Kushandiswa kwekumanikidza uye kumanikidza kunoramba kuri kuita kwakajairika muEuropean psychiatry kunyangwe kuedza kuderedza kushandiswa kwavo.
Zvidzidzo zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvakatarisa maonero emurwere nezvehutano hwepfungwa. In chimwe chidzidzo kubva muna 2016 maonero ekudzokera shure kwevarwere kune kugamuchirwa kwavo uye kureba kwekugara muchipatara chepfungwa kwakaongororwa. Chidzidzo ichi chinosanganisira ongororo yakaitwa yevarwere vakavharirwa vasingazvisarudziri munyika dze10 dzeEurope, avo 770 vaive pasi peimwe kana anopfuura matanho ekumanikidza vachinyimwa rusununguko rwavo.
Zvakawanikwa zvakaratidza migumisiro inokuvadza yekushandiswa kwekumanikidza maererano nehutano hwehutano hwechipatara.
Muongorori mukuru wechidzidzo ichi Paul McLaughlin weUnit for Social & Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Center for Mental Health Services Development muEngland akati: “Kushandiswa kwekumanikidza mukutarisira hutano hwepfungwa kunoramba kuri kuita kwakajairika munzvimbo dzepasirese. Pamwe chete nekupinzwa muchipatara pasina kuzvidira pasi pemasimba emutemo ekuvharirwa, nzira dziri pachena dzekuita zvekumanikidzira ndedziya dzinonzi 'matanho ekumanikidza'-kumanikidzwa kupihwa kwemishonga yepsychotropic zvichipesana nezvinodiwa nemurwere, kuvharirwa kwemurwere ari ega kana kuti ari ega, uye kudzora kwemaoko kana mechanical kwemakumbo kana muviri wemurwere kudzivirira kufamba kwakasununguka. Zvisinei nekushandiswa kwakapararira kwezviyero zvekumanikidzira, zvisinei, pane kushomeka kunoshamisa kwehumbowo hwehumbowo hwekubatana kwavo nemhedzisiro yekurapa. "
Kushandiswa kwezviyero zvekumanikidzira kwaizongove kwakarurama apo kushandiswa kwavo kwaizokonzera kuvandudzwa kwemamiriro ekurapa kumunhu anenge ari pasi pekupindira kana kuti zvimwewo vamwe vanhu mukurapwa vangatambura nemigumisiro yakaipa kubva kune zviito zvemunhu iyeye. Izvi zvakadaro zvinoita sekunge zvisiri izvo maererano neakawanda nyanzvi zvidzidzo.
Paul McLaughlin nevamwe vake vaongorori kubva pane zvavakawana muongororo yavo vakagumisa kuti: “Zvichipa kushandiswa kwavo kwakapararira, kushamwaridzana pakati pezviyero zvekumanikidzira nemigumisiro yekurapa kunokosha zvakajeka. Kunyanya kunze kwengozi dzemuviri dzinoenda nekushandiswa kwesimba, zvidzidzo zvehutano zvinogara zvichiratidza kuti maitiro ekumanikidzira anogona kuonekwa nevarwere seanonyadzisa uye anoshungurudza, uye kufunga kwakatanga kuitwa nezvengozi dzepfungwa dzekushandisa kwavo."
Kumanikidzwa kunoguma nekugara muchipatara kwenguva refu
Chidzidzo ichi chaisanganisira varwere vanosvika 2030 vanobva kunyika gumi. Zvakaonekwa kuti 10 (770%) yakanga iri pasi peimwe kana mamwe maitiro ekumanikidzira mumavhiki mana ekutanga ekubvumirwa kwavo kana pasi, kana vakasunungurwa kubva kuchipatara chepfungwa kare. Varwere mazana manomwe nemakumi manomwe nevaviri vakawana 37.9 akarekodhwa zviitiko zvekushandiswa kwematanho ekumanikidza.
Kubva pane izvi zvakawanikwa Paul McLaughlin akagumisa kuti: "Kushandiswa kwemishonga yekumanikidzirwa kwakabatana nevarwere vasina mukana wekuti vapembedze kubvumidzwa kwavo pavakabvunzurudzwa mushure memwedzi mitatu. Zvose zvekumanikidzira matanho akabatanidzwa nevarwere vanogara kwenguva refu muchipatara. "
Kana tichifunga nezvezvakasiyana zvakasiyana, zvakaonekwa kuti kuvharirwa kwaive kwakakosha kufungidzira kwekugara kwenguva refu muchipatara, kuwedzera nezvemazuva makumi maviri neshanu kune avhareji yekubvumidzwa.
Pakuwongorora kana mamwe marudzi ekumanikidza anga aine simba rakasimba kupfuura mamwe, zvakaonekwa kuti mushonga wekumanikidzwa unoratidzika kunge une simba rinoshamisa. Kushandiswa kwerudzi urwu rwesimba kunobatsira zvakanyanya mukusatendera kwemurwere kurapwa kwepfungwa.
Kuwedzera zvisungo zvekuzvidira
An Muparidzi yakaburitswa muBritish Medical Journal muna 2017, yakaongorora kuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwekupinzwa muchipatara chepfungwa muEngland. Yakawedzera neinodarika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu mumakore matanhatu. MuScotland, nhamba yevasungwa yakawedzera ne19% mumakore mashanu.
Zvinoshamisa kuti chiitiko chacho chaderera kusvika pamwero wekuti inopfuura hafu yevanogamuchirwa kuzvipatara zvepfungwa muEngland ikozvino havadi. Uyu ndiwo mwero wepamusoro wakanyorwa kubvira 1983 Mental Health Act.
Germany yakasanganawo nekuwedzera. A kudzidza yakaunzwa kuWorld Psychiatric Association's (WPA) Thematic Conference: Coercive Treatment in Psychiatry yakaitwa muna 2007 yakaongorora kuzvipira kwevanhu muGermany. Chidzidzo ichi chakawana kuti kusasanganisa zvisungo izvo zvaibvumira kuzvidzora, izvi zvakapetwa kaviri. Kuwedzera kunobva pa24 kusvika ku55 pavagari ve100,000 1992 munguva ya2005 kusvika muna 64. Uye kana tichitarisa pamiitiro yekuzvipira kwevanhu iyi yakawedzera kubva pa75 kusvika ku38. Kupfupikisa marudzi akasiyana-siyana, hwerengedzo yezvisungo zvose yakawedzera neXNUMX muzana muGermany.
Pamusoro perudzi rwekunyimwa rusununguko kuburikidza nezvisungo zvehurumende imwe nzira yekurambidza inoshandiswawo muGermany. Vanhu vari kuramba vachiendeswa kumatare edzimhosva. Mutongo wedare unoyerwa maererano neganhuriro yemuviri, yave ichisungirwa kubva muna 1992, yakawedzera nekanopfuura kanomwe kubva pa12 kusvika pa90 pavagari vemo 100,000 XNUMX.
MuDenmark kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwekukwanisa kunyima vanhu rusununguko rwavo kuburikidza nekuzvipira kwekuzvipira mukurapa kwepfungwa kunotonyanya kukosha. Kuwedzera kunenge kwemutsara kwakaitika kubva muna 1998 apo vanhu 1522 vakazvipira kuna 2020 apo vanhu mazana mashanu nemazana matanhatu neshanu vakazvipira.
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