Kuvharirwa, nei? Akanga anyimwa rusununguko rwake nemhaka bedzi yokuti akanga ati vhiringikei uye akanga aridza mumhanzi une ruzha pakati pousiku. Mumwe muvakidzani akanga afonera mapurisa, akawana pamba pake paine tsvina uye akamukumbira kuti aongororwe. Akanga asiri psychotic, uye haana kutenda kuti aida rubatsiro rwenyanzvi. Ainyatsoziva zvaigona kuitika, akanga akavharirwa muwadhi yevarwere vepfungwa makore apfuura. Zvakadaro akaendeswa kuchipatara chevanorwara nepfungwa uko akavharirwa kwapera awa.
Akanga asina mhosva, akanga asina kuzviuraya kana kuva nengozi kune ani zvake. Mukadzi ane makore 45 okukura aizivikanwa neshamwari dzake somuKristu ane rugare uye anoshingaira munharaunda yake. Asi dzimwe nguva hupenyu hwake hwaimboti netsei uye ndizvo zvazvaive apa. Aiziva kuti aida kumbozorora uye aienda kuzororo, uye airidza mimhanzi achirongedza rwendo rwake zuva raitevera. Pfungwa dzake dzainge dzave kune imwe nzvimbo apo mapurisa akaridza bhera kechipiri manheru iwayo. Haana kukwanisa kuzvitsanangura achibva atopinda muwadhi yakavharwa yevarwere vepfungwa.
Nyaya iri pamusoro apa inogona kunge isiri yechienzi muDenmark, sezvo vanhu vakawanda vari kuvharirwa mumawadhi evarwere vepfungwa. Uye hazvisi kungoitika kumatsotsi ane ngozi anopenga, zvinoitika kuvanhu vakawanda. Pasinei nemutemo unorambidza, magwaro ekuchengetedza akajeka, uye mutemo wakajeka wekuderedza kushandiswa kwezviyero zvekumanikidzira mune zvepfungwa, gore rakapera rakaona nhamba yepamusoro yevanhu vachinyimwa rusununguko rwavo mune zvepfungwa. Uye yave ichiwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kwemakore.
Iyo Psychiatry Act
Kune nzira dzinoverengeka idzo munhu anogona kubvisirwa rusununguko rwake mune zvepfungwa muDenmark. Mamiriro ezvinhu, maitiro uye dziviriro pakushungurudzwa zvakaiswa mumutemo unokosha, Psychiatry Act. Kubviswa kwekusununguka uye kushandiswa kwekumanikidza kana kumanikidza kunogona kushandiswa kana zvisingabviri kuwana kubatana kwemunhu nekuzvidira uye kupindira kunoonekwa sekuenderana nehuwandu hunoreva nheyo [kupindira kusingapindirani].
Mutemo unoda kuti munhu anogona uye anofanirwa kuvharirwa kana achida kurapwa, haabvumire nekuzvidira kupihwa kwekubvumidzwa uye zvinotevera zvinosangana:
- munhu wacho anopenga kana kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu anoenderana nekupenga uye
- Hazvina musoro kusavharira munhu wacho kuti umurapise nokuti: (a) Tarisiro yekupora kana yekuvandudzwa kwechirwere ichi yaizokanganiswa zvikuru; kana (b) Munhu wacho anoisa njodzi iri pedyo uye huru kwaari kana kune vamwe.
Hapana kutongwa kwedare kunofanira kuitwa kuti kubvisirwa rusununguko kuve pamutemo. Inogona kuurayiwa nguva iyo chiremba wepfungwa akasimbisa kuti maererano nemaonero ake kurapwa kwaanotenda kuti anogona kupa kwakakosha. Munhu akaiswa pasi anogona kunyunyuta, asi izvi hazvidziviriri kuurayiwa kwekunyimwa rusununguko.
Izvi zvakonzera kushandiswa kunoramba kuchiwedzera kweiyi nzira kuchengetedza zviuru zvevanhu gore rega rega.
3 zviverengero pazvisungo zvekusazvidira
Eugenics
Iko mukana wekunongedza huwandu hwakadai hwevanhu nekupindira kwakakomba - kunyimwa rusununguko - kwakabva kuma1920 nema1930, apo eugenics yakava chinhu chinodiwa uye chikamu chakakosha chemuenzaniso wekusimudzira magariro muDenmark. Panguva iyoyo vanyori vakawanda vakaratidza chishuvo chekuti kunyange "vakatsauka" vasiri nengozi vapinzwe nechisimba kunzvimbo yepfungwa.
Simba rinosunda iri shure kweiyi pfungwa rakanga risiri itiro hanya yomunhu oga, asi itiro hanya yenzanga kana kuti mhuri. Mafungiro enzanga umo zvinhu "zvakatsauka" uye "zvinonetsa" hazvina nzvimbo.
Sekureva kwemuchuchisi wehurumende weDanish weDare Repamusorosoro, Otto Schlegel, munyaya yeDanish Weekly Journal of the Judiciary, vanyori vose, kunze kwomumwe chete, vaifunga kuti “bviro yokupinzwa muchipatara kwokumanikidzirwa inofanirawo kuva yakazaruka kusvikira kutambanuko yakati kuvanhu vangave vasina ngozi asi vasingagoni kuita chiito munyika yokunze, mupengo anotambudza ane mufambiro unotyisidzira kuparadza kana kuti kunyadzisa hama dzavo. Mafungiro ekurapa anofungidzirwawo kuti anotsigira kumanikidzwa kuchipatara mune zvimwe zviitiko. "
Saka, Danish Insanity Act ye1938 yakaunza mukana wekuchengetedza vanhu vasina njodzi vanopenga. Pfungwa yekufambisa iri shure kwepfungwa yekutorera ane hanya rusununguko rwake, uye nekudaro kubvisa avo vasingagone kushanda zvakaringana munharaunda - iyo inonzi inonetsa uye yakatsauka inopenga iyo yakanga isina njodzi - yakanga isiri hanya nemunhu, asi. hanya nenzanga. Yakanga isiri kunzwira tsitsi kana pfungwa yekubatsira vanhu vanoshaya izvo zvakakonzera kuunzwa kwechiitiko ichi mumutemo, asi pfungwa yenzanga umo zvinhu zvakatsauka uye "zvinonetsa" zvakanga zvisina nzvimbo. Pashure pezvose, maitiro avo angatyisidzira kuparadza kana kunyadzisa hama dzavo.
Kunyimwa rusununguko rwevanopenga kwakanga kwakavakirwa munhau pamusoro penheyo yemutemo wechimbichimbi. Kusvika muna 1938, hwaro hwemutemo hwekutorera vanopenga rusununguko hwaive huchiri kuwanikwa muDanish Law 1-19-7 ya1683 uye mumutemo wakatevera. Mitemo yekunyimwa rusununguko rwevanopenga inongobata vanhu vanopenga vanogona kunzi vane ngozi kune chengetedzo yavose kana ivo pachavo kana nharaunda yavo.
With the eugenics yakapesvedzera Insanity Act ye1938 izvi zvakachinja, uye mukana wekuvharisa vanhu vasiri nenjodzi vari kuoneswa senyaya yedambudziko remagariro yakachengetwa kubvira muNewer Psychiatry Act..
Retainments
Kunyimwa rusununguko mukurapa kwepfungwa mukuwedzera kunhonga vanhu mudzimba dzavo kana kubva mumugwagwa zvinogonawo kuitwa kune vanhu vanozvidira muchipatara.
Kana munhu akazvibvuma kuchipatara chepfungwa achikumbira kuti asunungurwe, chiremba mukuru anofanira kusarudza kana murwere achigona kubudiswa kana kuti anofanira kuchengetwa nechisimba. Chishuvo chemunhu chekusunungurwa chinogona kunge chiri pachena (anoda kuti asunungurwe), asi inogonawo kuva maitiro emunhu anofanira kuenzaniswa nechishuwo chekusunungurwa.
Zvinoenderana nemutemo murwere anopinzwa achizvidira anogona uye anofanirwa kuvharirwa kana munhu akakumbira kuburitswa panguva yaanosangana nemamiriro ekumanikidzwa kubvumidzwa pasi pePsychiatric Act.
Izvi zvisati zvaitika, kubvumirwa kwemurwere kuti aenderere mberi achizvidira achatsvakwa maererano nenheyo yezvishoma nzira.
Kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri neshanu kwave kuine chirevo chezvematongerwo enyika uye chehurumende chekudzikisa kushandiswa kwekumanikidza mune zvepfungwa muDenmark. Asi, chinangwa ichi hachiratidzike muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye maitiro mumawadhi epfungwa. Nokudaro, mumwe anocherechedzawo kuwedzera kukuru kwekuchengetwa kwekuzvidira.
Pamusoro pezvipikirwa zvenguva dzose nekuchengeta, kune imwezve nzira isinganyatsojeka inoshandiswa kusimbisa zvisungo mumawadhi evarwere vepfungwa pasina kuratidzika sekuzvipira kusingaite, kunyangwe ichipokana nemvumo yemunhu ane hanya. Iri dare rinotongerwa kuti varapwe pfungwa dzavo maererano nemutemo weCriminal Law. Zviuru zvevanhu nhasi nokudaro zvinogara munzanga asi vanogona kutorwa chero nguva yavasingazoteveri mirayiridzo yokurapwa uye kuvharirwa muwadhi yevarwere vepfungwa. Kana izvi zvaitwa, hazvirangarirwi sekuzvipira kwekuzvidira.
Mutemo unokonzera kumanikidza
Kunyimwa rusununguko mukurapa kwepfungwa kuri kuwedzera gore negore mumakumi emakore adarika uye kuri kure nekuwedzera kwekuwedzera kwevarwere vepfungwa kana kukura kwevanhu.
Nekuedza kwekuchinja hurumende dzeDanish uye chinangwa chezvematongerwo enyika chakabvumirana kuderedza kushandiswa kwezviyero zvekumanikidzira mune zvepfungwa, kugoverwa kwezviwanikwa uye kuedza kwepakati pekutonga kuita izvi kunogona kungoona chokwadi chekuvapo kwemutemo wekushandisa zvinoda kushandiswa kwekumanikidza sechikonzero chekudzidzira kutsvedza, nekuwedzera kunyimwa rusununguko mune zvepfungwa.
