NaSt. Vincentius weLerin,
kubva basa rake rinoshamisa renhoroondo "Memorial Book of the Antiquity and Universality of the Congregational Faith"
Chapter 4
Asi kuitira kuti zvatataura zvijeke, zvinofanira kuenzanisirwa nemienzaniso yakasiyana uye kupiwa muudzame hushoma, kuitira kuti mukuronda kwedu kupfupika kwakanyanyisa, shoko rokukurumidzira rinofanira kubvisa ukoshi hwezvinhu.
Munguva yaDonatus, kunobva zita rokuti “VaDonatists”, apo chikamu chikuru chevanhu muAfrica chakanga chamhanyira pakuputika kwechikanganiso chavo, apo, vachikanganwa zita, kutenda, kureurura, vakanga vaisa kuzvidza kwokusangwarira kwomumwe. munhu pamberi peChechi yaKristu, ipapo, muAfrica yose, avo bedzi, vachizvidza kusawirirana kwakashata, vakanga vapinda muChechi yapasi rose, vaigona kuzvichengeta vamene vasina kukuvadzwa munzvimbo tsvene yokutenda kworuremekedzo; ivo zvirokwazvo vakasiira kuzvizvarwa muenzaniso, kuti gare gare nekuchenjera kuisa utano hwemuviri wose pamberi pehupenzi hweumwe, kana kupfuura vashoma. Zvakare, apo chepfu yeArian yakanga yabata, kwete imwe kona, asi inenge nyika yose, zvokuti rima rakanga rafukidza pfungwa dzeanenge mabhishopi ose anotaura chiLatin, achitungamirirwa nechisimba, pamwe nekunyengera, uye akavadzivisa kusarudza. inzira ipi yekutevera mukuvhiringidzika uku - zvino iye chete aida uye ainamata Kristu zvechokwadi uye akaisa kutenda kwekare pamusoro pehunyengeri hutsva akaramba asina kusvibiswa nekutapukira kunobva mukumubata.
Ngozi dzenguva yacho dzakaratidza zvakajeka zvikuru kuti kutangwa kwedzidziso itsva kwaigona kuuraya. Nokuti ipapo kwete zvinhu zviduku chete zvakaputsika, asiwo zvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru. Kwete chete hama, ukama hweropa, ushamwari, mhuri, asiwo maguta, vanhu, mapurovhinzi, marudzi, uye pakupedzisira Umambo hwose hweRoma hwakazununguswa ndokuzununguswa kunheyo dzahwo. Nekuti mushure meiyo yakashata Arian innovation, senge Bellona kana kutsamwa, yakatanga kutora mambo, ndokuzoisa pasi pemitemo mitsva uye nevanhu vese vepamusoro mumuzinda, haina kurega kusanganisa nekuvhiringidza zvese, zvakavanzika uye pachena, zvitsvene nokumhura, kuti tirege kutsaura pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa, asi kurova waanoda kubva pakakwirira panzvimbo yake. Ipapo vadzimai vaibatwa chibharo, chirikadzi dzaitukwa, mhandara dzaizvidzwa, dzimba dzemamongi dzakaparadzwa, vafundisi vakatambudzwa, madhikoni akazvamburwa, vaprista vakadzingwa; majeri, makomba, uye migodhi yakanga yakatsvikinyidzana nevarume vatsvene, vazhinji vavo, pashure pokunge varambidzwa kupinda mumaguta, vakadzingwa nokudzingwa, vakawira pamusoro, vakaparadzwa, uye vakaparadzwa nokushama, nzara, nenyota pakati pemarenje, mapako, mhuka. uye matombo. Uye zvese izvi hazviitike here nekuti dzidziso yekudenga yabviswa nekutenda mashura, ekare, yakamira panheyo dzakasimba, inoputswa netsvina itsva, dzakasimbiswa dzakare dzinoshorwa, zvakatemwa nemadzitateguru zvakabviswa, zvakatemwa zve madzitateguru edu anoshanduka kuita guruva neguruva, uye mafashoni ekuda kuziva kutsva kwakashata haana kuchengetwa mukati memiganhu isina mhosva yekare yakacheneswa uye isina kushatiswa?
Chapter 5
Asi pamwe isu tinogadzira izvi neruvengo rwezvitsva uye rudo rwekare? Ani naani anofunga kudaro, ngaadavire Ambrose akakomborerwa, uyo mubhuku rake rechipiri kuna mambo Gratian, iye amene achichema nguva inosuruvarisa, kuti: “Asi zvakakwana, O Mwari Wamasimba ose, takasuka noutapwa hwedu timene nohwedu. ropa kuuraya vareurura, vakatapwa vevapristi uye kuipa kwehuipi hukuru uhu. Zvakajeka zvakakwana kuti avo vakasvibisa kutenda havagoni kuchengetedzwa.' Uye zvakare mubhuku rechitatu rebasa rimwe chetero: “Ngatichengetei mirairo yamadzitateguru uye tisatya kuputsa nokusangwarira kwakakomba zvisimbiso zvakagarwa nhaka kubva kwavari. Iro Bhuku rakanamwa reChiporofita, kana vakuru, kana masimba, kana ngirozi, kana ngirozi huru vakashinga kuzarura: Kristu oga ndiye akachengeterwa kodzero yekutanga kuitsanangura. Ndiani pakati pedu angatsunga kupaza chisimbiso cheBhuku reHupirisita, rakanamwa nevareurura uye rakacheneswa nekuuraiwa kwevasiri umwe kana vaviri? Vamwe vakamanikidzwa kuisunungura, asi ndokuisimbisazve, vachishora kubiridzira kwacho; uye avo vasina kuita ushingi hwekurisvibisa vakava vareurura uye vafiri kutendeka. Tingaramba sei kutenda kwevaya vatinozivisa kukunda kwavo?' Uye zvirokwazvo tinozviparidza, Ambrose anoremekedzwa! Zvirokwazvo tinomuzivisa uye, tichimurumbidza, tinoshamiswa naye! Ndiani, zvino, benzi zvokuti, kunyange asina simba rokubata, haamboshuvi kutevera avo vakanga vasina simba raigona kudzivisa kudzivirira kutenda kwamadzitateguru—kusati kuri kutyisidzira, kana kuti kubata kumeso, kana upenyu, kana kuti rufu, kana muzinda, kana varindi, kana mambo, kana umambo, kana vanhu, kana madhimoni? Uyo, wandinoti, nokuti vakaomesa musoro vachichengeta chitendero chekare, Mwari akatonga kuti akakodzera chipo chikuru: kubudikidza navo kudzoreredza makereke akaputsika, kumutsiridza marudzi akafa nemweya, kukanda korona dzakabviswa pamisoro yevaprista, kuti dzidzime. bvisa magwaro aya ane hutsinye, uye gwapa rekusazvibata kutsva nerukova rwemisodzi yevakatendeka yakadururirwa pamabhishopi kubva kumusoro, uye pakupedzisira kuwanazve inenge nyika yose, yakakukurwa nedutu rinotyisa reichi chinyengeri chisingatarisirwi, kubva kusatenda kutsva kusvika pakutenda kwekare, kubva paupengo hutsva kusvika paungwaru hwekare, kubva paupofu hutsva kuenda kuchiedza chekare. Asi mune izvi zvose zvinenge zvakanaka zveumwari zvevanoreurura, chinhu chimwe chinonyanya kukosha kwatiri: kuti zvino, munguva yeChechi yekare, vakazvitora kuti vadzivirire kwete chimwe chikamu, asi chese. Nokuti zvakanga zvisina kufanira kuti varume vakuru navanokudzwa vatsigire nokuedza kukuru kwakadaro kufungira kusina chokwadi uye kazhinji kazhinji kunopokanidzana kwomumwe kana kuti vaviri kana kuti vatatu, kana kupinda muhondo nokuda kwechimwe chibvumirano chenguva dzose mune imwe ruwa; asi, vachitevera zvisungo nezvisungo zvevaprista vose veChechi inoera, vadyi venhaka yezvokwadi yavaapostora neyokuyananisa, vakasarudza kuzvitengesa, asi kwete kutenda kwekare kwapasi rose.
Chapter 6
Mukuru, ipapoka, muenzaniso waava varume vakakomborerwa, pasina panikiro voumwari, uye vakafanirwa nokurangarirwa nokufungisisa kusinganeti kwomuKristu wechokwadi ari wose; nokuti ivo, sechigadziko chemwenje minomwe, chinopenya kanomwe nechiedza cheMweya Mutsvene, vakaisa pamberi pemeso evazukuru murairo wakajeka zvikuru, kuti gare gare, pakati pekunyengera kwemazwi akasiyana-siyana asina maturo, vaifanira kurwisana neushingi hwehutsva husina umwari ne. simba rekare rakacheneswa. Asi izvi hazvisi zvitsva. Nekuti muChurch zvagara zviri nyaya yekuti kana munhu achinamata zvakanyanya, anowedzera kugadzirira kupikisa zvitsva. Kune isingaverengeki mienzaniso yakadaro. Asi kuti tirege kutsauswa, ngatitorei mumwe chete, uye zviri nani kuti abve muboka revaapostora; nemhaka yokuti munhu ari wose anogona kuona zvakajeka zvikuru nesimba ripi, nechishuvo chakadini uye nokushingaira kwakadini vateveri vakakomborerwa vavaapostora vakakomborerwa vakaramba vachidzivirira chinzwano chokutenda chawanwa kamwe. Pane imwe nguva Agrippinus anoremekedzwa, bhishopi weCarthage, akanga ari wokutanga uyo, mukupesana nendaza yamanyoro youmwari, mukupesana nokutonga kweChechi yapose pose, mukupesana nemirangariro yavaprista biyake vose, mukupesana netsika nokugadzwa kwamadzitateguru, akafunga. kuti Rubhabhatidzo runofanira kudzokororwa. Hutsva uhu hwaisanganisira huipi hukuru zvekuti hauna kungopa vese vanyengeri muenzaniso wekuzvidza, asi zvakare hwakarasisa vamwe vevatendi. Uye sezvo vanhu kwose kwose vakagunun’unira pamusoro peichi tsvarakadenga, uye vaprista vose kwose kwose vaichishora, mumwe nomumwe maererano nemwero yokushingaira kwake, ipapo Pope akaropafadzwa Stefano, mukuru mukuru wechigaro choumambo chavaapostora, akaipikisa pamwe chete navasonganiri vake, asi nokushingaira zvikurusa kwaakaita. vose, vachifunga, mukuona kwangu, kuti anofanira kupfuura vamwe vose pakuzvipira mukutenda sezvaanovapfuura zvikuru musimba rebasa rake. Uye pakupedzisira, muEpistle to Africa, akasimbisa zvinotevera: "Hapana chinhu chinogona kuvandudzwa - Chete Chitsika chinofanira kuremekedzwa." Uyu murume mutsvene uye akachenjera akanzwisisa kuti umwari hwechokwadi hahubvumi kune mumwe mutemo kunze kwokuti zvinhu zvose zvinofanira kupiwa kuvanakomana nokutenda kumwe cheteko kwakagamuchirwa nako kubva kumadzibaba; kuti tirege kutungamira kutenda maererano nezvatinoda, asi pane kudaro, kuitevera kwainotitungamirira; uye kuti kwakafanira kuzvininipisa netsika dzechiKristu kusapfuudza izvo zviri zvake kuvazukuru, asi kuchengeta izvo iye akagamuchira kubva kumadzisekuru ake. Chii zvino chaiva nzira yokubuda nayo mudambudziko rose iri? Chii, chokwadi, asi chakajairika uye chinozivikanwa? Kureva: yekare yakachengetedzwa, uye itsva yakarambwa zvinonyadzisa.
Asi pamwe paive ipapo apo hutsva hwake hwakashaya rutsigiro? Mukupesana, aive parutivi rwake matarenda akadaro, nzizi dzekutaura, vatsigiri vakadaro, kunzwisisika kwakadaro, zviporofita zvakadaro zveMagwaro (zvakadudzirwa, zvechokwadi, nenzira itsva uye yakaipa) iyo, mukuona kwangu, rangano yose. haikwanise kudonha neimwe nzira chikonzero, kunze kwechimwe - hunyanzvi hwakakurumbira hahuna kumira kune huremu hwechikonzero chayo, icho chaakaita nekudzivirira. Chii chakazoitika? Chii chaive mhedzisiro yeAfrican Council kana mutemo uyu? Nokuda kwaMwari, hapana; chinhu chose chakaparadzwa, chakarambwa, chakatsikwa-tsikwa sechiroto, sengano, sengano. Uye, o, kutenderera kunoshamisa! Vanyori vedzidziso iyi vanonzi vakatendeka, uye vateveri vayo vanyengeri; vadzidzisi havana mhosva, vadzidzi vanopiwa mhosva; vanyori vemabhuku vachava vanakomana veumambo hwaMwari, uye vadziviriri vavo vachamedzwa negehena remoto. Saka ndiani benzi angakahadzika kuti iye anovhenekera pakati pemabhishopi uye vakafira kutenda - Cyprian, pamwe nevamwe vake, achatonga naKristu? Kana kuti, pane zvinopesana, ndiani anokwanisa kuzvipira kukuru uku kuramba kuti vaDonatists nevamwe varume vane utsinye, vanozvikudza kuti vakabhabhatidzwa zvakare pachiremera chedare iroro, vachapisa mumoto usingagumi nadhiabhorosi?
Chapter 7
Zvinoita sekuti kutonga uku kwakaziviswa kubva kumusoro zvakanyanya nekuda kwehunyengeri hweavo, vachifunga kuvhara humwe hunyengeri pasi pezita rekunze, kazhinji vanobata zvinyorwa zvemumwe munyori wekare, zvisina kunyatsojeka, izvo nechikonzero. kusvibiswa kwavo kunopindirana nedzidziso yavo; kuitira kuti kana vaburitsa chinhu ichi pane imwe nzvimbo, vasaite kunge vekutanga kana kuti ivo chete. Kunyengera kwavo uku, mukuona kwangu, kunovenga zvakapetwa kaviri: kutanga, nokuti havatyi kupa vamwe kuti vanwe chepfu yehunyengeri, uye chechipiri, nokuti noruoko rusina umwari vanomutsa chirangaridzo chomumwe munhu mutsvene. kana vakanga vachikuchidzira marasha akanga atova madota, uye aifanira kuvigwa mukunyarara, vanozivisa patsva, vachiabudisa pachena, nokudaro vachiva vateveri vatateguru wavo Hamu, uyo asina kungofukidza bedzi kushama kwomunhu anoremekedzwa. Noa, asi akazviratidza kune vamwe, kuti vamuseke. Naizvozvo akatsamwa nokuda kwokuzvidza kuzvipira kwoumwari—zvikuru zvokuti kunyange zvizvarwa zvake zvakasungwa nokutukwa kwezvivi zvake; haana kufanana navanin'ina vake vakaropafadzwa, vakanga vasingadi kushama kwababa vavo vanokudzwa, vasingasvibisi meso avo, kana kuzvizarurira vamwe; uye havana kuita kuti kutadza kwemunhu mutsvene kuzivikanwe, uye nokudaro vakapihwa mubairo wemaropafadzo kwavari nekuzvizvarwa zvavo.
Asi ngatidzokere kunyaya yedu. Naizvozvo tinofanira kuzara nekutya kukuru uye nekutya mhosva yekushandura rutendo nekusvibisa umwari; kwete dzidziso chete pamusoro pemagadzirirwo eChechi, asiwo maonero echikamu chevaapositori vane simba ravo anotidzivirira kubva pane izvi. Nemhaka yokuti munhu ari wose anoziva kuti zvakasimba sei, zvakakasharara sei, kuti muapostora Pauro akaropafadzwa sei anorwisa noutsinye sei vamwe avo, nokusununguka kunoshamisa, vakakurumidza zvikuru kubva kune uyo “akavadanira kunyasha dzaKristu, vachienda kune imwe evhangeri, kwete kuti kune imwe.” “avo, vachitungamirirwa nokuchiva kwavo, vakazviunganidzira vadzidzisi, vakafuratidza nzeve dzavo pachokwadi, vakatsaukira kungano,” ivo “vari mukupiwa mhosva, nokuti vakaramba chipikirwa chavo chokutanga,” vakatsauswawo avo muapostora akanyorera hama dzokuRoma nezvavo, kuti: “Ndinokukumbirai zvikuru, hama dzangu, kuti mungwarire avo vanopesanisa nokukopa, vachipesana nedzidziso yamakadzidza imi, muvangwarire. Nokuti vanhu vakadaro havashumiri Ishe wedu Jesu Kristu, asi dumbu ravo, uye nemashoko akanaka neanobata kumeso, vachinyengera mwoyo yevasina mano, “vanopinda mudzimba vachinyengera vakadzi, vakaremerwa nezvivi uye vanobatwa nokuchiva kuzhinji. vanodzidza nguva dzose uye havatongosviki pazivo yechokwadi,” “vanongotaura zvisina maturo uye vanyengeri, . . . , “vakafukidzwa nokuzvikudza, havana chavanoziva, uye vanorwara nokukakavara kusina maturo; vanofunga kuti umwari hunobatira fuma,” “zvavasingashandi, vanoenda paimba neimba; uye havazi usimbe bedzi, asi vanotaurisa, vanoda kuziva, uye vanotaura zvisakafanira,” “ivo vachiramba hana yakanaka, vakaputsikirwa nechikepe pakutenda,” “vasina maturo vachazviunganidzira uipi huzhinji, nokutaura kwavo. ichapararira seimba'. Kwakanyorwawo nezvavo kuchinzi: “Asi havachazobudiririzve, nokuti upenzi hwavo hucharatidzwa kuvanhu vose, sokuratidzwa kwoupenzi hwavo.”
Chapter 8
Zvino vamwe vakadaro vakati vachipfuura nemumatunhu nemaguta, vachifamba nekunyengera kwavo, nekutengeserana, vachisvikira vaGaratia; uye apo, pashure pokuvanzwa, vaGaratia vakawana rudzi rwekusvotwa kubva pazvokwadi uye vakarasa mana yedzidziso youapostora neyedare, uye vakatanga kufadzwa nokusachena kwoutsandu hwenhema, chiremera chechiremera chavaapostora chakazviratidza, kuti chirevo ichi nesimba guru: Asi kana isu, anodaro muapostora, kana mutumwa unobva kudenga akakuparidzirai chimwe chinhu chinopesana nechakakuparidzirai isu, ngaave rushambwa. Nei achiti “asi kunyange isu” uye kwete “asi kunyange iniwo”? Izvi zvinoreva kuti: “Kunyange Petro, kunyange Andireya, kunyange Johani, pakupedzisira kunyange boka rose revaapostora rinofanira kukuparidzirai chimwe chinhu chisiri icho chatakatokuparidzirai, ngaave rushambwa. Utsinye hunotyisa, usingaregeredzi iwe pachako kana vamwe vaapositori biyako, kuti kutenda kwepakutanga kusimbiswe! Zvisinei, izvi handizvo zvoga: “Kunyange kana mutumwa unobva kudenga akakuparidzirai chimwe chinhu chinopesana nezvatakaparidza kwamuri, ngaave wakapiwa rushambwa. Kuti kutenda kuchengetedzwe kamwe chete, hazvina kukwana kungotaura nezvehunhu hwemunhu chete, asi chimiro chengirozi yepamusoro chaifanira kubatanidzwa. “Kwete isu, anodaro, kana mutumwa anobva kudenga. Kwete nokuti ngirozi tsvene dzedenga dzichiri kukwanisa kutadza, asi nokuti anoda kuti: kunyange kana zvisingagoneki zvaizoitika - chero munhu, chero munhu, anofanira kuedza kushandura kutenda kwakamboiswa kwatiri - rushambwa ruve. Asi pamwe akataura izvi asina kufunga, akazvidurura, akatakurwa nemafungiro emunhu, pane kuzviraira, achitungamirirwa nechikonzero chaMwari? Kwete. Nokuti pane mashoko anotevera akazadzwa noukuru hukuru hwokutaura kunodzokororwa kunodzokororwa, kwokuti: “Sezvatakamboreva, zvino ndinozvitaurazve: Kana munhu upi noupi akakuparidzirai chimwe chinhu kunze kwezvamakagamuchira, ngaave rushambwa.” Haana kuti, “Kana munhu akuudzai zvakasiyana nezvamakagamuchira, ngaaropafadzwe, ngaarumbidzwe, agamuchirwe,” asi akati: Ngaatukwe, abviswe, adzingwe, arege kubatanidzwa, kuti kurege kuva nehosha yakaipa yomunhu. makwai kuti asvibise boka raKristu revasina mhaka kupfurikidza nokuvhengana kwaro kune uturu naye.
Cherechedza: Musi waMay 24, Chechi inopemberera kuyeuka kwaSt. Vincent weLerin (5th century)
