Paula Hammond paakatanga kusvika paMIT's campus semudzidzi wegore rekutanga mukutanga kwema1980, akange asina chokwadi kana aive wake. Muchokwadi, sezvaakaudza vateereri veMIT, akanzwa se "munyengeri."
MIT Institute Purofesa Paula Hammond, inyanzvi yemakemikari ane mukurumbira pasi rose akapedza nguva yakawanda yebasa rake rezvidzidzo paMIT, akapa hurukuro ye2023-24 James R. Killian Jr. Faculty Achievement Award. Mufananidzo wechikwereti: Jake Belcher
Nekudaro, manzwiro aya haana kutora nguva refu, sezvo Hammond akatanga kuwana rutsigiro pakati pevadzidzi biyake uye faculty yeMIT. “Nharaunda yakandikoshera zvikuru, kunzwa kuti ndiri munhu, kunzwa kuti ndine nzvimbo pano, uye ndakawana vanhu vanoda kundimbundira nokunditsigira,” akadaro.
Hammond, inyanzvi yemakemikari ane mukurumbira pasi rose akapedza nguva yakawanda yebasa rake rezvidzidzo paMIT, akataura zvaanotaura panguva ye2023-24 James R. Killian Jr. Faculty Achievement Award lecture.
Yakavambwa muna 1971 kukudza mutungamiri weMIT wechigumi, James Killian, Mubairo weKillian unocherekedza zvinoshamisa zvakaitwa nehunyanzvi nenhengo yeMIT faculty. Hammond akasarudzwa kuti apiwe mubairo wegore rino "kwete chete nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwake hwekuita uye mabasa, asiwo nekuda kweushamwari hwake hwechokwadi nehunhu, kufunga kwake uye hutungamiriri hunoshanda, nekunzwira tsitsi uye maitiro," sekureva kwemubairo uyu.
“Purofesa Hammond ndiye piyona mutsvakurudzo yenanotechnology. Nechirongwa chinobva pasainzi kuenda kutsvakiridzo yekududzira mukurapa nesimba, akaunza nzira nyowani dzekugadzira uye kuvandudza nzira dzakaoma dzekutakura zvinodhaka zvekurapwa kwegomarara uye kufungidzira kusingapindike, "akadaro Mary Fuller, sachigaro weMIT's faculty uye purofesa. wemabhuku, akapa mubairo. "Sevamwe vake, tinofara kupemberera basa rake nhasi."
Muna Ndira, Hammond akatanga kushanda seMIT's vice provost yefaculty. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, akatungamira Dhipatimendi reChemical Engineering kwemakore masere, uye akanzi Institute Purofesa muna 2021.
Nzira yakasiyana-siyana
Hammond, akakurira muDetroit, anorumbidza vabereki vake nekudyara rudo rwesainzi. Baba vake vaive mumwe wevashoma vevatema PhDs mubiochemistry panguva iyoyo, amai vake vachiwana dhigirii reukoti kubva kuHoward University uye vakatanga chikoro chehukoti paWayne County Community College. "Izvo zvakapa mukana wakakura wevakadzi munharaunda yeDetroit, kusanganisira vakadzi vemavara," Hammond akadaro.
Mushure mekuwana dhigirii rake reBachelor kubva kuMIT muna 1984, Hammond akashanda sainjiniya asati adzokera kuInstitute semudzidzi akapedza kudzidza, achiwana PhD yake muna 1993. Mushure memakore maviri postdoc paHarvard University, akadzoka kuzobatana neMIT faculty muna 1995. .
Pamwoyo wekutsvagisa kwaHammond inzira yaakagadzira kugadzira mafirimu matete anogona “kuputira” nanoparticles. Nekugadzirisa kemikari yemafirimu aya, zvimedu zvinogona kugadzirwa kuendesa mishonga kana nucleic acids uye kunanga chaiwo maseru mumuviri, kusanganisira maseru egomarara.
Kugadzira mafirimu aya, Hammond anotanga nekuisa mapolymer anochajiswa zvakanaka panzvimbo ine chaji isina kunaka. Zvadaro, mamwe akaturikidzana anogona kuwedzerwa, achichinjanisa zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka mapolymers. Imwe neimwe yezvikamu izvi inogona kunge iine mishonga kana mamwe mamorekuru anobatsira, akadai seDNA kana RNA. Mamwe emafirimu aya ane mazana ezvikamu, mamwe angori mamwe chete, zvichiita kuti abatsire kune akasiyana siyana ekushandisa.
"Chii chakanaka nezve layer-by-layer process ndechekuti ini ndinogona kusarudza boka remapolymer anoshatisa anonyatsoenderana biocompatible, uye ini ndinogona kuachinjanisa nezvinhu zvedu zvezvinodhaka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ndinogona kuvaka matinji emufirimu ane mishonga yakasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana mukati mefirimu, "Hammond akadaro. “Ipapo, kana firimu racho radzikira, rinogona kuburitsa mishonga iyoyo mukurongeka. Izvi zviri kuita kuti tikwanise kugadzira mafirimu akaomarara, ane zvinodhaka zvakawanda, tichishandisa nzira iri nyore yemvura.”
Hammond akatsanangura kuti mafirimu aya-ne-layer angashandiswa sei kukurudzira kukura kwemapfupa, muchikumbiro chinogona kubatsira vanhu vanozvarwa vaine hurema hwemafupa ekuzvarwa kana vanhu vanosangana nekukuvara kunorwadza.
Nekushandisa ikoko, lab yake yakagadzira mafirimu ane akaturikidzana emapuroteni maviri. Imwe yeiyi, BMP-2, ipuroteni inodyidzana nevakuru stem maseru uye inovaita kuti vasiyane kuita masero emapfupa, vachigadzira bhonzo idzva. Chechipiri chinhu chekukura chinonzi VEGF, chinosimudzira kukura kwetsinga itsva dzeropa dzinobatsira bhonzo kuti ritangezve. Aya akaturikidzana anoiswa kune yakaonda tishu scaffold inogona kuisirwa panzvimbo yekukuvara.
Hammond nevadzidzi vake vakagadzira coating zvekuti kana yangodyarwa, yaizoburitsa VEGF kutanga, kwevhiki kana kudarika, uye voenderera mberi nekuburitsa BMP-2 kwemazuva anosvika makumi mana. Muchidzidzo chembeva, vakaona kuti chikafu ichi chinokurudzira kukura kwe pfupa idzva izvo zvakanga zvisisazivikanwi nemapfupa chaiwo.
Kuvavarira cancer
Senhengo yeMIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Hammond akagadzirawo dhizaini-ne-layer coatings iyo inogona kuvandudza mashandiro e nanoparticles anoshandiswa kuburitsa kenza zvinodhaka, senge liposomes kana nanoparticles akagadzirwa kubva ku polymer inonzi PLGA.
“Tine huwandu hwakawanda hwevatakuri vezvinodhaka vatinokwanisa kuputira nenzira iyi. Ini ndinofunga nezvavo segobstopper, uko kune ese akasiyana masiwiti uye anonyungudutsa imwe panguva, "Hammond akadaro.
Ichishandisa nzira iyi, Hammond yakagadzira zvimedu zvinogona kuendesa imwe-mbiri punch kumaseru egomarara. Chekutanga, zvimedu zvinoburitsa dosi ye nucleic acid senge ipfupi inopindira RNA (siRNA), iyo inogona kudzima geni rine cancer, kana microRNA, inogona kumisa tumor suppressor gene. Zvadaro, zvimedu zvinoburitsa mushonga wechemotherapy senge cisplatin, uko masero ave panjodzi.
Zvimedu zvinosanganisirawo kunze kwe "stealth layer" inopomerwa zvakashata iyo inovadzivirira kubva pakuputsika muropa vasati vasvika kune zvinangwa zvavo. Iyi yekunze layer inogona zvakare kugadziridzwa kuti ibatsire zvimedu kutorwa nemaseru egomarara, nekubatanidza mamorekuru anosunga kumapuroteni akawandisa pamaseru emamota.
Mune rimwe basa richangoburwa, Hammond atanga kugadzira nanoparticles inogona kunanga gomarara reovarian uye kubatsira kudzivirira kudzoka kwechirwere mushure mechemotherapy. Muchikamu chinosvika makumi manomwe kubva muzana chevarwere vekenza yeovarian, chirongwa chekutanga chekurapa chinoshanda zvakanyanya, asi mapundu anodzokazve munenge 70 muzana yezviitiko izvozvo, uye mapundu matsva aya kazhinji haagone zvinodhaka zvakanyanya.
Nekuchinja mhando yejasi rinoiswa kune zvinodhaka-zvinopa nanoparticles, Hammond akaona kuti zvimedu zvinogona kugadzirwa kuti zvipinde mukati mema tumor cell kana kunamira panzvimbo yavo. Achishandisa zvimedu zvinonamira kumaseru, akagadzira mushonga unogona kubatsira kumhanyisa mhinduro yemurwere kune chero masero anodzokororwa.
"Negomarara reovarian, mashoma masero edziviriro aripo munzvimbo iyoyo, uye nekuti haana akawanda masero edziviriro aripo, zvakaoma zvikuru kumutsiridza mhinduro yezvirwere," akadaro. "Zvisinei, kana tikakwanisa kuendesa morekuru kumaseru ari pedyo, mashoma aripo, toita kuti amutsiridzwe, isu tinogona kuita chimwe chinhu."
Kuti izvi zviitike, akagadzira nanoparticles inoburitsa IL-12, cytokine inomutsa masero eT ari padyo kuti atange kuita chiito uye otanga kurwisa masero emamota. Muchidzidzo chembeva, akawana kuti kurapwa uku kwakakonzera ndangariro yenguva refu T-cell mhinduro yakadzivirira kudzoka kwegomarara reovarian.
Hammond akavhara hurukuro yake nekutsanangura mabatiro akaita Institute paari muhupenyu hwake hwese.
“Chave chiri chiitiko chinochinja,” akadaro. “Ini ndinoona nzvimbo ino seyakakosha nekuti inounza vanhu pamwe chete uye inoita kuti tiite zvinhu zvataisakwanisa kuita tega. Uye irwo rutsigiro rwatinowana kubva kushamwari dzedu, vatinoshanda navo, uye vadzidzi vedu chinoita kuti zvinhu zviitike. ”
Yakanyorwa naAnne Trafton
