Na prof. AP Lopukhin
Chitsauko 16. 1 – 13. Mufananidzo weMutariri Asina Kururama. 14 – 31. Mufananidzo weMupfumi naRazaro Murombo.
Ruka 16:1. Zvino wakati kuvadzidzi vake: Umwe munhu wakange akafuma, waiva nemutariri;
Mufananidzo wemutariri asina kururama unowanikwa chete muevhangeri Ruka. Kwakataurwa, pasina panikiro, pazuva rimwe chetero iro Ishe akataura mienzanisiro mitatu yakapfuura, asi uyu mufananidzo hauna batano nawo, sezvakataurwa naKristu achinongedzera kuvaFarise, nepo uyu uchinongedzera ku“vadzidzi. ” yaKristu, kureva vazhinji vevateveri vake vakanga vatotanga kumushumira, vachisiya hushumiri hwenyika – zvikuru vaimbove vateresi nevatadzi (Prot. Timothy Butkevich, “Tsanangudzo yemufananidzo weMutariri Asina Kururama” Church Bulletins, 1911, peji 275).
"munhu mumwe". Zviri pachena kuti uyu akanga ari muridzi weminda akapfuma aigara muguta, kure zvikuru nenhaka yake, uye naizvozvo akanga asingakwanisi kurishanyira ari oga (uyo watinofanira kunzwisisa pano nenzira yokufananidzira – izvi zvinova pachena nokukurumidza pashure pokunge revo chaiyoiyo yomufananidzo yatsanangurwa).
"ikonom" (οἰκονόμον) - lit. mudiri, mutariri weimba, wakanga apiwa basa routariri hwose hwenhaka. Uyu akanga asiri muranda (pamwe chete nevaJudha, vatariri vaiwanzosarudzwa kubva pakati pevaranda), asi munhu akasununguka, sezvinooneka muidi rokuti, pashure pokunge asunungurwa pamabasa omutariri, akanga achifunga kusagara nomudzimai wake. tenzi, asi nevamwe vanhu ( ndima 3-4 ).
"akaunzwa kwaari". Shoko rechiGiriki rokuti διεβλήθη (kubva ku διαβάλλω) rakamira pano, kunyange zvazvo risingarevi kuti chakaunzwa kwaiva kuchera kwakapfava, sezvinoreva shanduro yedu yechiSlavonic somuenzaniso, asi inojekesa kuti yaiitwa nevanhu vakanga vasingafariri maneja wemba. /janitor.
“anoparadzira”. ( ὡς διασκορπίζων – cf. Ruka. 15:13; Mat. 12:30 ), kureva kuti anopedza upenyu hwokupambadza uye hwechivi, anoparadza pfuma yatenzi.
Ruka 16:2. akamudana akati kwaari: Chii ichi chandinonzwa nezvako? Uzvidavirire pamusoro pokuzvibata kwako, nokuti hauchakwanisi kuva munhu ane tsika.
"chii ichi chandinonzwa". Muridzi womunda, akashevedza maneja weimba yacho, akati kwaari ashatirwa: “Uri kuitei ikoko? Ndinonzwa makuhwa akaipa pamusoro pako. Handichadi kuti uve maneja wangu uye zvinhu zvangu ndichapa mumwe munhu. Unofanira kundipa nhoroondo yenzvimbo yacho” (kureva chero marendi, magwaro echikwereti, nezvimwewo). Izvi ndizvo zvinorehwa nechikumbiro chemuridzi wenzvimbo kuna maneja. Aya ndiwo manzwisisiro akaita wekupedzisira tenzi wake.
Ruka 16:3. Zvino mutariri wakati mukati make: Ndichaitei? Tenzi wangu anditorera hunhu hwangu; kuchera, handigoni; kupemha ndinonyara;
Akatanga kufunga kuti orarama sei zvino, nokuti akaona kuti zvechokwadi akanga ane mhosva pamberi patenzi wake uye akanga asina tariro yokukanganwirwa, uye akanga asina kuchengeta chero nzira yokurarama nayo, uye akanga asingakwanisi kana kusashanda muminda yemichero nemuriwo. gardens. masimba ake. Aigona hake kurarama nemari yezvipo, asi kwaari, uyo akanga ajaira kurarama upenyu hwoumbozha, hwoumbozha, izvi zvaiita sezvinonyadzisa.
Ruka 16:4. Ndakafunga zvandaifanira kuita kuti ndigamuchirwe mudzimba dzavo kana ndabviswa pahunhu.
Pakupedzisira mubatsiri akafunga zvaaigona kuita kumubetsera. Akawana nzira yokumuzarurira nayo mikova yedzimba pashure pokunge asisina nzvimbo (aireva “dzimba” dzevaiva nechikwereti natenzi wake). Zvino akadanira kwaari vakwereti, umwe neumwe pachake, akatanga kutaurirana navo. Kuti vakwereti ava vaive maroja here kana kuti vatengesi vakatora zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana kubva panzvimbo vachitengesa zvakaoma kutaura, asi izvo hazvina kukosha.
Ruka 16:5. Zvino wakati akadana vaiva nechikwereti natenzi wake, umwe neumwe pachake, akati kune wekutanga: Une chikwereti chakadini kuna tenzi wangu?
Ruka 16:6. Akapindura akati, Zviyero zvine zana zvamafuta. Akati kwaari: Tora rugwaro, ugare pasi, unyore makumi mashanu nekukurumidza.
"zviyero zana". Mubati akabvunza vakwereti, mumwe pashure pomumwe, achiti: Vane chikwereti chakadini kuna tenzi wake? Wekutanga akapindura kuti: “zviyero zana” kana kuti “mabhati” (bat – βάτος, Hebrew בַּת bat̠, chiyero chechiyero chezvinwiwa - zvinopfuura mabhakiti mana) “mafuta”, zvichireva mafuta omuorivhi, ayo aidhura zvakanyanya iyo nguva , saka 4 mabhakiti emafuta anodhura panguva iyoyo mumari yedu 419 rubles, iyo inoenderana neapprox. 15,922 kg. goridhe (Prot. Butkevich, p. 18.5 283).
“nekukurumidza”. Mudiri akamuudza kuti akurumidze kunyora risiti itsva umo chikwereti chemukwereti chaizoderedzwa nehafu - uye pano tinoona kuti munhu wese anokasira sei kuita zvakaipa.
Ruka 16:7. Ndokuti kune umwe: Iwe une chikwereti chakadini? Akapindura akati: Mahapa zana ezviyo. Ndokuti kwaari: Tora risiti rako, unyore, makumi masere.
“mahapa zana”. Mumwe ane chikwereti aiva nechikwereti che "mahapa zana" egorosi, iyo yaikosheswawo zvikuru (ruvara - κόρος - chiyero chemiviri yakawanda, kazhinji yezviyo). Imwe zana krina yegorosi inodhura panguva iyoyo mumari yedu inenge 20,000 rubles (ibid., p. 324), iyo yakaenzana neapprox. 23 kg. goridhe. Uye mubati akaita saizvozvo naye nowokutanga.
Nenzira iyi akaita basa guru kune ava vane chikwereti vaviri, uye pashure zvichida kune vamwe, uye ivo, ivo, ivo, vakanzwa vamene nokusingaperi vane chikwereti kumubatsiri, pamusana pehuwandu hwekuregererwa. Mudzimba dzavo aigara achiwaniswa pekugara.
Ruka 16:8. Tenzi akarumbidza muchengeti asina kutendeka, nokuti akanga aita nokuchenjera. nekuti vana venyika ino vakachenjera parudzi rwavo kupfuura vana vechiedza.
“akangwara”. Ishe wemudhara, achinzwa nezvechiito ichi chemurindi, akamurumbidza, achiona kuti akange aita zvine hungwaru, kana, yakashandurwa zviri nani, nekuchenjera, nekufunga, uye nekukasira (φρονίμως). Kurumbidza uku hakuratidzike kunoshamisa here?
“kurumbidza”. Tenzi akakuvadzwa, uye zvizhinji, uye zvakadaro anorumbidza gavhuna asina kutendeka, achishamiswa nokungwara kwake. Nei achifanira kumurumbidza? Zvinoita sokuti murume wacho anofanira kumumhan’arira kudare, kwete kumurumbidza. Naizvozvo, vaturikiri vazhinjisa vanoomerera kuti tenzi anoshamiswa zvomenemene bedzi nounyanzvi hwasaimba, pasina kutongobvumira chimiro chemitoo imene iyo wapashure akawana nokuda kworuponeso rwake. Asi mhinduro yakadaro yemubvunzo haigutsi, nekuti inofunga kuti Kristu anodzidzisazve vateveri vake hunyanzvi kana kugona kuwana nzira yekubuda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma nekutevedzera vanhu vasina kukodzera (vasina kururama).
Ndosaka tsananguro yakapihwa naProt. Timotei Butkevich yeiyi "rumbidzo" uye yemaitiro emutarisiri wemba, inoratidzika seyakavimbika, kunyangwe isu tisingakwanisi kubvumirana naye zvizere. Maererano nokuturikira kwake, muridzi wemba aibvisa muakaunzi dzevaiva nechikwereti chete zvaakanga achifanira kuva nazvo, sezvo akanga anyora mumarisiti ake mari yaakanga abvumira kuti ape munda kuvarimi nokubvumirana natenzi wake, uyewo mari yacho yaakanga abvumira kuvarimi. izvo zvaaida kuzviwanira iye pachake. Sezvo iye zvino akanga asisina mukana wekugamuchira mari yakabvumiranwa iye pachake - akanga achisiya basa - akachinja marisiti asina kukuvadza tenzi wake, nokuti akanga achiri kufanira kugamuchira (Butkevich, p. 327).
Asi hazvibviri kubvumirana naProt. T. Butkevich, kuti zvino mutariri weimba “akazova akatendeseka uye anokudzwa” uye kuti tenzi akamurumbidza chaizvoizvo nokuda kwokuramba mukana wokugamuchira muhoro wake.
Naizvozvo, tenzi, semunhu anokudzwa, haana kumanikidzwa kusimbirira kune vakwereti kuti vamuripe zvose zvavakanga vakumbirwa nomubati: aifunga kuti vane chikwereti chemari duku zvikuru. Mutungamiriri haana kumukuvadza mukuita - nei tenzi asingafaniri kumurumbidza? Ndiko kubvumirana chaikoiko kwemaitiro emutariri anotaurwa pano.
“Vana venyika ino vanonzwisisa kupfuura vana vechiedza.” Tsanangudzo yenguva dzose yemutsara uyu ndeyokuti vanhu venyika vanoziva kuronga zvinhu zvavo zviri nani kupfuura vaKristu uye kuwana zvinangwa zvepamusoro zvavanozvigadzirira. Zvisinei, zvakaoma kubvumirana nedudziro iyi, kutanga, nokuti panguva iyoyo shoko rokuti “vanakomana vechiedza” harina kumboreva vaKristu: muna Johane Muevhangeri, anonongedzerwa kwaari naBhishopi Mikaeri uye anobatana nevamwe vaturikiri munzvimbo ino. nyangwe kana mutsara uyu wakashandiswa kamwe chete, hausi kureva “maKristu” (cf. Johani. 12:36).
Uye chechipiri, vanhu venyika, vakabatanidzwa nenyika, vakachenjera sei kupfuura vanhu vakazvipira kuna Kristu? Vapashure havana kuratidza uchenjeri hwavo nokusiya zvose ndokutevera Kristu here? Ndosaka mune yazvino nyaya isu takarerekera zvakare kugamuchira maonero aProt. T. Butkevich, maererano neizvo “vanakomana venguva ino” vari vateresi, avo, mukuwirirana navaFarise, vanogara murima romudzimu, vachibatikana bedzi nezvinhu zviduku zvapasi (kuunganidza mutero), uye “vanakomana vechiedza” ndivo VaFarise vanozviona sevakavhenekerwa (cf vaRoma 2:19) uye avo vanonzi naKristu “vanakomana vechiedza”, sezvineiwo, maererano nechimiro chavo pachavo.
“nerudzi rwayo”. Mashoko akawedzerwa naKristu okuti “murudzi rwake” anokodzerawo dudziro iyi. Naaya mashoko Anoratidza kuti Iye haarevi “vanakomana vechiedza” mupfungwa chaiyoiyo yeshoko racho, asi “vanakomana vechiedza” mune chaiyo, rudzi rwavo vamene.
Nokudaro, zvinoreva kutaura uku kungava: nokuti vateresi vanonzwisisa kupfuura vaFarisi (prot. T. Butkevich, p. 329).
Asi pane tsananguro iyi — uye iyi hatifanire kudzima — kubatana kwemazwi ekupedzisira endima iri kutaurwa nemashoko ayo tenzi akarumbidza muchengeti asina kutendeka anoramba asina kujeka.
Zvinofanira kubvumwa kuti pfungwa yechikamu chechipiri chendima 8 hairevi kutaura kwese kwehafu yekutanga, asi inotsanangura chinhu chimwe chete “chakangwara” kana kuti “chakangwara”.
Ishe anopedzisa mufananidzo wacho nemashoko anoti: “Uye Ishe akarumbidza mutariri asina kutendeka nokuda kwokuita nokuchenjera.” Zvino anoda kushandisa mufananidzo uyu kuvadzidzi vake uye pano, achitarisa vateresi vachiswedera kwaari (cf. Ruka. 15:1), sokunge kuti: “Hongu, uchenjeri, nokungwara pakuzvitsvakira ruponeso chinhu chikuru; zvino tinofanira kubvuma kuti, mukushamiswa kwavazhinji, uchenjeri hwakadaro hunoratidzwa navateresi, uye kwete naavo vagara vachizvirangarira vamene savanhu vakavhenekerwa zvikurusa, kureva vaFarise”.
Ruka 16:9. Uye ndinoti kwamuri: Itai ushamwari nefuma isakarurama, kuti kana mava varombo, vakugamuchirei mudzimba dzekusingaperi.
Ishe akanga atorumbidza vateresi vaimutevera, asi akaita saizvozvo nomutongo mukuru. Zvino anotaura navo pachake pachake achiti: “Zvino ini, satenzi akanga ane chikwereti chikuru kwaari, ndinoti kwamuri: Kana munhu ane fuma, sezvayakanga ine mutariri pamari, saizvozvo makasungwa nemwi. iye, kuti muwane shamwari, ivo vachakugamuchirai mudzimba dzisingaperi, seshamwari dzomutariri.”
“upfumi husina kururama”. Pfuma iyo Jehovha anodana kuti "haina kururama" (μαμωνᾶ τῆς ἀδικίας), kwete nokuti yakawanwa nenzira dzisina kururama - pfuma yakadaro inofanira kudzorerwa nomutemo seyakabiwa ( Revh. 6:4; Dhuteronomi 22:1 ), asi nokuti hazvina maturo. , nokunyengera, nechinguvana, uye kazhinji anoita kuti munhu ave nemakaro, ane utsinye, achikanganwa basa rake rokuitira zvakanaka vavakidzani vake, uye anobatira semhinganidzo huru panzira yokuwana Umambo hweKudenga ( Marko 10:25 ).
"kana iwe ukava murombo" (ἐκλίπητε) - zvakanyanya zvakarurama: kana iyo (hupfumi) inobviswa kukosha kwayo (maererano nekuverenga zviri nani - ἐκλίπῃ). Izvi zvinonongedza kunguva yeKuuya kwechipiri kwaKristu, apo pfuma yepasi pano ichaguma kuva nezvainoreva (cf. Ruka. 6:24; Jakobho. 5:1ff.).
"kubvuma iwe". Hazvina kutaurwa kuti ndivanaani, asi tinofanira kufunga kuti ishamwari dzinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekushandisa zvakanaka kwehupfumi hwepasi, kureva. parinoshandiswa nenzira inofadza Mwari.
“ugaro husingaperi”. Mashoko aya anoenderana nemashoko okuti “mudzimba dzavo” (ndima 4) uye anoreva Umambo hwaMesiya, uhwo huchagara nokusingaperi (cf. 3 Esdras 2:11).
Ruka 16:10. Ani nani wakatendeka pazviduku, wakatendekawo pazvikuru; neasina kutendeka pazvinhu zviduku duku, haana kutendekawo pazvikuru.
Achikudziridza pfungwa yokudikanwa kwokushandisa pfuma nokuchenjera, Ishe anotanga kunokora mashoko, sokunge zvakadaro, chirevo, chinoti: “Wakatendeka pazviduku, wakatendekawo pazvikuru.”
Iyi ipfungwa huru isingade tsananguro chaiyo. Asi ipapo anotaura zvakananga vateveri Vake pakati pevateresi. Hapana mubvunzo kuti vaiva nepfuma yakawanda yavaishandisa, uye vakanga vasina kutendeka nguva dzose mukushandisa kwavo: kazhinji, pakuunganidza mutero nemitero, vaizvitorera vamene mugove wezvakaunganidzwa. Naizvozvo, Ishe anovadzidzisa kusiya tsika iyi yakaipa. Nei vachifanira kuunganidza pfuma? Hazvina kururama, zvekune dzimwe nyika, uye tinofanira kuzvibata sevatorwa. Iwe une mukana wekuwana chaiyo, kureva. pfuma inokosha zvamazvirokwazvo, inofanira kuva inodiwa zvikurusa kwamuri, sezvainokodzera nzvimbo yenyu savadzidzi vaKristu. Asi ndiani achakupa hupfumi hwepamusoro uhu, huno hwakanaka, hwakanaka hwechokwadi, kana iwe usingakwanise kutonga wepasi? Unogona here kukudzwa nezvikomborero izvo Kristu anopa kuvateveri Vake vechokwadi muUmambo hune mbiri hwaMwari hwava kuda kuziviswa?
Ruka 16:11. Naizvozvo, kana manga musina kutendeka pafuma isakarurama, ndiani uchakubatisai chinhu chechokwadi?
"ndiani achakupa chinhu chaicho". Kristu anovaudza kuti: Une mukana wokuwana pfuma chaiyo, pfuma inokosha zvirokwazvo, inofanira kuva inodiwa zvikuru kwauri, sezvainokodzera nzvimbo yako savadzidzi vaKristu. Asi ndiani achakupa hupfumi hwepamusoro uhu, huno hwakanaka, hwakanaka hwechokwadi, kana iwe usingakwanise kutonga wepasi? Unogona here kukudzwa nezvikomborero izvo Kristu anopa kuvateveri Vake vechokwadi muUmambo hune mbiri hwaMwari hwava kuda kuziviswa?
Ruka 16:12. Uye kana wanga usina kutendeka kune imwe nyika, ndiani achakupa yako?
Ruka 16:13. Hakuna muranda unogona kubatira vatenzi vaviri; nekuti zvimwe uchavenga umwe, ndokuda umwe; kana kuti achafadza mumwe akazvidza mumwe. Hamungashumiri Mwari nePfuma.
Kubva pakutendeka mukushandisa pfuma yepasi, Kristu anoenda kumubvunzo webasa rakazara raMwari, risingaenderani nebasa raMammon. Ona Mateo 6:24 panodzokororwa mutsara uyu.
Mumufananidzo wagavhuna asina kururama, Kristu, uyo mudzidziso iyi anofunga pamusoro pevateresi vose, anodzidzisawo vatadzi vose zvavo nzira yokuwana nayo ruponeso uye mufaro usingaperi. Iyi ndiyo chirevo chisinganzwisisike chemufananidzo. Mupfumi ndiMwari. Muridzi asina kururama mutadzi anorasa zvipo zvaMwari nokusangwarira kwenguva refu, kusvikira Mwari vamudana kuti azvidavirire kuburikidza nezvimwe zviratidzo zvinotyisidzira (chirwere, nhamo). Kana mutadzi asati arasika pfungwa dzake, anopfidza, sezvinoita mutariri anokanganwira vakwereti vatenzi wake chero zvikwereti zvaaifunga kuti vaiva nazvo kwaari.
Hapana chikonzero chekuenda mune dzakadzama tsananguro dzedimikira dzemufananidzo uyu, nekuti pano tichafanirwa kutungamirwa chete nezviitiko zvisina tsarukano uye kutendeukira kumagungano: semumwe mufananidzo upi noupi, mufananidzo wemutariri asina kururama une, kuwedzera kune iwo mukuru. pfungwa, mamwe maficha asingade tsananguro.
Ruka 16:14. VaFarisi, avo vaida mari, vakanzwa zvose izvi uye vakamuseka.
"vakaseka". Pakati pavateereri vomufananidzo womuridzi asina kururama pakanga pane vaFarise, vakanyomba ( ἐξεμυκτήριζον) Kristu - sezviri pachena nemhaka yokuti vaifunga kuti murangariro Wake pamusoro pepfuma yapasi wakanga usina musoro. Mutemo, ivo vakati, wakatarisa pfuma neimwe nzira: kune pfuma inovimbiswa semubairo kune vakarurama nokuda kwekunaka kwavo, naizvozvo haigoni kunzi haina kururama. Kunze kwezvo, vaFarisi vamene vaida mari.
Ruka 16:15. Akati kwavari: Munozviita makarurama kuvanhu, asi Mwari unoziva moyo yenyu; nokuti izvo zviri kumusoro pakati pavanhu zvinonyangadza pamberi paMwari.
“munozvipa sevakarurama.” Ndiko chaizvoizvo uku kunzwisisa kwepfuma uko Kristu anorangarira, uye kunoratidzika kuva anoti kwavari: “Zvirokwazvo, pamurairo pane zvipikirwawo zvemibayiro yapasi, zvikuru yefuma youpenyu hwakarurama. Asi hauna kodzero yokuona pfuma yako somubayiro unobva kuna Mwari nokuda kwokururama kwako. Kururama kwako ndekwekufungidzira. Kunyange kana ukakwanisa kuzviwanira rukudzo kubva kuvanhu kuburikidza nekururama kwako kwekunyengera, hauzowani kuzivikanwa kubva kuna Mwari, Uyo anoona mamiriro echokwadi emwoyo wako. Uye chimiro ichi chakaipisisa. “
Ruka 16:16. Murairo nevaporofita zvaivapo kusvikira kuna Johwani; kubva ipapo ushe hwaMwari hwakaparidzwa, uye munhu wose akaidza kupinda mahuri.
Ndima nhatu idzi (16 – 18) dzine mazwi akatsanangurirwa kare murondedzero yevhangeri yaMateo (cf. Mateu. 11:12 – 14, 5:18, 32). Pano vane revo yesumo kumufananidzo unotevera womupfumi nomurombo Razaro. Kuburikidza navo, Ishe anosimbisa kukosha kukuru kwemutemo nevaporofita (izvo zvichadudzwawo mumufananidzo), izvo zvinogadzirira vaJudha kugamuchira umambo hwaMesia, ane muparidzi ari Johane Mubhapatidzi. Nemhaka yavo, chishuvo choUmambo hwaMwari chakaziviswa chinomutsa muvanhu.
Ruka 16:17. Asi zvakareruka kuti denga nenyika zvipfuure, pakuti tsanga imwe yomurairo iwe.
“chikamu chimwe cheMutemo”. Mutemo hausati uchizorashikirwa norupi norwupi rwamativi awo, uye somuenzaniso wouku kurevererwa kwomutemo Kristu anoonesa kuti iye ainzwisisa mutemo wechatanuro kunyange nomutoo wakaoma zvikuru kupfuura wawaidudzirwa muchikoro chavaFarise.
Ruka 16:18. Ani naani anoramba mukadzi wake akawana mumwe anoita upombwe, uye ani naani anowana mukadzi akarambwa nomurume anoita upombwe.
B. Weiss anopa dudziro yemutsara uyu mundima iyi. Maererano naye, muvhangeri Ruka anonzwisisa mutsara uyu sedimikira, sokuratidza hukama huri pakati pemurairo nehurongwa hutsva hwehumambo hwaMwari (cf. vaRoma. 7:1-3). Uyo, nokuda kwezvekupedzisira, anosiya zvokutanga, anoita chivi chimwe chetecho choupombwe pamberi paMwari, saiye uyo, pashure pokunge Mwari asunungura munhu mukuteerera murairo nokuzivisa evhangeri, achiri kuda kupfuuridzira chivi chake chokutanga. hukama nemutemo. Mumwe akatadza maererano nekusachinja kwemurairo (vhesi 17), uye mumwe akatadza nekusada kutora chikamu mukutsvaga kwevanhu hupenyu hutsva hwenyasha (ndima 16).
Ruka 16:19. Kwakange kune umwe murume mufumi, aipfeka zvine ruvara rwehute nemicheka yerineni yakapfava, uye aidya zvakanaka mazuva ose.
Mumufananidzo unotevera wemupfumi Razaro nemurombo Razaro, Ishe anoratidza migumisiro yakaipa yekushandiswa kwepfuma zvisizvo (ona ndima. 14). Uyu mufananidzo hauna kunangidzirwa zvakananga kuvaFarise, nokuti havangafananidzwi nomupfumi akanga asina hanya noruponeso rwake, asi pakuona kwavo pfuma sechinhu chisingakuvadzi chose chose kubasa roruponeso, kunyange souchapupu hwokururama kwomunhu. , muridzi wayo. Ishe vanoratidza kuti upfumi hahusi humbowo hwekururama zvachose, uye kuti kazhinji hunokuvadza zvikuru mwene wahwo, uye hunomukanda mugomba rakadzika-dzika regehena mushure mekufa.
"marigold". Ijira reshinda, reshinda rakadhayiwa nedhayi yepepuru inodhura inoshandiswa pazvipfeko zvekunze (tsvuku muruvara).
"Vison". Iro jira jena rakanaka rakagadzirwa nekotoni (saka risiri rerineni) uye rinoshandiswa kugadzira zvipfeko zvemukati.
“mazuva ose aidya zvinonaka”. Kubva pane izvi zviri pachena kuti mupfumi akanga asingafariri zvinhu zvevanhu vose nezvidikanwi zvevamwe vake, kana muruponeso rwemweya wake pachake. Akanga asiri munhu ane chisimba, mudzvinyiriri wevarombo, uye akanga asiri imwe mhosva ipi neipi, asi mabiko enguva dzose aya asinganetseki chakanga chiri chivi chikuru pamberi paMwari.
Ruka 16:20. Kwaivawo nomurombo ainzi Razaro, akanga akarara ari murwi pamukova wake
“Razaro” izita rakapfupikiswa kubva kuna Eriazari, – rubatsiro rwaMwari. Tingabvumirana nevamwe vaturikiri kuti zita remupemhi rakataurwa naKristu kuratidza kuti murombo uyu aingova netariro mukubatsirwa naMwari.
"kurara pasi" - ἐβέβλέτο - yakakandwa kunze, kwete semushanduro yedu "kuradzika". Murombo akakandwa kunze nevanhu pasuwo remupfumi.
“musuwo wake” (πρὸς τὸν πυλῶνα) – pamusuwo waibva pachivanze kupinda mumba (cf. Mateu. 26:71).
Ruka 16:21. Kwakange kwasara mazuva mashanu vachidya zvimedu zvaiwa patafura yemufumi, imbwa dzikauya dzichinanzva zvikweshwa zvake.
"zvimedu zvakadonha kubva patafura". Mumaguta ekumabvazuva yakanga iri tsika yokukanda zvose zvakasara zvezvokudya zvakananga mumugwagwa, kwazvaidyiwa nembwa dzaidzungaira mumigwagwa. Panguva ino, Razaro airwara aifanira kugovera zvimedu izvi nembwa. Imbwa, mhuka dzine tsvina, dzisina kuchena mukuona kwechiJudha, dzakananzva makwati ake—dzakabata munhu ane nhamo uyo aisagona kudzidzinga somumwe worudzi rwake. Hapana kana kakuzvidemba pavari apa.
Ruka 16:22. Murombo akafa, vatumwa vakamuisa pachifuva chaAbhurahamu; mufumi akafawo, vakamuviga;
“akatakurwa neNgirozi”. Rinoreva mweya womupemhi, uyo wakatakurwa nengirozi idzo, maererano nokunambwa kwechiJudha, dzinotakura mweya yevakarurama kudenga.
“Chifuva chaAbrahama”. Iri izwi rechiHebheru rinoreva rufaro rwekudenga rwevakarurama. Vakarurama vanosara mushure mekufa kwavo muruwadzano rwepedyo natateguru Abrahama, vakaisa misoro yavo pachipfuva chake. Zvisinei, chifuva chaAbrahama hachina kufanana neparadhiso—ndicho, kutaura kudaro, nzvimbo yakasarudzwa uye iri nani, iyo yakanga yakagarwa muparadhiso nomupemhi Razaro, uyo akawana pano utiziro hwakanyarara mumaoko atateguru vake (mufananidzo uri pano. haibvi pakudya kwemanheru kana patafura, semuenzaniso, inotaurwa muna Mat. 8:11 naRuka 13:29-30, uye kubva mutsika yevabereki yekudziya vana vavo mumaoko avo; .
Zvamazvirokwazvo, denga harinzwisiswi pano mupfungwa youmambo hwokubwinya (semuna 2vaKorinde. 12:2 ff.), asi bedzi sokuratidzira chimiro chokufara chavakarurama vakasiya upenyu hwapasi. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya ndeenguva pfupi uye vakarurama vacharamba vari mazviri kusvika pakuuya kwechipiri kwaKristu.
Ruka 16:23. ari mugehena, ari pakurwadziwa, akasimudza meso ake, akaona Abhurahamu ari kure, naRazaro ari pachifuva chake.
“mugehena”. Shoko rechiHebheru rokuti “Sheori,” rinoshandurwa pano kuti “hero,” somuSeptuagint, rinoratidzira nzvimbo yavose yokugara kwemweya yakafa kutozosvikira parumuko, uye inokamurwa kuva denga nokuda kwavamwari ( Ruka 23:43 ) uye hero nokuda kwavakaipa. Uyezve, Talmud inotaura kuti denga nehero zvakarongwa nenzira yokuti ari panzvimbo imwe anogona kuona zviri kuitwa kune imwe. Asi hazvitombokodzeri kuwana mifungo ipi neipi yechokwadi pamusoro poupenyu hwapashure porufu kubva munhaurirano iyi neinotevera pakati pomupfumi naAbrahama, nokuti pasina panikiro muchikamu chino chemufananidzo tine pamberi pedu kumiririrwa kwenhetembwa chete kwemufungo unosanozivikanwa wakafanana uyo musangano, semuenzaniso, muna 3 Sam. 22, apo muporofita Mikaya anorondedzera zvakazarurwa pamusoro pezvinoitika zvehondo yaAhabhi zvakaziviswa kwaari. Zvinoita here, somuenzaniso, kutora sezvariri kutaura mupfumi pamusoro penyota yake? Zvakanaka, haana muviri mugehena.
“Akaona Abrahamu ari kure uye Razaro ari pachipfuva chake.” Chokwadi izvi zvakatowedzera kurwadziwa kwake, nokuti akanga agumbuka zvikuru kuona mupemhi aishoreka achinakidzwa nokushamwaridzana natateguru.
Ruka 16:24. ndokudanidzira achiti: Baba Abhurahamu, ndinzwirei tsitsi, mutume Razaro kuti anywise muromo wemunwe wake mumvura, atonhodze rurimi rwangu, nekuti ndiri kutambudzika mumurazvo uyu.
Achiona Razaro ari pachipfuva chaAbrahama, mupfumi akanga achitambura akakumbira Abrahama kuti atume Razaro kuti amubatsire nedonhwe remvura.
Ruka 16:25. Abhurahamu ndokuti: Mwana, rangarira kuti watogamuchira zvakanaka zvako paupenyu hwako, naRazaro zvakaipa; zvino iye unonyaradzwa pano, iwe unorwadziwa;
"zvakanaka zvako". Zvisinei, Abhurahama, achidana mupfumi kuti "mwana" wake, anoramba kuzadzisa chikumbiro chake: atogamuchira zvakakwana pane zvaaifunga kuti zvakanaka ("zvakanaka zvake"), apo Razaro aingoona zvakaipa chete muupenyu hwake (pano hapana chisazita. akawedzera “wake”, zvichiratidza kuti kutambura hakusi chinhu chinodiwa chemunhu akarurama).
Kubva pakushora kwaRazaro kusvikira kumupfumi, uyo pasina mubvunzo akanga ane mhaka nokuda kwedambudziko rake amene rinorwadza nemhaka yokuti airarama nouipi, kuri pachena kuti Razaro akanga ari murume akarurama.
Ruka 16:26. uyezve, pane mukaha mukuru pakati pedu nemwi, zvekuti vanoda kuyambuka kubva kuno vachiuya kwamuri vakonewe, kuti varege kuyambukira ikokowo kuuya kwatiri.
"inoona mukaha mukuru". Abrahama anonongedza kuda kwaMwari kuti munhu arege kubva kudenga achienda kugehena uye zvakasiyana. Achitaura nenzira yokufananidzira mufungo uyu, Abrahama anotaura kuti pakati peGehena neParadhiso pane mukaha mukuru (maererano nomurangariro wavanarabhi, inchi imwe bedzi), zvokuti Razaro, kana aida kuenda kumupfumi, aisagona kuita kudaro.
"kuti havagone". Kubva mumhinduro iyi yaAbrahama, tinogona kugumisa pamusoro penhema dzedzidziso yezvemidzimu, iyo inobvuma bviro yokuoneka kwavakafa, uyo sezvinofungidzirwa anogona kupwisa mumwe munhu pamusoro pechimwe chokwadi chakakwirira: tine Chechi Dzvene somutungamiriri wedu muupenyu uye isu havadi dzimwe nzira.
Ruka 16:27. Iye ndokuti: Naizvozvo ndinokumbira, baba, mumutumirei kumba kwababa vangu;
Ruka 16:28. nekuti ndine vanakomana vamai vangu vashanu, kuti ndivapupurire, kuti ivowo varege kuuya panzvimbo ino yokurwadziwa.
“kupupura kwavari”, kureva kuvaudza kutambura kwandakaita nekuti ndaisada kushandura hupenyu hwangu hwekusava nehanya.
Ruka 16:29. Abhurahamu akati kwaari: Mozisi nevaporofita vanavo; ngavavanzwe ivo.
Pano panotaurwa kuti kune nzira imwe chete yekunzvenga kuguma kwemupfumi anonyura mugehena, uye ndiko kutendeuka, kushanduka kwehupenyu husina basa, huzere nemafaro, uye kuti murairo nevaporofita ndiyo nzira inoratidzwa. vose vanotsvaka kurairirwa . Kunyange kudzoka kwevakafa hakugoni kuita zvakanaka zvakawanda kune vaya vanorarama upenyu hwokusafunganya senzira iyi inogara iripo yokurayiridza.
Ruka 16:30. Iye ndokuti: Kwete, Baba Abhurahamu; asi kana umwe wevakafa akaenda kwavari, vachatendeuka.
Ruka 16:31. Abhurahamu ndokuti kwaari: Kana Mozisi ari vaporofita, kana vasinganzwi, kunyange kana umwe akamuka kubva kuvakafa, havangatendi.
"havazogutsikana". Apo muevhangeri akanyora izvi, pfungwa yokusatenda iyo vaJudha vakasangana nayo rumuko rwaRazaro ( Johane 12:10 ) uye rumuko rwaKristu amene rungava rwakamuka mupfungwa dzake. Kunze kwezvo, Kristu navaapostora vakanga vatoita rumuko rwavakafa, uye ikoku kwakashanda nokuda kwavaFarise vasingatendi here? Vakaedza kutsanangura zvishamiso izvi nezvimwe zvisakiso zvomusikirwo kana kuti, sezvazvakaitika chaizvoizvo, nebetsero yesimba rakati rerima.
Vamwe vaturikiri, pamusoro pechirevo chakananga chadudzwa pamusoro apa, vanoona mumufananidzo uyu chirevo chedimikira nechiporofita. Maererano navo, mupfumi, nemafambiro ake ose uye magumo, anofananidzira chiJudha, chaigara chisina hanya netarisiro yekodzero dzayo muHumambo hweKudenga, uye ipapo, pakuuya kwaKristu, pakarepo akazviwana kunze kwechikumbaridzo ichocho. Humambo, uye mupemhi anomiririra chipegani, icho chaive chakaparadzaniswa nechaunga chevaIsraeri chikagara muurombo hwepamweya, chichibva chazogashirwa kamwe kamwe pachipfuva cheChechi yaKristu.
Kwakabva muchiRussian: Bhaibheri Rinotsanangura, kana kuti Commentaries pamabhuku ose eMagwaro Matsvene eTestamende Yekare neItsva: Mumavhoriyamu 7 / Ed. Prof. AP Lopukhin. – Ed. 4th. – Moscow: Dar, 2009. / T. 6: Four Gospels. - 1232 pp. / Evhangeri yaRuka. 735-959 p.
