Mekhatlo ea sechaba e qositse Uganda le Tanzania ka ho potlakela ho saena Phaephe ea Oli e sa Hlakoeng ea Afrika Bochabela (EACOP) e sebetsana le TotalEnergies le CNOOC ea Chaena pele baahi ba moo ba tsebisoa hantle ka likotsi tsa tikoloho le bophelo bo botle.
E ngotsoe ke Patrick Njoroge
Lihlopha li re baahi, ba lahlehetsoeng ke mobu oa baholo-holo le thepa e 'ngoe ea sechaba morerong ona, ha baa ka ba tsebisoa ka ho lekaneng ka likotsi tsa morero kapa hore na likotsi life kapa life li tla "qojoa, li fokotsoe kapa li fokotsoe".
Baitseki, ho kenyeletsoa Diana Nabiruma oa Africa Institute for Energy Governance, sehlopha sa lipatlisiso tsa maano a sechaba sa Uganda le bobuelli, ba hlokomelisa hore Uganda e ntse e tla natefeloa ke melemo ea bonanza ea oli e neng e bonahala e le haufi ha ho sibolloa li-deposit tsa oli e tala ka 2006.
"Kakaretso le CNOOC li ntse li hloka ho fumana inshorense le ho bokella $ 2.5bn ho tšehetsa lichelete tsa likoloto hore EACOP e tsoele pele 'me ba tla sokola ka matla ho fumana libanka tse lekaneng le bafani ba inshorense ba ikemiselitseng ho ikamahanya le morero o joalo," o boletse joalo.
Total e boletse khafetsa hore e entse tlhahlobo e "thata" ea maemo a kotsi tikolohong le sechabeng le maano a ho fokotsa kamano le merero.
Ho tloha ha Uganda e fumana li-depositi tsa peterole ea khoebo ka 2006 sebakeng sa Albertine Graben haufi le moeli oa DR Congo, Kampala e qalile ho theha mekhoa e sebetsang ea tsamaiso ho khothaletsa kholo le nts'etsopele.
Ho sibolloa ho entsoe ke setonanahali sa Brithani sa Tullow Oil.
Ka Mmesa 2020, k'hamphani e ile ea rekisa thahasello ea eona morerong ho TotalEnergies empa k'hamphani ha e so fumane batseteli bakeng sa ho e ntša.
Phaephe ea Oli e Hlakotsoeng ea Afrika Bochabela (EACOP) ke pompo e sisintsoeng ea lik'hilomithara tse 1,443 e tla tsamaisa oli ho tloha Hoima, Uganda ho ea toropong ea Tanga, Tanzania.
Morero oa EACOP o qala Hoima, haufi le Letša la Albert, 'me o tšele moeli oa Uganda - Tanzania pakeng tsa Masaka le Bukoba, ho feta Letša la Victoria, ho latela moeli oa eona o ka bophirimela, ho tšela Tanzania, ho feta haufi le Kahama, Singida, Kondoa, ho kena Tanga.
Morero oa Tilenga o kenyelletsa tlhahlobo ea oli, setsi sa ho lokisa oli e tala, liphaephe tse ka tlas'a lefatše, le meaho literekeng tsa Buliisa le Nwoya tsa Uganda.
Sebaka sa tlhoekiso se tla hahuoa setšeng sa lisekoere-kilomitara tse 29 Toropong ea Kabaale, Setereke-potlana sa Buseruka, seterekeng sa Hoima, sebakeng se ka bophirimela, haufi le moeli oa machaba le DR Congo, haufi le mabōpo a ka bochabela a Letša la Albert.
Sena se tla ba haufi le masimo a oli a maholo a Uganda sebakeng sa Kaiso-Tonya, lik'hilomithara tse ka bang 60 ka tsela, ka bophirimela ho Hoima.
Kaiso e ka ba lik'hilomithara tse 260 ka tsela, leboea-bophirima ho Kampala, motse-moholo le toropo e kholo ea Uganda.
Uganda e netefalitse mehloli ea oli e tala ea libarele tse limilione tse likete tse 6.5, tse ka bang limilione tse likete tse 2.2 ho tsona li ka khutlisoa.
IMF e qotsitsoe ka 2013 e re libaka tsa polokelo ke tsa bone ho tse kholo ka ho fetisisa Afrika e ka boroa ho Sahara ka mor'a Nigeria, Angola le Sudan Boroa.
Hoo e ka bang libarele tse limilione tse likete tse 1.7 tsa oli e ka khutlisoang li ile tsa sibolloa ka 2006. Ho cheka ho tla etsoa masimong a mabeli a oli a masimong a Kingfisher, a sebelisoang ke China National Offshore Oil Corporation Ltd (CNOOC Ltd), le lebala la Tilenga le tsamaisoang ke Mafora a machaba a Total Energies.
Beng ba ho sibolloa ha oli ho kenyelletsa TotalEnergies 56.67 per cent, China CNOOC Group 28.33 pc le mmuso oa Uganda o nka karolo e setseng ea 15%.
Li-deposit tsa oli e ntšitsoeng li tla hloekisoa ka karolo e 'ngoe Uganda bakeng sa phepelo ea 'maraka oa lehae empa karolo ea tau e romelloa kantle ho 'maraka oa machabeng ka Phaephe ea Oli e Sehlahisoa ea Afrika Bochabela.
Ha e se e phethiloe, setsi sena e tla ba pompo e telele ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng e futhumatsang.
Empa lihlopha tsa machaba le tsa tikoloho li ntse li lemosa ka likotsi tse hlahisoang ke libaka tsa meralo le EACOP ho tikoloho le likotsi tsa sechaba ho libaka tse sirelelitsoeng tsa liphoofolo tse hlaha, mehloli ea metsi le sechaba ho pholletsa le Uganda, Tanzania le DR Congo.
Lihlopha li tsoetse pele khanyetso e matla morerong ona.
Leha qeto ea ho qetela ea matsete e saennoe ka la 1 Hlakola, e amang US$10 bilione, khanyetso e pharalletseng le litšitiso tsa ho fumana lichelete li ka etsolla e 'ngoe ea merero e meholo ka ho fetisisa ea Afrika ea mafura a khale.
Letšeng la Albert karolong e ka bophirimela ea Uganda, morero bahlahisi ba tla haha liliba tsa oli, setsi sa ho lokisa oli e sa tsoakoang, lipeipi tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a lefatše, le lisebelisoa tsa motheo literekeng tsa Buliisa le Nwoya bakeng sa tšebeliso ea oli ea lehae.
Sebaka sa oli sa Tilenga ka leboea ho Letša la Albert, se tla kenyelletsa ts'ebetso ka har'a Phaka ea Sechaba ea Murchison Falls, 'me e sebelisoa le ho ba le 56.67% ke TotalEnergies.
Lipuisano
Bahlahisi ba tsitlallela hore merero e tla fetola matlotlo a sechaba le a moruo a Uganda le Tanzania. Empa lichaba tse ngata li tobane le khanyetso e kholo ho tsoa ho sechaba sa lehae le lihlopha tsa sechaba.
Kakaretso ea lihlopha tsa sechaba tse 260 tse tsoang Uganda, Tanzania le linaheng tse ling tsa Afrika, hammoho le mekhatlo ea machaba, li kopane ho sutumelletsa lets'olo la #StopEACOP, mokhatlo oa lefats'e o itšetlehileng haholo ka ho bokella sechaba, liketso tsa molao, lipatlisiso, ts'ebetso ea ba nang le kabelo le bobuelli ba mecha ea litaba.
Lihlopha li tsitlallela ho ntšoa ha oli e ngata le liphaephe tsa ho romela oli e tala li beha likotsi tse tebileng tsa tikoloho le tsa sechaba libakeng tse sirelelitsoeng tsa liphoofolo tse hlaha, matša le linōka, meru, libaka tse mongobo, lirapeng tsa boikhathollo tsa naha le sechaba ho pholletsa le Uganda le Tanzania.
Ba re phaepe ena e tla ntša libarele tse 250,000 XNUMX tsa oli letsatsi le letsatsi nakong eo ka eona boholo ba lefatše bo mathang ho fokotsa mesi le ho itšetleha ka libeso.
Lipalo-palo tse entsoeng ke bafuputsi ba Stockholm Environment Institute li bonts'a likhase tsa khabone tse amanang le tlhahiso ea tlhoro ea EACOP masimong a oli a Letša la Albert li ka lekana ho feta lithane tse limilione tse 33 ka selemo, e leng makhetlo a fetang a 30 a selemo le selemo a kopaneng a Uganda le Tanzania.
Omar Elmawi, 'muelli oa molao oa Kenya ea nang le sehlopha sa tikoloho 350.org, e leng karolo ea letšolo lena, o re selekane sena se susumelitse libanka tse 11 ho ntša chelete bakeng sa phaepe.
NGO e re e bokelletse batho ba milione ho saena boipiletso bo kopang CEO ea TotalEnergies Patrick Pouyanné le ba bang ba lichelete ho emisa ts'ebetso ea morero ka ho phephetsa matsete ka lekhotleng le ho tšoara boipelaetso ba sechaba.
Coleen Scott, motlatsi oa molao le leano la Inclusive Development International (IDI), monkakarolo letšolong la #StopEACOP, o re projeke e tla lematsa ka mokhoa o ke keng oa lokisoa tikolohong e tšehetsang mesebetsi e tšoarellang joalo ka bohahlauli le ho tšoasa litlhapi.
NGO ea Brithani, Oxfam, e re batho ba fetang 100,000 ba tla tataisoa ke morero oa Uganda le Tanzania.
Ba bang ba fetang 14,000 ba kotsing ea ho lelekoa sebakeng sa bona sa lihekthere tse 5,300 ho fana ka monyetla oa ho aha.
Setsi sa Tikoloho sa Stockholm tlhahlobisong ea sona ea 2021 se re ho ntšoa ha oli le lipeipi ho tla sitisa kakaretso ea lisekoere-k'hilomithara tse 2,000 tsa libaka tse sirelelitsoeng tsa liphoofolo tse hlaha.
Tsena li kenyelletsa Moru oa Bugoma o amohelang 12% ea lichimpanzi tsa Uganda, meru ea Wambabya le Taala naheng ea Uganda, le Minziro Nature Forest Reserve le Burigi-Biharamulo Game Reserve e Tanzania.
Sebaka sa oli sa Tilenga se kenyeletsa ts'ebetso ka hare ho Murchison Falls National Park, sebaka sa khale ka ho fetisisa sa polokelo ea tlhaho sa Uganda se tšeptjoang ke batho ba fetang milione bakeng sa ho tšoasa litlhapi le metsi.
Sebaka sa oli sa Tilenga se tla sebetsa ka har’a Phaka ea Sechaba ea Tilenga, e leng oona feela mohloli oa lijo le metsi bakeng sa batho ba fetang milione e le ’ngoe ba futsanehileng, baahi ba mahaeng.
Nabiruma o re leha molao oa Uganda o sa thibele ho hlahlojoa ha oli libakeng tse sirelelitsoeng, joalo ka setho sa International Union for Conservation of Nature, naha e itlamme ho qoba mesebetsi ea indasteri libakeng tse sirelelitsoeng.
O re phaepe ena e beha likotsi tse ngata tsa tšilafalo ea metsi a hloekileng, haholo-holo sebakeng sa Letša la Victoria, leo batho ba limilione tse 40 ba itšetlehileng ka lona bakeng sa metsi, tlhahiso ea lijo le tlhahiso ea indasteri.
TotalEnergies le balekane ba re projeke e tla theha mesebetsi e tobileng e 12,000 le menyetla e ka bang 50,000 ea ho sebetsa e sa tobang nakong ea mekhahlelo ea kaho le tlhahiso.
Empa Simon Nicholas, mohlahlobisisi oa lichelete tsa matla Setsing sa Economics Economics and Financial Analysis, o hlokomelisa hore tlaleho e fosahetseng ea merero e meng ea mafura a khale Afrika e fana ka tšepo e fokolang ea tšepo.
Batsetedi ba EACOP ba re borakonteraka ba tla tsetela US$1.7 bilione menyetla ya kgwebo e tla thea mesebetsi le ho matlafatsa matsete a otlolohileng a Uganda le Tanzania kantle ho naha ka 60%.
E boetse e lebelletsoe ho hlahisa lekeno la selemo le fihlang ho lidolara tse libilione tsa US ho tsoa kantle ho naha ea oli ho ea linaheng, ho kenyeletsoa China le India, ho bolela Stephanie Platat, ofisiri ea likamano tsa mecha ea litaba ea TotalEnergies.
O re malapeng a 18,800 a anngoeng ke Uganda le Tanzania, ke ba 723 feela ba tla tlosoa ke merero ea Tilenga le EACOP.
"Merero ena hangata e tla le litšepiso tsa mesebetsi le nts'etsopele empa kamehla e nyahamisa," Nicholas oa lemosa. "Linaha tsa Afrika tse itšetlehileng ka tlhahiso ea mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale li bona tsoelo-pele ea moruo e liehang ho feta linaha tse seng joalo."
Elmawi oa lets'olo la #StopEACOP o hlokomelisa TotalEnergies mme CNOOC e ts'oara 70% ea lipeipi, ha Uganda le Tanzania li saletsoe ho arolelana 30% e setseng. "Sena ha se utloahale joalo ka lisebelisoa tsa Uganda le Tanzania, empa ke Total le CNOOC," o boletse joalo China Dialogue.
Elmawi le Simon Nicholas ba hlokomelisa hore ho e-na le ho ntša oli le khase e eketsehileng, e neng e tla romela mafura a khale ho tloha Afrika, Tanzania le Uganda li lokela ho sheba lintho tse nchafalitsoeng, bohahlauli, temo e tsitsitseng le ho tšoasa litlhapi.
Nakong e sa tsoa feta, li-insurers tse tharo le libanka tsa machaba tse 15 li khaolitse likhokahano tsa tsona le morero o behang lichelete tsa oona ka mokhoa o sa tsitsang.
"Re belaela hore Total le CNOOC ba ntse ba sokola ho fumana libanka tse ikemiselitseng ho mamella botumo bo tla tlisoa ke ho tšehetsa morero o joalo oa likhang," ho boletse Coleen Scott oa IDI.
"Selemong se fetileng, re bone litšenyehelo tsa projeke li nyoloha haholo, hoo e ka bang ka 30% ...
Bokamoso ba morero
Morero oa EACOP esale o batla kalimo ea US$3 bilione. Empa ha bo-ramatsete ba lefats'e ba ka sehloohong ba tlohela lichelete tsa ho hlahloba oli le khase ho loantša ho fetoha ha maemo a leholimo, ho na le lipotso mabapi le bokamoso le katleho ea morero.
"Ho tšehetsa morero oa EACOP ka mokoloto oa banka ho ntse ho hlophisoa le mekhatlo ea lichelete ea machaba e nang le thahasello," ho boletse Platat. China Dialogue.
O re morero ona o amohetsoe ke beng ba liabo ba itlammeng ho fana ka lichelete, leha ho le joalo boitlamo bo ntse bo siea khaello ea US$3 bilione e hlokang likalimo tsa banka.
Scott o hlokomelisa hore projeke ea ho ntšoa ha oli ea sekala sa EACOP e ka notlella Uganda hore e itšetlehe ka mafura le ho thefula monyetla oa naha oa phetoho ea botala le ho pepesetsa batho ba Uganda bofutsaneng bo eketsehileng.
Bahlahlobisisi, ho kenyeletsoa Hona joale, ba pheha khang ea hore matsete a Uganda ho bohahlauli, matla a hloekileng, agroforestry le likarolo tse ling tsa moruo tse tala li ka hlahisa mesebetsi e ka bang limilione tse 4, ho eketsa GDP ka 10%. Mohato ona o ka pholosa naha lithane tse limilione tse 30.4 tsa likhase tsa khabone ka 2031.
“Merero ea oli e baka likotsi tse kholo tsa tikoloho. Lisebelisoa, tse ling tse arolelanoang le linaha tse kang DRC, Tanzania le Kenya, ho kenyeletsoa Letša la Albert, Letša la Victoria le linōka, li kotsing ea tšilafalo ea oli,” o re.
Vanessa Nakate, mothehi oa Rise Up Climate Movement naheng ea Uganda, o re: “Ha ho na lebaka la hore Total e kenelle mosebetsing oa ho hlahloba oli le kaho ea EACOP hobane sena se bolela ho fehla tšenyo ea lefatše le ho mpefatsa likoluoa tsa boemo ba leholimo tse seng li ntse li le teng libakeng tse amehileng haholo.
"Ha ho na bokamoso indastering ea mafura 'me re ke ke ra noa oli. Re kopa Total ho ema molemong oa batho le polanete,” o boletse joalo.
Lucie Pinson, oa Reclaim Finance, ea sebetsang ho theola tsamaiso ea lichelete, eketsa: "Re ipiletsa ho libanka ho itlama phatlalatsa ho qoba morero le batseteli ho vouta khahlano le leano la boemo ba leholimo la Total le nchafatso ea taelo ea CEO oa eona Patrick Pouyanné ho AGM ea sehlopha ka Mots'eanong."
David Pred oa Inclusive Development International, e tšehetsang lichaba ho sireletsa litokelo tsa tsona khahlanong le merero e kotsi ea likhoebo, o itse: “Likhampani tsa oli li leka ho apesa mokete oa ho saena qeto ea matsete, empa ka lehlohonolo morero ona oa ho senya boemo ba leholimo o hole le ho etsoa.
Empa CEO oa TotalEnergies, Patrick Pouyanné, o re balekane bohle ba ikemiselitse ho kenya tšebetsong merero ka mokhoa o behang mohlala le ho ela hloko ka ho fetisisa mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng le maemo a tikoloho hammoho le litokelo tsa sechaba sa lehae.
"Projeke ea ntlafatso ea Tilenga le lipeipi tsa EACOP ke merero e meholo bakeng sa Total 'me e tsamaellana le leano la rona la ho tsepamisa maikutlo mererong e tlase ea oli, ha re ntse re theola karolelano ea khabone ea karolo e holimo ea sehlopha. Merero ena e tla theha boleng ba bohlokoa naheng ea Uganda le Tanzania.
"Kakaretso e boetse e nahanela maemo a tebileng a tikoloho le maemo a bophelo a merero ena ea lebopong. Boitlamo ba rona ke ho kenya tšebetsong merero ena ka mokhoa o behang mohlala le o pepeneneng ka botlalo, o re.
Boemo ba Pouyane bo tšehelitsoe ke Robert Kasande, mongoli oa ka mehla oa Uganda lekaleng la matla le nts'etsopele ea liminerale. "Re ela hloko tikoloho eo re sebetsang ho eona. Ke tikoloho e hlokolosi haholo. Kahoo re behile ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe eo re lokelang ho e etsa. ”
Empa setsebi se tummeng sa tikoloho ea United States Bill McKibben se lemosa seo Pipepe ea Oli e Tliloeng ea Afrika Bochabela e sokela se seng sa libaka tse nang le mefuta-futa ea tikoloho le tse ruileng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng.
O re lipeipi tsa lik'hilomithara tse ka bang 1,445 li feta libakeng tse ngata tsa bohlokoa le libaka tsa polokelo ea tlhaho tse nang le liphoofolo tse ikhethang le tse kotsing ea ho timela, joalo ka litau, li-elands, kudu, linare, limpala, likubu, lithuhlo, li-roan antelopes, sitatunga, sables, liqoaha, aardvark. , le tšoene ea colobus e khubelu.
O lemosa hore “tsela e reriloeng e shebahala joalokaha eka e ne e huleloa ho beha liphoofolo tse ngata kotsing ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang.”
Ha e le tseleng e tlohang Uganda e eang lebopong la Tanzania, phaepe ena e tla sitisa libaka tse ka bang lisekoere-k’hilomithara tse 2,000 XNUMX tsa libaka tse sirelelitsoeng tsa liphoofolo tse hlaha, ho akarelletsa le Murchison Falls National Park, Taala Forest Reserve, Bugoma Forest, le Biharamulo Game Reserve.
Libaka tsena li kenyelletsa libaka tsa polokelo tse ngata tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa paballo ea mefuta e tlokotsing joalo ka lichimpanzi tsa Bochabela le Tlou ea Afrika.
The Tlou ea Afrika, phoofolo e kholo ka ho fetisisa e tsamaeang Lefatšeng, e na le mehlape e tsamaeang linaheng tse 37 ho pota lefatše.
Libōpuoa ha li ntle feela ka botsona, empa li bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho boloka libaka tse loketseng bakeng sa liphoofolo tse ling tse ngata.
McKibben o re: “Haeba re tsotella liphoofolo le ho boloka mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng tseo re saletseng ho tsona, re lokela ho etsa sohle seo re ka se khonang ho thibela Phaepe ea Oli e sa Hlakoeng ea Afrika Bochabela.”
Le hoja EACOP e baka likotsi tse kholo tsa boemo ba leholimo 'me e tobana le khanyetso e atileng, litho tsa mekhatlo ea sechaba le baqolotsi ba litaba ba totobalitseng likotsi, ba tsoela pele ho tšosoa le ho tšoaroa.
Ka la 22 Mphalane, 2021, basebetsi ba tšeletseng ba Africa Institute of Energy Governance, ho kopanyelletsa le motsamaisi Dickens Kamugisha, ba ile ba tšoaroa Kampala. AFIEGO ke e 'ngoe ea lihlopha tse' ne tsa Uganda tse hlahletseng linyeoe tsa molao khahlano le morero, ho kenyeletsoa e khahlano le TotalEnergies naheng ea Fora le Lekhotleng la Toka la Afrika Bochabela.
Sena se lebisitse ho hlahlobisisoeng ha morero ke Baqolotsi ba Khethehileng ba UN.
Baahi ba haufi le morero oa morero le bona ba phela ka tšabo. Ho hlokahala lihekthere tse fetang 5,300 tsa mobu bakeng sa kaho le ts'ebetso ea lipeipi, ho bolelang hore malapa a ka bang 14,000 a tla lahleheloa ke likotoana tse nyane tsa masimo a baholo-holo.
Palong eohle, malapa a 200 Uganda ha a 330 a Tanzania a tla tlameha ho fallisoa. Malapa a mang a 3,500 9,513 Uganda le a XNUMX XNUMX a Tanzania a tla falla ka lebaka la moruo
Tšusumetso ea boemo ba leholimo
Ryan Brightwell oa BankTrack o hlokomelisa hore ka phaephe ea EACOP e lebelletsoeng ho tsamaisa libarele tse 216,000 tsa oli e tala ka letsatsi 'hlahisong ea lihlabeng', oli e kanna ea baka ho tsoa ha CO2 ho feta. Lithane tse limilione tse 33 selemo le selemo.
Sena se tla ba seholo haholo ho feta likhase tse kopaneng tsa Uganda le Tanzania. Ho tšehetsa morero ona ka lichelete ho tla nyenyefatsa mosebetsi o mong o etsoang ke bo-ramatsete, balaoli, le tse ling tsa libanka tse tšoanang ho sebetsana le kotsi ea boemo ba leholimo.
