Zvinoreva kuvapo kweminamato - zvikumbiro mukuita kwekunamatira kwechitendero chakadai sechiIslam, chinoita sechisinganzwisisike zvachose. Maererano nedzidziso yechiIslam, upenyu hwapashure porufu hunofanotemerwa naAllah. Kunyange asati aberekwa, munhu anopiwa rondedzero yezvaachaita munguva yemberi, pasi payo anogona kungosaina chinyararire uye nokubvuma nokuzvininipisa. “Vakakusungirira mumwe nomumwe shiri” (K.17:14), kureva kuti chaanoratidza magumo. MaArabu - mapegani aitenda mujambwa, magumo uye akazvisarudzira nekubhururuka kweshiri (auspices). Mohammed haana kukwanisa kubvisa rusaruro rwechipegani urwu uye akasarudza kuisa mumuromo maMwari mashoko emuArab aitenda mashura. MuMuslim "akatendeka" anotarisira nekuzvininipisa izvo Allah achada kugadzirira muranda wake anoteerera, angave akanaka kana akaipa: "Hapana chakanaka kana chakaipa chichatiwira munyika yepasi, kunze kweizvo Allah vakatiraira. Tinozvininipisa pamberi pekufanotemerwa kwake” (K.9:51). Panguva imwe cheteyo, Islam ichiri kucherechedza rusununguko rune mwero rwekuda kumunhu: “Dai Ishe vako, O Muporofita, vaida, vanhu vaizova nechitendero chimwe chete, uye vaizoteerera Allah nehunhu hwavo, sengirozi, asi Samasimba dai izvi, asi akavapa rusununguko rwokuzvisarudzira” (K.11:118), “Allah akada… kuti muve nokugona kusarudza” (K.16:93). Pakutanga kuona, pane kumwe kufanana pakati pemakokotesheni eQur'an nedzidziso yechiKristu yekuzvisarudzira. Asi handizvo. MuIslam, zvinotendwa kuti munhu anoita sarudzo yake kubva pane rondedzero yezvisarudzo, imwe neimwe yakatotemerwa naAllah. Kureva kuti, munhu pachake anosarudza nzira yake yeupenyu, ingava: upenyu - rufu, kutenda - kusatenda, chiedza - rima, zvakanaka - zvakaipa, asi zvose izvi zvisarudzo zvakagara zvakatemerwa naAllah, kana, izvo zvakafanana, ndezvake. kuda. "Tiri kumhanya kubva kune zvakafanotemerwa kuenda kune zvakafanotemerwa," akadaro Omar ibn Khattab.
Izvi zvinonyatso ratidzwa nenyaya yaAli. “Pane imwe nguva Khazret Ali (Dai Allah Samasimba vamufadze!) Akanga akazorora mumumvuri wemadziro akanga oda kudhirika. Pakarepo akasimuka ndokupinda mumumvuri worumwe rusvingo, rwakachengeteka zvikuru. Vafambidzani vakabva vamubvunza kuti: “Iwe Ali! Uri kunzvenga izvo Allah vakakugadzirira iwe here?” Akavapindura kuti: “Ndinotsvaka hutiziro musimba raAllah kubva kumugumo wavakandigadzirira, kureva kuti, ndinotiza pane chimwe chiitiko kuti ndiwane chimwe. Kana rusvingo rukawira pandiri ndikakuvara, saka ndiwo unenge uri mutongo usingachinji waAllah uye nekufanotemerwa Kwavo, uye kubva pandakasiya nzvimbo ine njodzi ndikanzvenga kuchekwa, zvino zvakatenderwa kwandiri uye, naizvozvo, ndizvo zvakare. chirevo chisingachinji. Allah uye kufanotemerwa kwavo.
Kureva kuti, kwese kunoenda munhu, kwese kwese anowira mumambure ezvakatemerwa naAllah: “Hapana kana nhamo imwe chete ichawira muranda wa Allah pasina mvumo Yake uye kufanotemerwa” (K.64:11). Rusununguko rwemunhu runozviratidza chaizvo panguva yekusarudza pakati penzira dzakafanotemerwa. Ichokwadi, nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, vaMuslim havabatanidzi kuratidzwa kwezvakaipa zvakadai se: kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka, kudhakwa uye upfambi nekufanorongerwa kwaAllah. Kunyangwe, maererano nedzidziso yavo pachavo, zvese zvinoenda kune izvi. Kunyange Korani inotaura pamusoro peizvi: "Hapana dambudziko richarova pasi: kusanaya kwemvura, kushayikwa kwezvibereko, nezvimwewo, uye hazvizorove mweya yenyu: hurwere, urombo, rufu, nezvimwewo, kunze kwekunge zvakafanotemerwa naAllah ... tisati taunza. kuti urarame panyika uye mumweya yenyu. Kufanotemerwa kwedambudziko, ruzivo rwayo kuna Allah rwakareruka kwazvo uye haruunzi dambudziko ”(K.57:22). Zvechokwadi, kana tikatora mamiriro ezvinhu aripo iye zvino, zvino, zvechokwadi, zvinoitika kuti munhu pachake anoita sarudzo, somuenzaniso, kana kutadza nehure kana kuti kwete. Asi kana tikadzokera kumabviro echivi ichi, kureva kuti pasati pava nechifeve (tiri kufunga nezvechipfambi chekare, kwete chemuprista kana chimwewo zvacho), tichaona kuti mukadzi wekutanga anosarudza kuita izvi achiri kuita sarudzo kubva. sarudzo dzinoverengeka (kusarudza nzira iyi yekuwana mari kana kwete, kunyangwe sarudzo isina kuitwa naye), hongu, yakafanotemerwa naAllah. Nokudaro tinowana mhedziso yokuti kuonekwa kwezvivi zvakasiyana-siyana sechipfambi ndiko kufanotemerwa kwaAllah, kureva kuda kwake. Uye kunyangwe maMuslim pachavo vachiona izvi sezvisina musoro, Korani inotaura zvakajeka kuti ndiAllah akaraira vamwe vanhu kuita zvakaipa zvekuti vakatsauka kubva munzira yakatwasuka, uye nekuda kweizvi iye pachake akavaparadza. Uye kuparadzwa kwevanhu uku, chekutanga, kwakafanotemerwa naAllah, uye chechipiri, kwaive kutaura kwechido chavo: “Uye apo Isu, maererano nekufanotemerwa Kwedu (yakadhindwa - munyori), takanyorwa muHwendefa Rakachengetedzwa (al-Laukh al- Mahfuz), aida kuparadza vagari vemumusha mukururamisira uye maererano nekuda Kwedu. Takaraira avo vakapihwa makomborero mairi, uye vakaita huipi uye vakatsauka kubva munzira yakatwasuka, uye vamwe vakavatevera vasina kufunga, vachirasika. Nokudaro, vose vaifanira kurangwa, uye Takaparadza musha uyu zvachose ”(K.17:16).
Pane, zvakadaro, kumwe kuedza kugadzirisa dambudziko rekupa rakagadzirwa naMuhammad. Vamwe vevamiriri vevazivisi vechiMuslim (Yasin Rasulov), vachiedza neimwe nzira kunyararidza chiitiko ichi chisingafadzi nekufanorongerwa, vanochitsanangura mupfungwa yekugadzwa (kufanotemerwa) naAllah yemitemo yepasirese. Kureva kuti, kufanotemerwa (kufanorongerwa) kunorangarirwa sokusadzivisika kwomumwe mutemo wechisiko. Somuenzaniso, munhu anosarudza kuzvikanda mugomba rakadzika-dzika. Anosvetukira mukati obva afa. Kufa kwake munyaya iyi kunoonekwa kwakafanotemerwa naAllah kuburikidza nemirairo yekukwezva yakagadzwa (yakafanotemerwa) naye. Kureva kuti, munhu anozvisarudzira (kuratidzwa kwerusununguko rwekusarudza) uye anotyorwa nekuda kwekusadzivirika kwemitemo yechisikigo yakagadzwa naAllah (kufanotemerwa). Zvakare, kana akasvetukira ipapo neparachuti, kutiza kwake kunofanotemerwa naAllah nekuda kwemitemo yakakodzera. Kana achifamba pasi, kufamba kwake kunofanotemerwa nekuda kwekusadzivirirwa kwemitemo yekufamba, nezvimwewo Asi kuenda, kumhanya kana kusvetuka - sarudzo inoitwa nemunhu.
Zvinofanira kufungidzirwa kuti munhu anobhururuka pa roketi anokunda iyo yakatemerwa mitemo yekukwezva kuburikidza nemimwe mitemo yemakanika yakafanotemerwa naAllah. Bhomba muHiroshima rakapisa zvese zvipenyu nekuda kwekusadzivirika kwakafanotemerwa kwemitemo yefizikisi yenyukireya. Doro rinodonhedza munhu pasi nekuda kwekusadzivirika kwakafanorongwa kwemitemo yemhedzisiro yedoro pamuviri wemunhu. LSD inopenga nekuda kwemaitiro anofambirana akafanotemerwa naAllah, nezvimwewo. Zvinozoonekwa kuti munhu anoita sarudzo, uye Allah vanoishandisa. Muchiitiko ichi, mhosva inowira vose, uye hapana ane kodzero yekutora basa remutongi maererano nemumwe.
Muchidimbu, zvirongwa zvakadaro zvinogona kugadzirwa nokusingaperi, asi chokwadi chiripi? Uye chokwadi chakagara chaziviswa kunyika mumashoko anoti: “Mwari akasika munhu … nomufananidzo waMwari … akamusika nomufananidzo waMwari” (Gen. 1:27; 5:1). Ndiko kuti, munhu akasikwa ari mutsvene uye achivavarira kunaka uye akasununguka chose chose, sezvo Musiki wake akasununguka. Uye nhau inokura kwete munzira iyo Mwari anofanoisarudza nayo, asi nenzira iyo munhu amene “anozvisarudzira” nayo, mukuwirirana nokushandisa rusununguko rwokusarudza rwaanoita.
Nenzira, Islam inodzidzisa kuti kana ikashandiswa zvisina kutenderwa nemunhu wekuzvisarudzira, icho chose chiri chipo chaAllah uye chiri chake chete, anonyima munhu chipo ichi uye anoita nechivi chisina simba-chido paari. kungwara kwake.
Chipi? Munhu anogona kungofungidzira. Sezvo "kana munhu akaishandisa (chipo chekuzvisarudzira - ed.) zvisizvo, haazadzise magumo ake epamusoro (zvichida, haasi muMuslim - ed.), saka kuvapo kwemunhu akadaro kunorasikirwa nerevo yese"93 . Kureva kuti mutadzi anonyimwa rusununguko rwokuzvisarudzira okandwa chinyararire mumurwi wemarara evanhu vasina tariro uye “vasina kutendeka.” Nokudaro, rusununguko rwokuzvisarudzira rwomunhu harugari uye runongoitika nguva nenguva! Uye izvi zvisinei nekuti Islam inoramba ichidzokorora nezverumwe rudzi rwekupfidza, izvo zvine chekuita nemaMuslim chete, nekuti "Uyo anogamuchira kutendeuka ndiAt-Tawwab (zita rechi80)" - Allah: "Zvino, pawakatendeuka pachivi chako. uye akakumbira Allah ruregerero kwaari (mhuru), isu takakuregererai uye takakuregererai ”(K.2:52). Kune vamwe vese, kutendeuka kunongori mukugamuchirwa kweIslam. Asi maererano neKorani imwe cheteyo, kupfidza hakubviri kune vatadzi, "Nokuti Allah akanyima tsitsi dzake uye akamutungamirira kubva panzira yakarurama, hauzombokwanisi kumutungamirira kunzira yakarurama" ( K.4: 88 ). . Anogona kungofungidzira kuti sei Allah ane tsitsi netsitsi, uyo, “kana aida, aigona kutungamira mweya wose kugwara rakarurama” (K.32:13), zvisinei akafanoronga kuti vatsauswe kubva muiyi nzira yakarurama uye “vave vachitungidza nokuda kwehero yomwoto”? ( K.3:10 ) Somuuyo, “takava nechokwadi chokuti Allah ane simba pamusoro pedu, kupi kana kupi kwatingava pasi pano, uye hatizoponeswi mukufanotemerwa Kwake ( sub. – ed.) kupfurikidza nokutizira kudenga” ( K. K.72:12).
Izvi hazvina kukwana. Maererano nemafungiro echiIslam, Allah ndiye musiki wezviitiko zvese pasi pano (zvose zvakanaka nezvakaipa), pamwe nezviito zvese nezviito zvemunhu wese uye chero chisikwa (zvose zvakanaka nezvakaipa) kusvika panguva ino. Kureva kuti, zvaari musiki wezvakanaka nezvakaipa, mupfungwa chaiyoiyo ndiye musiki asingaperi wenhau yevanhu. “Nhoroondo yepasi rose idambudziko risingaperi, kunyangwe kukunda kwevasingatendi kunoitika maererano nekuda kwaMwari”94. “Mwari haangochengetedzi nyika chete, asi anoisika chaizvo nguva iri yose, anoisika zvakare uyezve, zvokuti munguva imwe neimwe inotevera chinhu chipi nechipi, munhu upi noupi, munhu mumwe nomumwe akasiyana, akasiyana, akasiyana. Nyika yakasikwa haina kana hukama hweontology. Kwete bedzi kupfurikidza nokugovera, asi kupfurikidza nechisiko chisingagumi icho chimene, anotsamira pana Mwari. Pakati pechiito nemigumisiro yacho, Mwari anogadza chete kubatana kwetsika, tsika, asi Iye akasununguka chero nguva kuputsa kubatana uku, kuchinja zvose. Saizvozvowo, zviito zvevanhu hazvina chokwadi chemukati cheontological: “Mwari akasika imi nemabasa emaoko enyu” ( K.37:96 ), inodaro Koran, uye Sunni Islam inonzwisisa chaizvoizvo mashoko aya. Mwari anosika nenzira yakananga chiito chiri chose chomunhu, mose muri muviri muhwaro hwacho nomuzvarirwo zvayo zvetsika. Kureva, chero chitadzo uye chero huipi, mumusimboti, zvinogona kunyorwa kunze kwekuda kwaAllah, uyo akaita izvi. Idi rokuti zvose zvakanaka nezvakaipa zvakafanotemerwa (zvakafanotemerwa) naAllah rinotaurwa muQur’an muchinyorwa chakajeka: “Nokudaro vanorasikirwa norugare rwavo rwendangariro muupenyu hwapasi, urwo runobva mukutenda muna Allah akafanotemerwa (chakanaka nechakaipa)” (K.22:11). Izvi zvinotsinhirwawo nevazivisi vechiIslam: “Allah vakasika zvose zvakanaka izvo Zvavanotendera nezvakaipa zvavanoshorwa nazvo. Avo vanotenda kuti Allah vakasika zvakanaka chete, uye zvakaipa zvakasikwa naSatani (Satani), vakarasika, nekuti hakungavi ne“Vasiki vaviri”. Zvose zvakanaka nezvakaipa zvakasikwa naAllah.
Notes:
92.Ali Apsheroni. Izvo zvakakosha zveIslam Worldview.httr://scbooks.shat.ru
93.Ali Apsheroni. Izvo zvakakosha zveIslam Worldview.httr://scbooks.shat.ru
94.Eliade M. Nhoroondo yekutenda uye pfungwa dzechitendero. Vhoriyamu 3: Kubva kuna Mohammed kuenda kuReformation. Chitsauko 33: Mohammed uye Kusimuka kweIslam. http//www/gumer.info/
95.AD Redkozubov. Tsika dzinodiwa kumunhu muIslam nechiKristu: ongororo yekuenzanisa. https://rusk.ru/
96.Vaporofita. Kutenda kwechokwadi kutenda kwemadzitateguru edu. . ru/Server/Iman/Maktaba/Tarikh/proroki.dos
Kwakabva: Chitsauko 8. Rites muIslam - Sharia isingatarisirwi [Chinyorwa] / Mikhail Rozhdestvensky. – [Moscow: bi], 2011. – 494, [2] p.
Mufananidzo wechikwereti: Markus Spiske / unsplash
