Pangano Loyambitsa Pangano la 1957 la Rome linapatsa mphamvu bungwe la European Commission, monga woyang'anira Panganoli, kuti liwononge mayiko omwe ali mamembala chifukwa chowoneka kuti akuphwanya udindo wawo wa Pangano. Linanenanso kuti ngati Khoti Loona za Chilungamo lakhazikitsa kulephera kukwaniritsa udindo, membala yemwe ali ndi udindo ayenera kuchitapo kanthu kuti agwirizane ndi chigamulo cha Khothi.
Mwina chifukwa cha chiyembekezo chomwe chinali pafupi ndi mgwirizano wa Pangano la mbiri yakale, osayinirawo sanawone kufunikira kwa njira zina zowonetsetsa kuti mayiko omwe ali mamembala amalemekeza zigamulo za Khoti Lachilungamo. Zomwe zinachitikira zinali zotsimikizira kuti chiyembekezo choterocho chinali cholakwika ndi kuti njira zinanso zinali zofunika. Chifukwa chake, mu Pangano la Maastricht lamulo latsopano lidayambitsidwa kuti athandize Commissionyo kuti itengere milandu yotsatiridwa kuti isakwaniritse zigamulo zophwanya malamulo m'mbuyomu, ndi Khothi kuti lipereke zilango zandalama kumayiko omwe ali mamembala pomwe likuwona kuti Commission yatsimikizira. mlandu.
Njirazi, makamaka zikatengedwa motsatira, zingawoneke ngati zokwanira kuthetsa kuphwanya malamulo a EU. Zoti bungweli liyenera kubwereranso pagawo loyamba ndikuyamba njira zatsopano zolakwira kuti asakwaniritse chigamulo chachiwiri sichinawonekere m'makonzedwewo. Komabe, izi ndi zomwe zachitika pankhani ya kusankhana kwanthawi yayitali kwa aphunzitsi azilankhulo zakunja (Lettori) m'mayunivesite aku Italy, ndikuwononga ndalama zonse za anthu.
Mikhalidwe yomwe yapangitsa kuti zinthu izi zitheke zafotokozedwa m'nkhani zam'mbuyomu The European Times. Mwachidule, mu 2006 Commission idapambana pamilandu C-119/04, yomwe idatengera ku Italy chifukwa chosakwaniritsa a Chigamulo chophwanya malamulo cha 2001 wa Khoti Lachilungamo. M'malo mwake, mlandu woyamba wophwanya malamulowo unatengedwa kuti usakwaniritsidwe 2 Zonse zigamulo za Khotilo, loyamba lomwe linayamba mu 1989.
Pamlandu wapamwamba kwambiri C-119/04 Commission idapempha kuti akhazikitsidwe chindapusa cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha €309,750 pa Italy chifukwa chopitilira kusankhana ndi Lettori. Italy idakhazikitsa lamulo lomaliza la 2004 lopatsa a Lettori kukonzanso ntchito kuyambira tsiku lomwe adagwira ntchito koyamba potengera gawo la ofufuza anthawi yochepa kapena magawo abwino. Poona kuti mfundo za lamuloli zingathe, ngati zitatsatiridwa bwino, kuthetsa tsankho, Khotilo linachotsa chindapusacho.
M'makalata otsatizana ndi a Commission pambuyo pa chigamulo cha 2006, Italy idatsimikizira Komitiyi kuti mfundo za lamulo la 2004 zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zidzapitirizabe kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamaziko a "zitsimikizo zolimba" izi, ndiye Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities. Vladimír Špidla, adalengezedwa mu a kutulutsidwa kwa atolankhani kwa 2007 kuti Commission ikutseka mlandu wawo wophwanya malamulo ku Italy.
Kufunika kwa "zitsimikizo zolimba" izi kunatsimikiziridwa ndi chigamulo chotsatira cha Commission kuti atsegule njira yoyendetsa (njira yomwe idakhazikitsidwa kuti ithetse mikangano mwamtendere ndi mayiko omwe ali mamembala ndikuletsa kutengera kuphwanya milandu) motsutsana ndi Italy mu 2011. M'zaka khumi zotsatira izi. Kazembeyo adalephera kukwaniritsa cholinga chake, Commission idatsegula milandu yonse yolakwira ku Italy mu Seputembara 2021 chifukwa chosakwaniritsa chigamulo cha 2006.
Ngati zitsimikizo zomwe zidaperekedwa mmbuyo mu 2007 zokhudzana ndi chigamulo cha Khothi la 2006 zinali zosemphana ndi udindo wa mgwirizano wokhulupilika woperekedwa kwa Mayiko omwe ali mamembala pochita ndi Commission, ndiye kuti machitidwe a Italy pa nthawi yophwanya malamulo omwe akhazikitsidwa. chigamulo chimenecho chiri chimodzimodzi. Mu Seputembala 2021 cholengeza munkhani polengeza kutsegulidwa kwa milandu yophwanya malamulo, Commission idapatsa Italy miyezi iwiri kuti achitepo kanthu kuti agwirizane ndi chigamulo cha Khothi Lachilungamo cha 2006. Ngakhale adapatsidwa nthawi yowonjezera yachisomo, Italy sanachitepo kanthu mokwanira. Kusamukira ku gawo lamalingaliro mu Januware 2022, Commission mu yachiwiri yake cholengeza munkhani za milandu anachenjeza Italy kuti tsopano anali 2 miyezi mkati kuti alipire zokhazikika chifukwa Lettori kupewa potsiriza kutumiza mlandu ku Khoti Lachilungamo.
Miyezi inayi pambuyo pawo chiwonetsero December watha, Lettori anasonkhana kachiwiri Lachinayi kunja kwa maofesi a Minister for Universities, Anna Maria Bernini kuti atsutsane ndi mfundo yakuti midzi yomwe inaitanidwa mu lingaliro lomveka silinapangidwe. Ali kumanzere kwa mtsinje wa Tiber, maofesi a Minister ali pamtunda wosavuta kuyenda wa Campidoglio ku banki yakumanja. Monga FLC CGIL, bungwe lalikulu kwambiri lazamalonda ku Italy, lidanenera posachedwa kalata yotseguka kwa Mtumiki Bernini, awa ndi malo omwe ufulu wa chithandizo chofanana unakhazikitsidwa ngati gawo la Pangano la mbiri yakale la Rome.
Kuyika ufulu wofanana wa chithandizo malinga ndi ufulu wonse wa nzika za ku Ulaya, Komitiyi inanena kuti ufulu "mwinamwake ndi ufulu wofunika kwambiri pansi pa malamulo a anthu, komanso chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha nzika za ku Ulaya". Mkulu wa bungwe la hypothetical Commission yemwe anali kunja kwa ofesi ya Minister for Universities Lachinayi akadawona msonkhano wa Lettori wochokera ku mayiko onse a EU, akutsutsa kuti ufuluwu ukuletsedwa. Mapepala omwe adafalitsidwa ndi a Letttori akadafotokozera mkuluyo za momwe tsankho likupitirizira ngakhale kuti 4 zigamulo zomveka bwino za malipiro a Khothi Lachilungamo motsatira malamulo omwe amachokera ku seminal. Allué akulamulira ya 1989. Chifukwa chake, palibe a Lettori omwe analipo pachiwonetserocho omwe adagwirapo ntchito molingana ndi zikhalidwe za chithandizo zomwe ziyenera kukhala zokha pansi pa Pangano.
Pakuphwanyidwa kwa milandu, odandaula, ngakhale sakhala nawo pazochitikazo, atha kuthandizira kumafayilo amilandu a Commission ndi ma depositi. Wodandaula, Asso.CEL.L, "La Sapienza" wa bungwe la ogwira ntchito ku Rome, mothandizidwa ndi bungwe lalikulu la ogwira ntchito ku Italy, FLC CGIL, adachita Kalembera wa anthu omwe adapindula ndi chigamulo cha 2006, kutalika kwa ntchito yawo, ndi magawo a wofufuza wanthawi yochepa kapena gawo labwinoko loyenera kukonzanso ntchito. Kuchokera ku banki ya data iyi bungwe logwira ntchito limatha kupanga zokhazikika chifukwa cha Lettori pakangopita milungu ingapo.
Kusinthana pakati pa Mayiko Amembala ndi Commission ndi zachinsinsi pakuphwanya malamulo. Chifukwa chake, a Lettori sakudziwa momwe Italy ikufuna kuchita ndi zomwe Commission ikufuna kuti ilipire zolipirira zomwe zikuyenera kutsatira malinga ndi lamulo la 2006. Anzeru adawonekera kuchokera ku oyang'anira mayunivesite akumaloko akuwonetsa kuti akuluakulu aku Italy ayesa kuyamikira malowa potengera malamulo otsutsana a Gelmini a 2011.
Lamulo la Gelmini, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa patatha zaka zisanu kuchokera pamene Khoti Loona za Chilungamo linagamula, likufuna kumasulira chigamulo chomwecho. Kupatula kulimba mtima kwa kukhazikitsa malamulo otanthauzira chigamulo cha bungwe lalikulu la European Union, kuwerenga kwa Gelmini kwa chigamulochi kukusemphana ndi zigamulo zomwe makhoti aku Italy adapereka pakati pa chigamulo cha Khothi Lachilungamo ndi tsiku lachigamulochi. kukhazikitsidwa kwa Gelmini komwe. Ngakhale kuti zigamulo za makhothi amderali zidapatsa odandaula a Lettori kukonzanso ntchito mosadodometsedwa kuyambira tsiku lomwe adagwira ntchito yoyamba, lamulo la Gelmini limaletsa kumangidwanso kwazaka zisanachitike 1995- malire omwe sanafotokozedwe m'chigamulo cha Khothi. Vuto linanso lalikulu la lamuloli ndikuti mawu ake sangathe kupereka mawerengedwe abwino a chigamulo cha 2006.
Ngati dziko la Italy lingafune kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zili mulamulo la Gelmini, izi zitha kukhala chothandizira kuti Komitiyi itumize mlanduwu ku Khoti Lachilungamo. Zomwe anachita pa chiyembekezochi zinasakanizidwa pakati pa otsutsa kunja kwa maofesi a Minister Bernini. Ngakhale a Lettori ena angavomereze kumasulira kwa Khothi la momwe Gelmini adatanthauzira chigamulo cha 2006 cha Khothi, ena adanenanso kuti izi zidzatalikitsa milandu yophwanya malamulo ndi zaka ziwiri.
Kurt Rollin, yemwe kale anali mphunzitsi ku "La Sapienza" University of Rome, ndi woimira Asso.CEL.L wa Lettori wopuma pantchito. Polankhula kunja kwa ofesi ya Minister Bernini adati:
"Komisheni ikuwona kuti kuyanjana kwa chithandizo ndi ufulu wofunikira kwambiri pansi pa Panganoli. Komabe monga mbiri ikuwonetsa kuti Italy idamana izi kwa Lettori kwazaka zambiri. Potengera nzika za ku Europe makonzedwe omwe alipo kale akuyenera kusinthidwa kuti Mayiko omwe ali mamembala osasintha asanyalanyaze ufulu wa Pangano mpaka kalekale. "
