Kubva kuCleopatra kusvika kuRazia Sultan, nhoroondo yakazara nevakadzi vane simba vakazvidza tsika dzenguva yavo. Asi makambonzwa nezvaMambokadzi Kubaba? Mutongi weSumer akapoteredza 2500 BC, anogona kunge ari wekutanga kunyorwa mutongi wechikadzi munhoroondo yekare. Mambokadzi Kubaba (Ku-Baba) munhu anonakidza munhoroondo yeMesopotamian, anofungidzirwa kuti akatonga guta-nyika yeKish mumireniyamu yechitatu BC. Mumwe wevatungamiriri vechikadzi vekutanga munhoroondo, nyaya yake chikamu chakakosha chepuzzle yekunzwisisa basa revakadzi munharaunda dzekare, anonyora Mavambo Ekare.
Kuba uye mazita emadzimambo
Zita raKubaba rinowanikwa mune rondedzero inozivikanwa se "King List", inova ndiyo chete yakanyorwa rekodhi yekutonga kwake. Rondedzero ndiyo chaiyo iyo zita rinoratidzira - runyorwa rwemadzimambo eSumerian. Rinotaura muchidimbu nguva yekutonga kwemunhu mumwe nemumwe uye guta raitonga mutongi. Pachirongwa ichi anonzi “lugal”, kana kuti mambo, kwete “eresh” (mudzimai wamambo). Parondedzero iyi yakazara, rake ndiro chete zita rechikadzi rinopupurirwa mariri.
Kubaba mumwe wevakadzi vashoma kwazvo vakambotonga vari vega munhoroondo yeMesopotamia. Mazhinji mavhezheni erondedzero yamambo anomuisa ega mudzinza rake, Dzinza rechitatu raKishi, zvichitevera kukundwa kwaSharrumiter weMari, asi dzimwe shanduro dzinomubatanidza nedzinza rechina, iro rakatevera ukuru hwamambo weAkshaki. Asati ave mambo, rondedzero yamambo inoti aive mudzimai.
The Weidner Chronicle itsamba inoparadzira, ichiedza kuendesa shrine yaMarduk kuBabironi kusvika panguva yekutanga, uye ichida kuratidza kuti mumwe nemumwe wemadzimambo akange aregeredza tsika dzavo dzakakodzera akange arasikirwa nehukuru hweSumer. Iine nhoroondo pfupi yekusimuka kwe "imba yeKuba" inoitika mukutonga kwaPuzur-Nirah weAkshak:
“Panguva yokutonga kwaPuzuri-Nira mambo weAkisaki, varedzi vehove dzemvura yakachena veEsagira vakanga vachibata hove dzezvokudya zvamambo mukuru Marduki; varanda vamambo vakatora hove. Mubati wehove aibata hove apo mazuva manomwe (kana masere) akange apfuura […] mumba maKubaba, muchengeti wetavern […] wavakauya naye kuEsagila. Panguva iyoyo BROKEN[7] patsva kuna Esagila […] Kubaba akapa muredzi chingwa uye akapa mvura, akaita kuti ape hove kuna Esagila. Marduk, mambo, muchinda weApsû, akamufarira ndokuti: “Ngazvive zvakadaro!” Akapa Kubaba, muchengeti wetavern, uchangamire pamusoro penyika yose. "
Mwanakomana wake Puzur-Suen nemuzukuru Ur-Zababa vakamutevera pachigaro cheSumer sedzinza rechina raKish parunyorwa rwamambo, mune mamwe makopi sevateveri vake chaivo, mune mamwe aine dzinza reAkshak richipindira. Ur-Zababa anozivikanwawo samambo anonzi ari kutonga muSumer panguva yehudiki hwaSargon Mukuru weAkkad, uyo nemauto akaunza zvakawanda zveNear East pasi pesimba rake nguva pfupi yakatevera.
Ku-Baba, “mukadzi muchengeti weimba yevaeni akasimbisa nheyo dzaKishi,” anonzi akatonga kwamakore 100. Zvinobata pano ndezvekuti rondedzero haisi iyo yakavimbika yenhoroondo sosi. Anowanzodzima mutsara pakati penhoroondo nengano. Muenzaniso weizvi izita raEnmen-lu-ana, uyo anonzi akatonga kwemakore 43,200 100! Kana kutonga kwaKubaba pachayo, izvo zvinoratidza kuti aive nemakore asingafungidzirwe XNUMX ari kutungamirira Sumer! Panguva imwecheteyo, pane mukana wekuti pfungwa yakadudzirwa yenguva yakasiyana nehurongwa hwatinotevera nhasi. Muchengeti weimba yevaeni akachinja mwarikadzi? Padivi pezita raKubaba rakanyorwa kuti "Mukadzi Weimba Yevaeni Akamisa Nheyo dzaKish." Kusimuka kwaKubaba kusimba muKish kwakafukidzwa nechakavanzika, asi zvinobvumwa kuti aive muchengeti weimba yevaeni, izvo zvinogona kunge zvine chekuita nechipfambi maererano nezvinyorwa zvekare zveSumerian. Guta reKishi raizivikanwa nehupfumi hwaro nesimba uye rakaita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira budiriro yeMesopotamia. Nyanzvi dzinozivikanwa dzezvekudzokororwa kwevakadzi, dzakadai saClaudia E. Suter semuenzaniso, dzakanyora kuti Kubaba dzimwe nguva aizivikanwa semuchengeti wepfambi, nzira yekumuzvidza uye kuratidza "mabatirwo evakadzi munharaunda yeMesopotamia yaitongwa nevarume". Mukupesana, kubika nokutengesa doro munyika yekare yeMesopotamia rakanga riri basa rinoremekedzwa zvikuru. Paive nekubatana kwekare pakati pehumwari hwechikadzi uye doro, uye maererano nenyanzvi yezvechitendero Carol R. Fontaine, Kubaba aizoonekwa so“mukadzi webhizimisi anobudirira.” Yakarasika ye4,500-year-old palace yamambo wengano weSumerian akawana Anonzi anga aine mutsa uye akarurama kune vatengi vake, achimuwanira mukurumbira semunhu ane mutsa. Nekufamba kwenguva mukurumbira wake wakawedzera uye akatanga kunamatwa samwarikadzi. Izvi zvinotsanangura kukwira kwake kudenga samambokadzi, sezvo asina kuroorwa namambo, uye haana kugara nhaka simba kubva kumubereki. Hwendefa recuneiform remuSumer yekare rinoratidza kukosha kwedoro mu upfumi uye nzanga yeMesopotamia yekare.
Pane ngano yokuti vatongi ivavo vasina kukudza mwari Marduk nezvipiriso zvehove mutemberi yaEsagila vakaguma vaguma vasingafadzi. Kubaba anotenda kuti akadyisa mubati wehove uye mukudzoka akamukumbira kuti ape hove dzake kutemberi yeEsagila. Kunzwira tsitsi kwaMarduk mukupindura hakushamisi: “Ngazvive zvakadaro,” akadaro mwari wacho, uye naizvozvo “akaronzesa Kubaba, muchengeti weimba yavaeni, uchangamire pamusoro penyika yose.” Mamwe manyuko anokarakadza kuti akanga ari mutezo weimba yaitonga yaKishi uye kuti akagara nhaka chigaro choumambo kuna baba vake. Vamwe vanotaura kuti akanga ari mukadziwo zvake akamuka pamasimba kupfurikidza nekwaniso yake amene netsitsi. Chero chokwadi, Kubaba aive mutungamiri anoshamisa akasiya chiratidzo chisingaperi panaKish. Zvakabudirira zveMambokadzi Kubaba Muchinyakare chekare cheSumerian, umambo hwakanga husina kusungirirwa kune yakagadziriswa guta guru, asi pane kutama kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo, yakapiwa nevamwari veguta uye yakatamiswa pakuda kwavo. Pamberi paQubaba, anove ega nhengo yeTatu Dynasty yaKish, guta guru raive kuMari kweanopfuura zana uye rakatamira kuAkshak mushure meQubaba. Nekudaro, mwanakomana waKubaba Puzer-Suen nemuzukuru Ur-Zababa vakatamisa guta racho kwenguva pfupi kuKish. Facade yeTemberi yeInanna muUruk, Iraq. Mwari wechikadzi achidurura mvura inopa upenyu.
Chimwe chezvakakosha zvikuru zveKubaba kwaiva kuvaka temberi yakatsaurirwa kuna mwarikadzi Inanna. Temberi iyi yaive pakati peKishi uye yaive imwe yenzvimbo dzechitendero dzakanyanya kukosha mudunhu iri. Kubaba anotenda kuti anga ari munamati akazvipira weInanna uye temberi chiratidzo chezvitendero zvake zvechitendero uye maitiro. Masikirwo Akaitwa Zvisikwa Zvose Anonzi akawedzera dunhu raKishi kuburikidza nekutevedzana kwemauto ehondo akabatsira kumisa Kishi sesimba guru mudunhu iri. Simba remauto raQubaba raive chinhu chakakosha mukutonga kwake uye rakabatsira kuve nechokwadi chekuti anoramba achitonga pamusoro paKishi. Nei kutonga kwake kwakaguma? Kubaba akatarisana nekupikiswa kubva kumatunhu emaguta uye kubva kuKish pachayo. Vamwe vanoti akakundwa nevanhu vake, nepo mamwe maakaunzi ari nani anoratidza kuti akabvisa chigaro uye aenda zvake ega.
Mufananidzo: Iyo Sumerian King Rondedzero yakanyorwa paWeld-Blundell Prism, ine chinyorwa / Ruzhinji Domain
