuchoka pamalo aliwonse ndi cholinga choti akhale kapena akudziwa kuti ndizotheka adzakakamizidwa kapena kunyengedwa kuti agonane ndi munthu wina, nayenso adzalangidwa monga momwe tafotokozera.
[3] https://www.christianheadlines.com/blog/high-court-in-pakistan-upholds-girls-forced-marriage-conversion.html ndi https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/13-year-old-hindu-girl-forcibly-converted-and-married-to-abductor-in-pakistan-s-sindh-1777947-2021-03-11
[4] https://newsvibesofindia.com/minor-hindu-girl-abducted-forcibly-married-in-pakistan-18920/
[5] (Ndime 16 (2), Msonkhano Wothetsa Tsankho la Mitundu Yonse
Sumera Shafique ndi loya wamkulu ku Get Justice Law Firm ku Pakistan, akuchita zamalamulo komanso ufulu waumunthu motsindika kwambiri za ufulu wa anthu ochepa komanso ufulu wachipembedzo ku Pakistan. Iye ndi membala wa National Lobbying Delegation for Minority Rights. Amagwira ntchito kuti atetezere chilungamo kwa atsikana achikhristu omwe amazunzidwa ndi kugwiriridwa, kubedwa komanso kukwatiwa mokakamizidwa. Mayi Sumera amalankhula m’dziko lonselo za ufulu wa zipembedzo zing’onozing’ono ku Pakistan. Kuphatikiza apo, adatumikirapo Chairperson Minorities Rights committee High Court Bar Association ndi mlembi wamkulu komanso wachiwiri kwa purezidenti Christian Lawyers Association ku Pakistan.
