Chili mhiripiri, mushonga wemanyepo, mafuta, goridhe, pfuti, vanhu, nezvimwe zviri kutengeswa kuburikidza nenzira dzemamireniyuta dzekutengesa dziri kuyambuka Sahel, uye UN nevadyidzani vari kuyedza nzira nyowani, dzekubatana dzekudzivisa avo vanoedza kuita zvisiri pamutemo, a. dambudziko riri kukura munharaunda iyi yeAfrica isina kusimba.
Mune yekutanga yenhevedzano yezvimiro zvinoongorora kurwisa kutengeswa muSahel, UN News inotarisa zvakanyanya kuti chii chiri kukonzera kukura kwechiitiko ichi.
Dandemutande rekutengesa rakarukwa rakarukwa mhiri kweSahel, iyo inotora makiromita angangoita 6,000 kubva kuAtlantic Ocean kusvika kuGungwa Dzvuku, uye inogara vanhu vanopfuura mamirioni mazana matatu, muBurkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Gambia, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, neSenegal.
Sahel inotsanangurwa neUN sea dunhu riri mudambudziko: avo vanogara imomo vanobatwa nekusachengeteka kusingaperi, kuvhunduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kukakavara, kupandukira, uye kuwedzera kwematsotsi nemagandanga network. Masangano eUN anotarisira izvozvo kupfuura vanhu mamiriyoni 37 vachada rubatsiro rwevanhu muna 2023, vangangoita mamirioni matatu kupfuura muna 3.
Kusunungura kuchengeteka
Kuchengetedzwa kwagara kuri nyaya mudunhu iri, asi mamiriro ezvinhu akadzikira zvakanyanya muna 2011, zvichitevera kupindira kwemauto kuLibya kwakatungamirwa neNATO, izvo zvakakonzera kusagadzikana kwenyika.
Mhirizhonga yakatevera, uye miganhu isina kujeka yakamisa kuedza kumisa kuyerera kusiri pamutemo, uye vatengesi vaitakura pfuti dzakapambwa dzeLibya vakapinda muSahel vakapfeka zvipfeko zvevapanduki uye kupararira kwougandanga.
Mapoka ane zvombo zvino anodzora swathes yeLibhiya, iyo yave a traffic hub. Kutyisidzira kwemagandanga kwawedzera, neboka reIslamic State (ISIL) rine mukurumbira kupinda mudunhu muna 2015, maererano neUN Security Council Executive Directorate (CTED) yeCounter-Terrorism Committee.
Misika mhiri kweSahel inogona kuwanikwa ichitengesa pachena zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva kumishonga yemanyepo kusvika kupfuti dzeAK. Kutengesa mishonga inowanzouraya, inofungidzirwa kuuraya 500,000 70 vemuAfrica vari kumaodzanyemba kweSahara gore rimwe nerimwe; muchiitiko chimwe chete, vana makumi manomwe vekuGambia vakafa muna 2022 mushure mekudya sirapu yechikosoro. Mafuta ndechimwe chinhu chinotengeswa nevatambi vakuru - mapoka emagandanga, matsotsi network, uye mauto emuno.
Kuvhara mikoto yeutsotsi
Kuti varwise kutengeserana uye kumwe kutyisidzira kuri kuitika, boka renyika dziri mudunhu - Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, neChad - rakaumbwa, ne rutsigiro rweUN, The Joint Force of the Group of Five yeSahel (G5 Sahel).
Zvichakadaro, kushandira pamwe nekudzvanyirira huori kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera. Zviremera zvenyika zvakatora matani ezvakatengeswa, uye matanho ekutonga akabvisa network. Kudyidzana, senge ichangobva kusaina Chibvumirano cheCôte d'Ivoire-Nigeria, vari kurwisa kutengeswa kwezvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo.
Hofisi yeUN pamusoro pezvinodhaka uye mhosva (UNODC) mutambi anotungamira mukuyedza kusimbisa kuchengetedzeka nekumisa kuyedza kutengesa.
Muna 2020, semuenzaniso, KAFO II, a UNODC-INTERPOL kushanda, zvakabudirira kudzima nzira inotengeswa nemagandanga yaienda kuSahel, mapurisa achitora zvinhu zvakawanda zvakapambwa: pfuti 50, tsvimbo 40,593 6,162, zvombo 1,473 2,263, makirogiramu 60,000 ecannabis nekhat, mabhokisi XNUMX XNUMX emafuta emafuta, marita matanhatu. .
Mabasa anorwadza akadai seKAFO II anopa ruzivo rwakakosha mukutengesa kunowedzera kuoma uye kupindirana, kuratidza kukosha kwekubatanidza madota pakati pemhosva dzehutsotsi dzinosanganisira pfuti nemagandanga munyika dzakasiyana siyana, uye kutora nzira yedunhu.
Kuparadza huori
Maonero aya anotsigirwa muchikamu chemishumo mitsva yeUNODC, kuronga vatambi, vanogonesa, nzira, uye huwandu hwekutengesa, zvinoburitsa tambo dzakafanana pakati pekusagadzikana uye mhirizhonga, uye inopa kurudziro yekuita.
Imwe yenyaya idzi ihuwori, uye mishumo inoda kuti matare edzimhosva asimbiswe. Hurongwa hwemajeri hunodawo kubatanidzwa, sezvo nzvimbo dzehusungwa dzinogona kuita "yunivhesiti yevapari vemhosva" kuwedzera network yavo.
"Mhosva dzakarongeka dziri kudzvinyirirwa nekusagadzikana uye zvakare kukanganisa kugadzikana nebudiriro muSahel," anodaro François Patuel, mukuru weUNODC Research and Awareness Unit. "Kubatanidza kuedza uye kutora nzira yedunhu kuchaita kuti ubudirire mukugadzirisa hutsotsi hwakarongwa mudunhu."
Dambudziko rinounza 'kutyisidzira pasi rose'
Kurwisa hutsotsi hwakarongwa imbiru huru muhondo yakakura yekugadzirisa dambudziko rekuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda, iro UN Munyori Mukuru-General Antonio Guterres yakataura kuti inotyisidzira pasi rose.
"Kana pasina chakaitwa, mhedzisiro yehugandanga, mhirizhonga yechisimba, uye hutsotsi hwakarongwa huchanzwika kure kupfuura dunhu neAfrica," VaGuterres vakayambira muna 2022. nhamburiko dziripo.”
Iyo UN inotsigira sei vanhu veSahel
- Hofisi yeUN yeMumiriri Mukuru weHuman Rights (OHCHR) akapa kutsigira zvakananga kuG5 Sahel Force kushandisa uye kuita matanho ekuderedza kukuvadzwa kwevanhu uye kupindura kune kutyorwa.
- UNODC inogara ichijoinha nyika nepasirese vanodyidzana, kusanganisira INTERPOL, kuvhunga nzira dzekugovera.
- Sangano reInternational Organisation for Migration (IOM) chirongwa chekupindura dambudziko ine chinangwa chekusvika vangangoita 2 miriyoni vanhu vakakanganisika pavanenge vachigadzirisa zvikonzero zvekusagadzikana, paine tarisiro chaiyo yekuyambuka muganhu fragility.
- WHO yakatanga chirongwa chikumbiro chokukurumidzira kutsigira zvirongwa zvehutano mudunhu muna 2022, uye inoshanda nevabatsiri vehutano mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu munyika nhanhatu.
- Iyo UN Integrated Strategy yeSahel (UNISS) inopa gwara rekuedza-pasi-pasi munyika gumi.
- The UN Support Plan nokuti Sahel inoramba ichikurudzira kuwirirana uye kurongeka kwekushanda kwakanyanya uye kuunza migumisiro ine chokuita neUNISS framework, maererano neSecurity Council. chisarudzo 2391.
© UNICEF/Gilbertson - Mauto eNigerien anotenderera mugwenga reSahara achinangana nemapoka emauto anosanganisira ISIL neBoko Haram.
