Izvo zvaisasanganisira chero mhondi dzinoita mhondi, mahotera akashata, kana kutsiva, telekinetic kuchikoro chesekondari, asi zhizha rino, munyori Stephen King akatanga kutaura nyaya itsva inotyisa: mamiriro asina kunaka eiyo US bhuku indasitiri muna 2022.
Munyori, uyo akanyora akawanda anotyisa anotengesa kubva kuma1970s seThe Shining naCarrie, akapa humbowo mwedzi uno akamiririra hutongi hweBiden mukuyedza kweDhipatimendi reJustice kumisa kubatanidzwa kwe $ 2.2bn yePenguin Random House, muparidzi mukuru weAmerica, uye. Simon & Schuster, imwe ye "Big Five" makambani anotonga US mabhuku indasitiri.
Muna Mbudzi wegore rapfuura, hurumende yemubatanidzwa yakamhan'arira kumisa chibvumirano ichi, ichipokana kuti kubatana kwaizopa makambani "kutonga kusati kwamboitika" pamusoro pekuti ndiani anonzwa manzwi avo muhupenyu hwetsika dzeAmerica, budiriro "inozokonzera kukuvadzwa kukuru kune vanyori. ”.
Mukati memavhiki matatu ekukakavadzana Nyamavhuvhu uyu, kutongwa kwakapinda munyika isina kujeka yekufambira mberi kwevanyori vemari uye kubatanidzwa kweindasitiri, zvichiburitsa kusawirirana kwakadzama pamusoro pekuti chibvumirano chaizokanganisa sei bhizinesi rebhuku, uye nemhedzisiro, ramangwana re Tsika dzekunyora dzeAmerica dzakaita sedzevanyori nevaverengi zvakafanana. Mhosva isina kumboitika yakanzi kutongwa kwemabhuku kwezana remakore.
Nekudivi rake, Mr King, mumwe wevanyori vakabudirira uye vakabhadharwa zvakanyanya vezera rake, aida kupupura achipikisa muparidzi wake wenguva dzose, Scribner, chikamu chaSimon & Schuster, kupokana nekubatanidzwa kwakawanda muindasitiri yemabhuku.
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“Ini ndinonzi Stephen King. Ini ndiri munyori akazvimirira, "akatanga necheekily, asati atuka mamiriro emusika ayo akasundira vanyori vazhinji "pasi pehurombo".
"Ndakauya nekuti ndinofunga kuti kubatanidzwa kwakaipa kumakwikwi," akatsinhira. "Zvinova zvakaoma uye zvakaoma kuti vanyori vawane mari yekurarama nayo."
“Iko zvino nyika yakaoma. Ndosaka ndauya,” akawedzera. "Panouya poindi yekuti, kana uine rombo rakanaka, unogona kurega kutevera account yako yekubhangi wotanga kutevera moyo wako."
Kunetsana naMambo King ndechimwe chezvakawanda zvakamonyoroka mukutongwa, uko kwakapeta nharo dzekupedzisira neChishanu (19 Nyamavhuvhu).
Kunyangwe nyaya yacho ichienderana nehunyanzvi hwekuita senge simba remakondirakiti evanyori, tsananguro yesimba re monopoly, uye kunaka kweakasiyana hurongwa hwekugovera, munhu wese munyika yebhuku arikutarisisa kana sarudzo yasvika pakudonha uku.
Vaverengi vangada kuterera, zvakare. Mhosva haingokanganisa mashandisiro anoita vanhu mabhuku, uye nemutengo upi. Kufanana nenyaya ipi neipi yakanaka, iyi inewo mitambo yakawanda uye makuhwa ekufamba-famba.
"Ichi ibasa rakakura," Michael Cader, muvambi wePublishers Lunch newsletter, akaudza The Independent. “Nyaya iyi ingangove yakapindwa nevanhu gumi nevaviri, asi yaikurudzira indasitiri yese. Zvose zvingangoitika pachibvumirano chacho pamwe chete netheater yekuva nevezera rako nevanhu vari muindastiri yako pachiteshi ichikurukura nezvebhizinesi mufashoni kwemavhiki matatu zvaimanikidza vanhu vazhinji. "
Nharo huru munyaya iyi yaitenderedza mawhale makuru eindasitiri yekutsikisa, mabhuku apo vanyori vakawana mari inodarika madhora mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu ezviuru pakufambira mberi kwavo kwemazita anotarisirwa kuve pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvinotengeswa zvakanyanya.
Iyo DOJ yakataura kuti inogona kunge iri Penguin Random House - Simon & Schuster juggernaut yaizodzora hafu yemusika wemabhuku akadaro e blockbuster muUS.
"Ndiwo chete mafemu ane capital, mukurumbira, kugona kwekunyora, kushambadzira, kushambadza, kutengesa, uye kugovera zviwanikwa kuti vagare vachiwana mabhuku anotarisirwa kutengeswa," magweta eDOJ akadaro mudare.
Zvichakadaro, vane tarisiro yekubatana, vakaudza dare remuWashington, DC, kuti vaverengi nevanyori havana chekutya kana hurumende ikabvumidza Big Five kuti vave Big Four.
"Iyo yakanaka kune vese vanobatanidzwa, kusanganisira vanyori," Stephen Fishbein, gweta raSimon & Schuster, akadaro mukutaura kwake kwekuvhara.
Vatungamiriri vepamusoro paPenguin Random House naSimon & Schuster vakati musika wemabhuku wakawedzera uye wakakwikwidza pane chikamu icho hurumende yaisarudza kutarisa pachiri, icho chinovhara mabhuku angangosvika chiuru nemazana maviri pagore, kana zvikamu zviviri kubva muzana zvemusika wekutengesa weUS. makambani akakakavadzana mune pretrial pfupi.
Pakazere, muna 2021, ingangoita hafu yemabhuku akatengeswa muUS akabva kune vabudisi kunze kweBig Five, Penguin Random House CEO Markus Dohle akapupura. Iyo kambani yakaonawo kuti yakanga yarasa chikamu chemusika kubva pakasanganiswa 2013 pakati pePenguin neRandom House.
Kupfuura izvozvo, makambani akapokana maitiro ekutora mabhuku musanganiswa wehunyanzvi uye kubhejera, uko kunyangwe hofori dzinoshambadzira dzisingagone kuvimbisa kutenga kwemari hombe kunodudzira kukutengesa kukuru uye netsika yakakura kusvika, kana kufanotaura riini bhuku remunyori. ichava hit hit.
"Aya haasi majeti atiri kugadzira," Madeline McIntosh, mukuru mukuru wePenguin Random House, akadaro mukupupura. "Ongororo iyi inzira ine musoro."
Kutaura kufanotaura nezveramangwana rinotengeswa zvakanyanya nebhuku kwakafanana ne "kutora chikwereti nezvemamiriro ekunze," akawedzera Simon & Schuster CEO Jonathan Karp.
Iyi nzira isingafungidzike yaizoramba yakamiswa kunyange mushure mekubatanidzwa, makambani akaenderera mberi, nekuti Simon & Schuster naPenguin Random House vapepeti vaizoramba vachibvumidzwa kukwikwidza kune rimwe nerimwe mazita emangwana.
Kunyangwe kumunyori wefungidziro, zvisinei, chirevo ichi chakarova Stephen King sekunze-ikoko.
“Mungangotaura kuti muchava nomurume nomudzimai vachipirana imba,” munyori akatsinhira kudaro. "Zvinosekesa zvishoma."
Amy Thomas, muridzi wePegasus Books, ane zvitoro muSolano, Berkeley, uye Oakland, California, akati kubatanidzwa uku kunogonawo kudzima kuti ndiani anoburitswa pekutanga, zvichikonzera kudzikira uko manzwi matsva uye akakosha anonzwika.
Mabhuku akanyanya kukosha haasi iwo anotanga seanoita purofiti ipapo, asi kusangana kunowanzo kukoka kutsvaga kwekukurumidza nzvimbo dzekudzikisa mitengo. Uyezve, akadaro, vatengesi vanomiririra makuru akasanganiswa emakatalogi akasanganiswa eSimon & Schuster uye Penguin Random House vanogona kunge vasina nguva yekurwira mazita avo ese sezvingaita imba diki yekutsikisa.
“Zvinhu zvichadonha. Mitsetse ichadonha. Pane zvakawandisa," akaudza The Independent. “Kune mabhuku akawanda. Havasi vese vanoshanda. Uye mazhinji acho akakodzera zvakadaro. "
Makambani makuru anogonawo kuva nekurudziro shoma kana kugona kupa vatengesi vemabhuku mazwi akanaka, zvichipihwa chiyero chikuru chemashandiro ekambani yakarongwa.
Kupfuura mimwe mibvunzo yehunyanzvi pamusoro pekuti Simon & Schuster - Penguin Random House dhiri yaizokanganisa sei kubhadhara kwevanyori uye zvitoro zvemabhuku, paivewo nenyaya shoma yekuti vanyori vakabhadharwa mari huru uye nei.
Pamubvunzo uyu, kutongwa kwakava rudzi rwekunyora Peji Yechitanhatu, nekutaura nezveBig Five muparidzi Hachette runyorwa rwe "avo vakatiza", uye akashuma mihoro yenhamba manomwe yenhamba dzakaita semutambi Jamie Foxx uye New Yorker munyori wemagazini Jiayang Fan. .
Muparidzi weSimon & Schuster imprint Gallery akatopupura kuti vakabhadhara “mamiriyoni” ebhuku neanosetsa Amy Schumer, kunyangwe fungidziro dzekutengesa dzakaratidza kuti bhuku racho rinogona kusakodzera muripo wakadaro.
Mhosva iyi yakatsanangurawo mawaniro akaitwa madhora miriyoni makumi matanhatu neshanu emadhora kuBarack naMichelle Obama kumabhuku avo akasvika pamadhora makumi manomwe neshanu emadhora apo Penguin Random House vapepeti vaizoda mvumo kubva kumubereki wavo wekambani, Bertelsmann wekuGermany, kuti vafambire mberi.
Asi chakanyanya kutariswa pamazita epamarquee aya chaive chinopfuura makuhwa eindasitiri yekutsikisa. Mhosva iyi yakavhenekera chitarisiko chekuti chikamu chidiki chemabhuku anoyevedza chinotsigira sei mamwe indasitiri yekutsikisa.
Vakuru vePenguin Random House vakati vanongodarika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chemabhuku avo vanowana purofiti, nezvikamu zvina chete kubva muzana zvemabhuku ari muchikamu ichi zvinotora makumi matanhatu muzana emihoro. Muna 60, maererano nedata kubva kuBookScan, isingasviki chikamu chimwe muzana chemazita emamiriyoni mazana matatu nemazana maviri aakatsvaga akatengesa makopi zviuru zvishanu.
Tichifunga nezvemamiriro ezvinhu aya, vabudisi vakuru vakapokana kuti kubatana kwavo kwaizogadzira mashandiro emakambani, zvichivabvumira kupfuudza mari iyi kuitira kuti vanyori vakawanda vawane chimedu chikuru chepai.
Nekudaro, Mutongi Florence Y Pan akaita seakarova mutsara wekufunga uyu, achiramba kubvuma humbowo hwePenguin Random House kutsigira ichi, achipokana kuti haina kusimbiswa yakazvimirira.
"Mutongi akaramba zvachose uye zvachose nharo yevadziviriri yekugamuchira humbowo uhu," VaCader, vePublishers Lunch, vakadaro.
Ndizvo zvakaitawo Stephen King.
"Paive nemazana ezvinyorwa uye mamwe acho aifambiswa nevanhu vaive nekuravira kwakanyanya," akadaro. “Mabhizinesi iwayo, rimwe nerimwe, aitorwa nevamwe vaparidzi kana kuti akapera basa.”
Nhoroondo yake yekudhinda inotaura nyaya yeindasitiri iri kuramba ichidzorwa nemakambani mashoma. Carrie yakaburitswa naDoubleday, iyo yakazobatanidzwa neKnopf, inova chikamu chePenguin Random House. Viking Press, iyo yakaburitsa mamwe mazita eMambo, yaive chikamu chePenguin, yakazova Penguin Random House muna 2013.
David Enyeart, maneja weSt Paul, kuMinnesota akazvimirira ega Next Chapter Booksellers, anoti kufamba kwenguva refu kuri kuita indasitiri yekubatanidza zvinhu kunoita kuti zviomere kuti manzwi matsva abude uye asvike kuvaverengi muzvitoro nekuti vatsikisi vadiki havakwanise kukwikwidza.
"Ivo vanokwanisa kuita sarudzo dzakazvimiririra dzekuti ndiani wavachashambadzira, asi havakwanise kuparadzira shoko zvine simba sekambani yakadzika muhomwe. Izvi zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya izvo vatengi vanogona kuverenga,” akadaro. "Ndiko kukanganisa chaiko kunoonekwa nemunhu wese."
Vamwe vanoti nyaya iyi yakati tsikinyi pane kubatanidzwa kwemakambani kunobvisa kusiyana kwese uye kusiyana mubhizinesi. Inguva dzakanakisa uye dzakaipisisa dzenguva muindasitiri yemabhuku. Zvinongoenderana nemaonero ako, sekureva kwaMike Shatzkin, CEO wekushambadzira kubvunzana The Idea Logical Company.
"Bhizinesi remabhuku sekuyerwa kwemazita rave kuputika kwemakore makumi maviri," akaudza The Independent. "Bhizinesi remabhuku sezvakayerwa nemadhora rave richikura kwemakore makumi maviri."
Anofungidzira kuti mamwe mazita akapetwa ka40 anowanikwa kupfuura mabhuku anenge hafu yemiriyoni kana kupfuura akadhindwa muna 1990. Kungoti vatsikidzi nezvitoro zvemabhuku zvino vatarisana nemakwikwi kubva kune vanozvidhinda vachishandisa masevhisi akaita seAmazon's Kindle Direct, pamwe chete nevanotsikisa mabhuku avo, ndatenda. kusvika paindaneti, ikozvino vane mukana wakachipa kune imwecheteyo yekudhinda uye yekuchengetera cheni iyo yaimbove inokwanisika kudzimba huru dzekutsikisa.
Mumwe munhu ari kutsvaga kutengesa mabhuku haatombodi zvakawanda zvemuviri zvivakwa zvachose. Vanogona kugamuchira mubhadharo webhuku, vobva vapfuudza odhi yekudhinda nekutumira kuvagoveri vakaita saIngram, vasina kumbobata bhuku pachavo.
Kunyangwe denda harina kukwanisa kutengesa tangi, sekureva kwaPenguin Random House's Mr Dohle. Dhinda mabhuku ekutengesa akakura neinopfuura makumi maviri muzana pakati pa20 na2012-uye imwezve makumi maviri muzana pakati pa2019 na20.
Kuita purofiti munyika umo, VaShatzkin vanofungidzira, angangoita makumi masere muzana emabhuku anotengeswa pamhepo, mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvisingaverengeki, nekukasira kudhinda uye kutumira, vaparidzi vakuru vanogona kurarama chete, anodaro, nekubatanidza uye kuita mari yakavimbika. mabhuku akatodhindwa kubva kumakhathalogi avo ekuseri. Aya mabhuku haadi vatsikisi kuti vaburitse mari yakawanda vachiwana munyori mutsva anovimbisa uye kusimudzira basa ravo.
“Nyika yatiri mairi, iyo yatagara kwemakore 20, ndeyokuti mamiriro ebhizimisi revanodhinda mabhuku ari kuderera, uye kukwanisa kwevabudisi kugadzira bhuku idzva serinopa mari kuri kudzikira, zvikuru; " akati. "Chii chakura kugona kuita mari yakadzama backlists ingadai isina kumbobvira yaitwa mari mumazuva ekare."
Irikuuya kumashure kwekuyedzwa kwekubatanidza iAmazon, iyo inodzora, neimwe kuverenga, inofungidzirwa kuti zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu zvemusika wemabhuku matsva uye akashandiswa muUS, uye Ingram, muparidzi, kambani inodzora ruzhinji rwebhuku rakazvimirira. kuparadzirwa pakati pevaparidzi nevaverengi.
Nemutemo, kubatanidzwa kunopa mukana wehurumende kuti ione kana kambani yakarongwa iine njodzi yekutadza kukwikwidza, asi Amazon yakakwanisa kushandisa mitsara yayo yakawanda yebhizinesi kutsigira bhizinesi remabhuku ari kutinhira rakavakirwa pamazita anopihwa nemitengo yakaderera.
"Sutu iyi yakafanana nekudzingirira chimwe chinhu chakapunyuka kare," Paul Yamazaki, mutengi wemabhuku paSan Francisco institution City Lights Bookstore, akaudza The Independent, akagara pavharanda rine zuva rakafukidzwa nemabhuku. "Dai Dhipatimendi reJustice raizonyatso tarisa izvi, uye kutarisa vakamiririra vaverengi nevanyori, saka vanofanirwa kutarisa kuAmazon."
Zvichisarudzika sekuparara kweStandard Oil nemakambani eBell System, hurumende haiwanzo sarudza kupaza monopolies kunze kwekubatanidzwa.
Kunyangwe nekufambira mberi mukuzvishambadza, e-commerce, uye kubudirira kwezvitoro zvemabhuku eindie mumakore achangopfuura, mazhinji ane boka rinowedzera siyana revatsva veindasitiri uye vanhu veruvara, e-commercification yekutsikisa yaita kuti zviome kune zvidiki zvekutsikirira. kuti mabhuku avo asvike kuvaverengi muzvitoro, VaYamazaki vakadaro.
"Michina yakawanda kwazvo-City Lights, New Direction, Copper Canyon, Coffeehouse-ese akatanga seaya mapurojekiti epamba aine mumwe munhu aive nepfungwa yakanaka uye aingova nedikita netapureta," akadaro. "Tinoda iyo ecology yese kuti ibudirire."
Mune ecology yazvino, zvakadaro, maererano neChitsauko Chinotevera David Enyeart, hove huru dzinoita kunge dziri kukura, dziine mabhenefiti mashoma kune wese wese pasi pekudya kwenguva refu. Hapana kana chimwe chaaigona kufunga nezvekubatana kwacho.
“Zvatichaona mukufamba kwenguva kusiyana kushoma pakupa, chikonzero chishoma chekuti vape zvidzikiso zviri nani uye kuti vawane nzvimbo yezvitoro zvemabhuku zvakazvimirira uye rudzi rwemabhuku atinoda kusimudzira. Ndiyo nyaya chaiyo. Chinhu chenguva refu. Hapana chichachinja zuva nezuva,” akadaro.
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“Izvi ndizvo zvatichamuka mumakore anoverengeka, uye kwasara vaparidzi vaviri, uye vari kutidzvinya zvakasimba.”
Nyaya iyi yakagadziridzwa musi wa23 Nyamavhuvhu 2022. Yakambotaura kuti aimbove muparidzi weSimon & Schuster imprint Gallery Books akapupura panguva yekutongwa kwekubatanidza. Zvisinei, uchapupu hwakabva kumuparidzi wepaGallery iye zvino, Jennifer Bergstrom.
